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The Dark Knight
Promotional poster
Directed byChristopher Nolan
Written byScreenplay:
Christopher Nolan
Jonathan Nolan
Story:
David S. Goyer
Christopher Nolan
Characters:
Bob Kane
Bill Finger
Jerry Robinson
Produced byChristopher Nolan
Charles Roven
Emma Thomas
StarringChristian Bale
Michael Caine
Heath Ledger
Gary Oldman
Aaron Eckhart
Maggie Gyllenhaal
Morgan Freeman
CinematographyWally Pfister
Edited byLee Smith
Music byHans Zimmer
James Newton Howard
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release dates
July 17, 2008 (AUS)July 18, 2008 (US)
July 25, 2008 (UK)
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
BudgetUS$150 million (projected)[1]

The Dark Knight is a 2008 American superhero film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman. The film is a direct sequel to the 2005 release Batman Begins, which rebooted the Batman franchise after an eight-year hiatus. Christopher Nolan, director of Batman Begins, continues as the director of the sequel, which stars Christian Bale again as Batman and Heath Ledger as the Joker. The film follows Batman becoming more of a detective, dealing with the escalated situation from the end of Batman Begins as well as the dilemma of his vigilante crusade, and his friendship with district attorney Harvey Dent, played by Aaron Eckhart.

Nolan was initially unsure of returning for the sequel, but eventually decided upon creating a new interpretation of the Joker, based on the villain's original appearances in comic book lore. The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago, as had been done for Batman Begins, as well as several other locations in and outside the United States. The director also used an IMAX camera to film four major action sequences, including the Joker's first appearance. The Batsuit was redesigned, with a cowl allowing Bale to move his head, and a recreation of the Batcycle known as the Batpod will be introduced.

The studio undertook a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight in which websites were created so Batman fan collaboration would reveal items such as new screenshots from the film. The film will also be marketed by selling related toys and an animated direct-to-DVD anthology titled Batman: Gotham Knight that is set between Batman Begins and The Dark Knight. The Dark Knight will be released on July 18 2008 in the United States[2] and on July 25 in the United Kingdom.[3]

Premise

Batman, Lieutenant James Gordon, and district attorney Harvey Dent are successfully rounding up the criminals that plague Gotham City. A mysterious criminal mastermind known only as the Joker rises, creating a new wave of chaos. Batman's struggle against the Joker becomes deeply personal, "confront[ing] everything he believes" and improving his technology to stop him.[4]

Cast and characters

Christian Bale reprises the role of Bruce Wayne / Batman, a billionaire who has dedicated himself to being the vigilante protector of Gotham City in the form of Batman, the Dark Knight. Bale felt confident in his reprisal because of the positive response to his performance in Batman Begins.[5] He trained in the Keysi Fighting Method,[6] and performed many of his own stunts.[5] The actor described Batman's dilemma as whether "[his crusade is] something that has an end? Can he quit and have an ordinary life? The kind of manic intensity someone has to have to maintain the passion and the anger that they felt as a child, takes an effort after awhile, to keep doing that. At some point, you have to exorcise your demons."[7] Bale felt that because of the strong establishment of Batman's personality in Batman Begins, it was unlikely that the character would be overshadowed by the villains, as with the first four films. Instead, "I have no problem with competing with someone else. And that's going to make a better movie."[8]

Heath Ledger plays the Joker, who the actor described as a "psychopathic, mass-murdering, schizophrenic clown with zero empathy".[9] Before Ledger was confirmed as the Joker in July 2006,[10] actors Paul Bettany,[11] Lachy Hulme,[12] Adrien Brody,[13], Steve Carell,[14] and Robin Williams[15] had publicly expressed interest in the role. Nolan had wanted to work with Ledger on a number of projects in the past, but had been unable to do so. Ledger expressed heavy interest in the role, and Nolan agreed upon his anarchic interpretation of the character.[16] The Joker marks Ledger's first villainous role. To prepare, Ledger lived alone in a hotel room for a month, formulating the character's posture, voice and psychology.[8] While he initially found it difficult, Ledger was eventually able to generate a voice which did not sound like Jack Nicholson's take on the character in Tim Burton's 1989 Batman film.[17] He started a diary, in which he wrote the Joker's thoughts and feelings to guide himself during his performance,[9] and he also looked at the books Batman: The Killing Joke and Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth.[18] Ledger also cited inspiration in A Clockwork Orange and Sid Vicious.[19] Ultimately, "there’s nothing that [is] consistent", as his main objective was to frighten the audience.[19] Playing the role put a strain on the actor's sleeping patterns.[9]

