Jump to content

Bundesliga

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 129.70.15.202 (talk) at 10:03, 19 May 2008 (→‎Establishment). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Template:Foreignchar

Fußball-Bundesliga
2007-08 Season
Logo of Fußball-Bundesliga
Founded
1963
Nation
 Germany
Relegation To
2. Bundesliga
Number of Teams
18
Level on Pyramid
Level 1
European Qualification
Champions League
UEFA Cup
Intertoto Cup
Domestic Cups
DFB-Pokal
Current Champions (2007-08)
FC Bayern Munich
Website
Official(English)

The Bundesliga is the highest level of Germany's football league system. The term Bundesliga also applies to football in Austria and is used to refer to the highest level league competitions in several other sports in those two countries.

Germany was unusual, in that, unlike in other countries, a unified national league structure was quite late in developing. The Bundesliga was not formed until 1963 and the structure and organisation of the nation's football leagues have undergone frequent changes right up to the present day.

Overview

The Bundesliga is composed of two divisions: the 1. Bundesliga (although it is rarely mentioned with the First prefix), and, below that, the 2. Bundesliga (Second Bundesliga), which has been the second tier of German football since 1974. The Bundesligen (pl.) are professional leagues, while the leagues below these top two tiers are of amateur level. A measure of professionalism has begun to creep into the third tier (the Regionalligen) from above as teams sign and then farm out prospects to have them gain playing experience.

Below the level of the 2. Bundesliga, leagues are most often subdivided on a regional basis. For example, the Regionalligen are currently made up of Nord (North) and Süd (South) divisions, and the Oberligen (upper leagues) are composed of nine divisions representing states, or large urban and geographical areas. The levels below the Oberligen differ between the local areas. League structure has shifted frequently and typically reflects the degree of participation in the sport in various parts of the country. In the early 1990s, changes were driven by the reunification of Germany and the subsequent integration of the national leagues of East and West Germany.

For the 2008–09 season, a third professional level, the 3. Liga, will be added. However, the 3. Liga will be run directly by the German Football Association (DFB) — unlike the Bundesligen, which are run by an affiliated organisation, the German Football League (DFL; German Deutsche Fußball Liga). At the same time, the Regionalligen will split into three divisions.

Every team in the Bundesligen must have a licence to play in the league, or else they are relegated into the regional leagues. To obtain a licence, teams must be financially healthy and meet certain standards of conduct as organisations.

As in other national leagues, there are significant benefits to being in the top division:

  • A greater share of television broadcast licence revenues goes to Bundesliga sides.
  • Bundesliga teams draw significantly greater levels of fan support. Average attendance in the upper class league is 40,000 per game — more than twice the average of the 2. Bundesliga.
  • Greater exposure through television and higher attendance levels helps Bundesliga teams attract the most lucrative sponsorships.
  • Bundesliga teams develop substantial financial muscle through the combination of television and gate revenues, sponsorships and marketing of their team brands. This allows them to attract and hold skilled players from domestic and international sources and to construct first-class stadium facilities.

The Bundesliga is financially strong, and the 2. Bundesliga has begun to evolve in a similar direction, becoming more stable organisationally and fiscally, and reflecting an increasingly higher standard of professional level play.

Internationally, the most well-known German clubs include Bayern Munich, Hamburger SV, Borussia Dortmund, FC Schalke 04 and Werder Bremen. Hamburger SV can lay claim to being the only club that has played continuously in the Bundesliga since its foundation.

Presently, at the end of the season, the bottom three teams of the Bundesliga are relegated to the 2. Bundesliga, and the top three finishers of the 2. Bundesliga are promoted to the top flight, where they will compete in the next season.

The season starts in early August and lasts until late May, with a winter break of six weeks (mid-December through to the end of January). In recent years, games have been played on Saturdays (seven games beginning at 3:30 PM) and Sundays (two games beginning at 5:00 PM). A new television deal in 2006 re-introduced a Friday game (beginning at 8:30 PM) in place of one of the Saturday matches.

History

Origins

For more details on this topic, see History of German football

Prior to the formation of the Bundesliga, German football was played at an amateur level in a large number of regional leagues. Regional champions played a series of playoff matches for the right to compete in a final game for the national championship. On January 28, 1900, a national association, the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) was founded in Leipzig with 86 member clubs. The first recognised national championship team was VfB Leipzig, who beat DFC Prague 7-2 in a game played in Hamburg on May 31, 1903.