Aaron Eckhart plays district attorney Harvey Dent / Two-Face,[20] for whom battling the Joker takes a dark toll. Eckhart described the character of Harvey Dent as coming from the same world as Batman, but simultaneously being apart from it. "I'm looking for the tension between the two, the similarities between the two. I want to find what's similar to Batman and then find what's opposite to him," Eckhart said.[21] Christopher Nolan and David Goyer considered having the character in Batman Begins, but replaced him with the new character Rachel Dawes when they realized they "couldn’t do him justice".[22] Before Eckhart was cast in February 2007, actors Liev Schreiber,[23] Josh Lucas,[24] and Ryan Phillippe[25] had expressed interest in the role.[26]

Maggie Gyllenhaal plays assistant D.A. Rachel Dawes, a childhood friend of Bruce and one of the few to know he is Batman. Gyllenhaal acknowledged her character as a damsel in distress to an extent, adding that Nolan had sought ways to empower her character. She said, "Rachel's really clear about what’s important to her and unwilling to compromise her morals, which made a nice change" from the many conflicted characters she has portrayed.[27] Before Gyllenhaal's casting, actress Katie Holmes had portrayed Rachel Dawes in the previous film and was purported in August 2005 by producer Charles Roven to be signed for The Dark Knight.[28] In January 2007, Holmes had turned down an offer to reprise her role as Rachel Dawes due to scheduling conflicts,[29] and the role was recast two months later.[30]

Additional characters include:

Anthony Michael Hall has been cast as a reporter.[16] Actors Beatrice Rosen and Joshua Harto are also cast into The Dark Knight in unnamed roles.[39] Edison Chen cameos as a villain [40] and Winston Ellis has been cast as a new villain called Gator. [41] United States Senator Patrick Leahy, who has served as an extra in the 1997 Batman & Robin and also did a guest voice on Batman: The Animated Series, will have a cameo in The Dark Knight with Bale's Batman and Ledger's Joker.[42]

Production

Development

Before the release of Batman Begins, screenwriter David S. Goyer wrote a treatment for two sequels, introducing the Joker and Harvey Dent. Originally, the Joker would scar Dent during his trial in the third film:[43] Christopher Nolan explained, "I think in terms of making [...] the most complete film it can be."[16] As with the first film, Goyer cited Batman: The Long Halloween as the preeminent influence on the storyline.[22] Nolan was initially unsure of whether he would return, but felt that he did want to reinterpret the Joker on screen.[8] After much research, his brother and co-writer Jonathan Nolan suggested the character's first two appearances be their influence. The director "felt like we've actually come around to something eerily close to those first two stories."[5] Jerry Robinson, one of the Joker's co-creators, was consulted on the character's portrayal.[44] Nolan decided to avoid having to tell an in-depth origin story for the character, portraying his rise to power instead.[16] He explained, "To me, the Joker is an absolute. There are no shades of gray to him [...] He bursts in just as he did in the comics."[37]

On July 31, 2006, Warner Bros. Pictures officially announced the initiation of production for the sequel, titled The Dark Knight.[10] This makes it the first live-action Batman film without the word "Batman" in its title, which Christian Bale noted as signaling that "this take on Batman of mine and Chris' is very different from any of the others."[45] Nolan described the sequel's theme as escalation, continuing how Batman Begins ended, with "things having to get worse before they get better."[46] The director indicated that the film will continue the themes of Batman Begins such as justice vs. revenge and Bruce Wayne's father issues,[47] but it would also show more of Batman as a detective, as "[they]'re trying to move the story forward."[5] He described Bruce Wayne and Harvey Dent's friendship and rivalry to be the "backbone" of the film.[37] Christopher Nolan considered The Dark Knight's storytelling structure similar to Batman Begins as a "very conventional drama". He found the major challenges in structuring the story to be dealing with a larger cast and a story of a more epic scale.[48] Heat was an inspiration in telling a story about the numerous denizens of Gotham City.[16]

Filming

File:Jokerbehingdthaglass.jpg
Director Christopher Nolan (far left) and actor Heath Ledger (in make-up) filming a scene in The Dark Knight with an IMAX camera

In October 2006, film location manager Robin Higgs visited Liverpool to scout locations, mainly along the city's waterfront, for filming The Dark Knight. Other scouted locations included Yorkshire, Glasgow, and parts of London.[49] Producer Charles Roven stated in August 2006 that principal photography would begin in March 2007,[50] but filming was pushed back to April.[51] For its IMAX release, Nolan had four major action sequences, including the Joker's introduction, shot in the format. Nolan wished he could have shot the entire film in IMAX, as he felt "if you could take an IMAX camera to Mount Everest or outer space, you could use it in a feature movie."[52] Shooting in the format was something Nolan had wanted to do for fifteen years, and he also used it for "quiet scenes which pictorially we thought would be interesting."[37]

Warner Bros. chose to film in Chicago for 13 weeks,[53] because Nolan had a "truly remarkable experience" filming part of Batman Begins there.[54] There, the film was entitled Rory's First Kiss to lower the visibility of production, but the local media uncovered the tactic.[55] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times commented on the absurdity of the technique, "Is there a Bat-fan in the world that doesn't know Rory's First Kiss is actually The Dark Knight, which has been filming in Chicago for weeks?" later adding, "When you identify the studio, director and stars, even the most casual movie fan is an imdb.com click away from determining the movie's real title."[56] Production of The Dark Knight in Chicago will generate $45 million in the city's economy and create thousands of jobs.[57] The crew shot in Chicago from April 18-24 2007[58] for the film's prologue involving the Joker.[59] They returned to shoot from June 9 2007 to early September.[57]

According to actor Michael Caine, the film would also shoot in London, Los Angeles and Baltimore.[60] While planning a stunt with the Batmobile in a special effects facility near Chertsey, England in September 2007, a technician was killed when his car crashed. None of the actors were on set.[61] The following month in London at the defunct Battersea Power Station, a rigged 200-foot fireball was filmed, reportedly for an opening sequence for The Dark Knight. The fireball prompted calls from local residents who feared a terrorist attack on the station.[62]

Filming took place in Hong Kong from November 6-November 11, 2007[63][64] at the Central-Mid-Levels escalators, Queen's Road, The Center, and International Finance Centre.[65] The city's walled city of Kowloon influenced the Narrows in Batman Begins.[66] The shoot hired helicopters and C-130 aircraft,[63] and a stunt where Batman jumps off a skyscraper was filmed at the International Finance Centre.[64] The shoot was deeply controversial. Officials were concerned over possible noise pollution and traffic,[64] though letters to the city's residents promise the sound level would be similar to that of buses.[63] Environmentalists criticized the filmmakers' request to tenants of the waterfront skyscrapers to keep their lights on all night for beautiful cinematography, calling it a waste of energy.[64]

Design

The Joker's make-up reflects the grungy nature of his character. The style in which his make-up is applied resembles an infection as the "Joker has left the make-up and just let it rot off".[8]

Costume designer Linda Hemming described the Joker's look as being based around his personality, in which "he doesn't care about himself at all." She avoided his design being vagrant, but nonetheless it is "scruffier, grungier and therefore when you see him move, he's slightly twitchier or edgy."[8] The clown make-up is minimal; his mask is made up of three pieces of stamped silicone, described by Heath Ledger as a "new technology" which is much quicker to apply than regular prosthetics. Ledger felt that he was not wearing any make-up at all.[17] It only took an hour to apply to Ledger on each day of shooting. In the film, the Joker is merely exaggerating his facial scarring; he never removes his make-up. During the course of the film it worsens, resembling an infection.[8]

Designers improved on the design of the Batsuit from Batman Begins, adding wide elastic banding to help bind the costume to Christian Bale, and suggestive of sophisticated technology. The redesign was done to make Bale feel more comfortable and more agile in his performance, though the suit was still hot to wear.[67] It was constructed from 200 individual pieces of rubber, fiberglass, metallic mesh, and nylon. The new cowl was modeled after a motorcycle helmet and separated from the neck piece, allowing Bale to turn his head left and right and nod up and down.[68] The cowl is equipped to show white lenses over the eyes when the character turns on his Bat-sonar detection.[69] The gauntlets had their razors made retractable and able to be fired.[68]

The film introduces the Batpod, which is a recreation of the Batcycle. Nathan Crowley, who designed the Tumbler for Batman Begins, designed six models (built by Chris Corbould) for use in the film's production, in anticipation of accidents as well as needed crash scenes. The Batpod is steered by shoulder instead of hand, and the rider's arms are protected by sleeve-like shields. The bike has 508 millimeter (20-inch) front and rear tires, and made to appear as if it is armed with grappling hooks, cannons, and machine guns. The engines are located in the hubs of the wheels, which are set 3 1/2 feet (1067 mm) apart on either side of the tank. The rider lies belly down on the tank, which can move up and down in order to dodge any incoming gunfire that Batman may encounter. Stuntman Jean-Pierre Goy will double for Christian Bale during the riding sequences in The Dark Knight.[70]