Through the 1950s, there were continued calls for the formation of a central professional league, especially as professional leagues in other countries began to draw Germany's best players away from the amateur domestic leagues. At the international level the German game began to falter as German teams often fared poorly against professional teams from other countries. A key supporter of the central league concept was national team head coach Sepp Herberger who said, “If we want to remain competitive internationally, we have to raise our expectations at the national level.”

Meanwhile, in East Germany, a separate league was established with the formation of the DS-Oberliga (Deutscher Sportausschuss Oberliga) in 1950. The league was re-named the Football Oberliga DFV in 1958 and was generally referred to simply as the DDR-Liga or DDR-Oberliga. The league fielded 14 teams with two relegation spots.

Establishment

The defeat of the national team by Yugoslavia (0–1) in a 1962 World Cup quarter final game in Chile was the impetus to the formation of a national league. Under DFB president Hermann Neuberger the Bundesliga was created in Dortmund on July 28 1962 to begin play starting with the 1963–64 season. The new German professional league was modelled on the long-established English league, which had been set up in 1888.

At the time, there were five Oberligen, or upper leagues, in place representing West Germany's North, South, West, Southwest, and Berlin. East Germany, under Soviet occupation, maintained its separate league structure. Forty-six clubs applied for admission to the new league. Sixteen teams were selected based on their success on the field, economic criteria and representation of the various Oberligen.

The first Bundesliga games were played on August 24 1963. Early favorite 1. FC Köln was the first Bundesliga champion (with 45:19 points) over second place clubs Meidericher SV and Eintracht Frankfurt (both 39:25).

Structure and competition

The German football champion is decided strictly by play in the Bundesliga. Each club plays every other club once at home and once away. Originally, a victory was worth 2 points, with a draw worth 1 point and a loss no points. Since the 1995/96 season, a victory has been worth 3 points, with no change in the value of a draw or loss. The club with the most points at the end of the season becomes the German champion. Currently, the top two clubs in the table qualify automatically for the group phase of the UEFA Champions League, while the third-place team enters the Champions League at the third qualifying round (see overview). The three teams at the bottom of the table are relegated into the 2nd Bundesliga, while the top three teams in the 2nd Bundesliga are promoted (see overview).

If teams are level on points, tiebreakers are applied in the following order:

  1. Goal difference for the entire season.
  2. Total goals scored for the entire season.
  3. Head-to-head results (total points).
  4. Head-to-head goal difference.

If two clubs are still tied after all of these tiebreakers have been applied, a single match is held at a neutral site to determine the placement. However, this has never been necessary in the history of the Bundesliga.

In terms of team selection, matchday squads must have no more than five non-EU representatives. Seven substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the game.

Changes in league structure

  • Number of teams:
  • Number of teams relegated (automatic relegation except as noted):
    • 1963/64–1973/74: 2
    • 1974/75–1980/81: 3
    • 1981/82–1990/91: 2 automatic plus the 16th-place team in the First Bundesliga played a two-leg test match against the third-place team of the Second Bundesliga for the final spot in the First Bundesliga
    • 1991/92: 4
    • Since 1992/93: 3

European qualification (as of 2006–07)

  • 1st and 2nd place: Group phase of UEFA Champions League
  • 3rd place: Third qualifying round of Champions League. Winners at this stage enter the group phase; losers enter the UEFA Cup.
  • DFB-Pokal (German Cup) winner: Qualifies for UEFA Cup, regardless of league position.
    • If the Cup winner has qualified for the Champions League, the losing finalist will enter the UEFA Cup. For example, although the Second Bundesliga side Alemannia Aachen lost to Werder Bremen in the 2004 DFB-Pokal final, Alemannia secured an entry in the 2004/05 UEFA Cup, because Werder qualified for the Champions League as First Bundesliga champions.
    • If both Cup finalists have qualified for the Champions League, an extra UEFA Cup place is granted on the basis of First Bundesliga position. Since the 2005 DFB-Pokal final pitted champions Bayern Munich against runners-up Schalke 04 (with Bayern winning), sixth-place Bayer Leverkusen received a berth in the 2005/06 UEFA Cup.
  • 4th–5th place: Qualify for UEFA Cup.
  • 6th place: Qualifies for UEFA Intertoto Cup.
  • 16th–18th place: Relegated to 2nd Bundesliga.