Music

In an October 2006 interview, composer Hans Zimmer confirmed he and James Newton Howard would be returning to score The Dark Knight, teaming up as they did on Batman Begins.[71] Zimmer said that the main Batman theme was purposely introduced at the end of Batman Begins and be fleshed out in the sequel as the character develops.[72] In July 2007, Zimmer reported that he was experimenting with new ideas with the score for The Dark Knight. The composer believed that the character Batman had not yet earned his score in the previous film and that the score would be earned in the sequel. According to Zimmer, "I now want to go and complete that theme [...] I felt I had a good start, and now it would be really nice to develop that world a little further."[73]

Marketing

42 Entertainment began a viral marketing campaign in May 2007, with the launch of a website featuring the fictional political campaign of Harvey Dent, that was captioned, "I Believe in Harvey Dent". Their aim was to interest fans by having them try to gain what they wanted to see. A vandalized version, "I believe in Harvey Dent too", was also set up, where e-mails sent by fans slowly removed pixels, revealing the first official image of the Joker. The page was replaced with many "Haha"s and a hidden message that said "see you in December".[74] During the 2007 Comic-Con International, the website WhySoSerious.com was launched, sending fans on a scavenger hunt to unlock a teaser trailer and a new photo of the Joker.[75]

File:Norulessensible.jpg
A viral website for The Dark Knight had photos sent in by fans of letters they had been directed to, uncovering the Joker's message, "The only sensible way to live in this world is without rules"

During the month of October 2007, WhySoSerious.com showed an animated jack-o'-lantern whose mouth was shaped like a bat logo. The jack-o'-lantern had a candle that melted as time progressed, and half of the pumpkin's face also deteriorated.[76] On Halloween on October 31 2007, the viral website changed into another scavenger hunt with hidden messages, instructing fans to uncover clues at certain locations in major cities throughout the United States and to take photographs of their discoveries. The combined clues resulted in showing a new photograph of the Joker from the film and a one-line audio recording from Ledger as the Joker. The completion of the scavenger hunt also led to another viral site called "Rory's Death Kiss",[76] where fans could submit photographs of themselves costumed as the Joker at various landscapes. Those who sent photos were mailed a copy of a fictional newspaper The Gotham Times, the online version of which led to the discovery of numerous websites.[77]

Six Flags Great America theme park will open The Dark Knight Coaster in 2008. Costing $7.5 million, the ride puts guests through the premise of being stalked by the Joker.[78] Mattel will produce toys for The Dark Knight, including toys, role play costumes, board games, puzzles and a special-edition UNO card game. These will be in stores in June 2008.[79] Batman: Gotham Knight, a direct-to-DVD anime will be released, set between Batman Begins and The Dark Knight, featuring six original stories. Directed by Bruce Timm, co-creator and producer of Batman: The Animated Series, the segments are written by Josh Olson, David Goyer, Brian Azzarello, Greg Rucka, Jordan Goldberg, and Alan Burnett. Each segment has its own artistic style, just as numerous artists work in the same DC Universe.[80]

Six minutes of The Dark Knight, showing a bank raid by The Joker with his ill-fated hired minions and closing with a montage of scenes from the film, is being shown before selected IMAX screenings of I Am Legend, which was released on December 14 2007.[37] A theatrical teaser was also released with non-IMAX showings of I Am Legend and also on the official website.[81]

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  68. ^ a b Jeff Jensen (2007-06-15). "Batman's New Suit". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-06-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  69. ^ "Batman flattert nach Hongkong" (in German). Kino.de. 2007-10-15. Retrieved 2007-10-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
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  71. ^ Dan Goldwasser (2006-10-07). "Breaking the Rules with Hans Zimmer, Part 2". SoundtrackNet. Retrieved 2006-10-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  72. ^ Dan Goldwasser (2006-11-02). "Breaking the Rules with Hans Zimmer, Part 3". SoundtrackNet. Retrieved 2006-11-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  73. ^ Edward Douglas (2007-07-31). "Exclusive: Batman Gets a New Theme!". SuperHeroHype.com. Retrieved 2007-08-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  74. ^ "Now You See Him...". Empire. 2007-06-28. p. 26. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  77. ^ "The Dark Knight Viral Campaign". SuperHeroHype.com. 2007-11-30. Retrieved 2007-12-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  78. ^ Lee Filas (2007-09-27). "Great America getting new 'Dark Knight' coaster next year". Daily Herald. Retrieved 2007-09-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  79. ^ Warner Bros. (2007-06-19). "Mattel on Board for Speed Racer & The Dark Knight". Superherohype.com. Retrieved 2007-06-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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Promotional sites
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