The number of German clubs which may participate in UEFA competitions is determined by UEFA coefficients, which take into account the results of a particular nation's clubs in UEFA competitions over the preceding five years.

History of European qualification

  • European Cup/Champions League:
    • Up to and including 1996/97: German champion only
    • 1997–99: Top two teams
    • 1999–present: Top two teams automatically into first group phase (only one group phase starting in 2003/04). Depending on the DFB's UEFA coefficients standing, either one or two other clubs (currently one) enter at the third qualifying round; winners at this level enter the group phase.
  • UEFA Cup:
    • Starting with the 1999/2000 season, the DFB-Pokal winner automatically qualifies. Depending on the DFB's UEFA coefficients standing, anywhere from 0 to 3 extra participants can enter. Since the Cup Winners' Cup was folded into the UEFA Cup after 1999, the DFB has always been entitled to enter a minimum of three clubs in the UEFA Cup, and has been able to enter as many as four (the maximum for any European federation). Teams that enter via the Intertoto Cup or UEFA's Fair Play mechanism do not count against the national quota. After the revamping of the Intertoto Cup effective with the 2006 competition, only one First Bundesliga side is now eligible to enter the Intertoto Cup and possibly earn a UEFA Cup berth. For the 2005/06 season, the DFB earned an extra UEFA Cup place via the Fair Play draw; this place went to Mainz 05 as the highest-ranked club in the Fair Play table of the First Bundesliga not already qualified for Europe.
  • Cup Winners' Cup (abolished after 1999):
    • DFB-Pokal winner entered the Cup Winners' Cup. Today, that club enters the UEFA Cup.

Current members of the Bundesliga (2008/2009 season)

In the above list, Borussia Mönchengladbach, 1. FC Köln and TSG 1899 Hoffenheim have just moved into the First Bundesliga, replacing 1. FC Nuremberg, FC Hansa Rostock and MSV Duisburg, who finished at the bottom three spots of the table at the end of the 2007/08 season and thus were relegated to the Second Bundesliga.

Verdiente Meistervereine

In 2004, the honor of “Verdiente Meistervereine” (roughly “distinguished champion clubs”) was introduced, following a custom first practised by the Italian club Juventus, to recognize sides that have won multiple championships or other honours by the display of gold stars on their team crests and jerseys. Each country's usage is unique and in Germany the practice is to award one star for three titles, two stars for five titles, three stars for ten titles, and four stars for twenty titles.

The former East German side BFC Dynamo Berlin laid claim to the three stars of a ten-time champion. They petitioned the league to have their DDR-Oberliga titles recognized, but received no reply. Dynamo eventually took matters into their own hands and emblazoned their jerseys with three stars. This caused some debate given what may be the tainted nature of their championships under the patronage of East Germany's secret police, the Stasi. The issue also affects other former East German and pre-Bundesliga champions. In November 2005, the DFB allowed all former champions to display a single star inscribed with the number of titles, including all German men's titles since 1903, women's titles since 1974 and East German titles.[1]

The DFB format only applies to teams playing below the Bundesliga (the top two divisions), since there the DFL conventions remain in force. BFC Dynamo Berlin have not followed this guideline and continue to wear three stars, rather than a single star inscribed with the number 10. Greuther Fürth unofficially display three (silver) stars for pre-war titles in spite of being in the Bundesliga second division.

As of May 2008 the following clubs are allowed to wear stars while playing in the Bundesliga. The number in parentheses is for Bundesliga titles won.

As of May 2008 the following clubs are allowed to wear one star while playing outside the Bundesliga. The number in parentheses is for total league championships won over the course of German football history, and would be included within the star.

Media coverage

Premiere holds the rights to broadcast both first and second division matches on a pay-per-view basis. Only two matches, the season opener and the opener after the winter-break, are broadcast on free television, on ARD.

GOL TV has exclusive U.S. and Canadian rights to broadcast the Bundesliga. In Australia, the Bundesliga is currently available on Setanta Sports.

Champions

Main article: German football champions

In total, 43 clubs have won the German championship. FC Bayern Munich have 21 titles, more than any other club. The clubs with the next most titles are BFC Dynamo Berlin (10; all accomplished in the GDR Oberliga) and 1. FC Nuremberg (9).
The clubs with the most Bundesliga titles besides FC Bayern (20 titles) are Borussia Mönchengladbach (5) and Werder Bremen (4).

Season Bundesliga-Champion[2] Season Bundesliga-Champion Season Bundesliga-Champion Season Bundesliga-Champion
1963/64 1. FC Köln 1975/76 Borussia Mönchengladbach 1987/88 SV Werder Bremen 1999/00 FC Bayern Munich
1964/65 SV Werder Bremen 1976/77 Borussia Mönchengladbach 1988/89 FC Bayern Munich 2000/01 FC Bayern Munich
1965/66 TSV 1860 München 1977/78 1. FC Köln 1989/90 FC Bayern Munich 2001/02 Borussia Dortmund
1966/67 Eintracht Braunschweig 1978/79 Hamburger SV 1990/91 1. FC Kaiserslautern 2002/03 FC Bayern Munich
1967/68 1. FC Nuremberg 1979/80 FC Bayern Munich 1991/92 VfB Stuttgart 2003/04 SV Werder Bremen
1968/69 FC Bayern Munich 1980/81 FC Bayern Munich 1992/93 SV Werder Bremen 2004/05 FC Bayern Munich
1969/70 Borussia Mönchengladbach 1981/82 Hamburger SV 1993/94 FC Bayern Munich 2005/06 FC Bayern Munich
1970/71 Borussia Mönchengladbach 1982/83 Hamburger SV 1994/95 Borussia Dortmund 2006/07 VfB Stuttgart
1971/72 FC Bayern Munich 1983/84 VfB Stuttgart 1995/96 Borussia Dortmund 2007/08 FC Bayern Munich
1972/73 FC Bayern Munich 1984/85 FC Bayern Munich 1996/97 FC Bayern Munich
1973/74 FC Bayern Munich 1985/86 FC Bayern Munich 1997/98 1. FC Kaiserslautern
1974/75 Borussia Mönchengladbach 1986/87 FC Bayern Munich 1998/99 FC Bayern Munich

FC Bayern Munich are the current title-holders.

See also: Austrian football champions

Records

Charly Körbel
Top Ten Players With Most Appearances[3]
Player Period Club[4] Games
1 Karl-Heinz Körbel 1972–1991 Eintracht Frankfurt 602
2 Manfred Kaltz 1971–1991 Hamburger SV 581
3 Oliver Kahn 1987–2008 FC Bayern Munich 557
4 Klaus Fichtel 1965–1988 FC Schalke 04 552
5 Miroslav Votava 1976–1996 SV Werder Bremen 546
6 Klaus Fischer 1968–1988 FC Schalke 04 535
7 Eike Immel 1978–1995 VfB Stuttgart 534
8 Willi Neuberger 1966–1983 Eintracht Frankfurt 520
9 Michael Lameck 1972–1988 VfL Bochum 518
10 Uli Stein 1978–1997 Hamburger SV 512
Gerd Müller
Top Ten Highest Goalscorers[5]
Player Period Club[6] Goals
1 Gerd Müller 1965–1979 FC Bayern Munich 365 (Ø 0,85)
2 Klaus Fischer 1968–1988 FC Schalke 04 268 (Ø 0,50)
3 Jupp Heynckes 1965–1978 Borussia Mönchengladbach 220 (Ø 0,60)
4 Manfred Burgsmüller 1969–1990 Borussia Dortmund 213 (Ø 0,48)
5 Ulf Kirsten 1990–2003 Bayer 04 Leverkusen 181 (Ø 0,52)
6 Stefan Kuntz 1983–1999 1. FC Kaiserslautern 179 (Ø 0,40)
7 Dieter Müller 1973–1986 1. FC Köln 177 (Ø 0,58)
8 Klaus Allofs 1975–1993 1. FC Köln 177 (Ø 0,42)
9 Hannes Löhr 1964–1977 1. FC Köln 166 (Ø 0,44)
10 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge 1974–1984 FC Bayern Munich 162 (Ø 0,52)


Other records

See also

References

  1. ^ DFB clothing instructions, page 54 Template:De icon
  2. ^ http://www.dfb.de/bliga/bundes/meister/index.html
  3. ^ Germany - All-Time Most Matches Played in Bundesliga
  4. ^ where player played the most games.
  5. ^ (West) Germany - Top Scorers
  6. ^ where player shot the most goals

External links

History
  • Bundesliga — All results since 1963, statistics, compare teams ...

Template:Fb start

Template:Fb end

Template:Link FA

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bundesliga&oldid=213437583"