Joe Paterno
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Biographical details | |
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Born | Brooklyn, New York | December 21, 1926
Playing career | |
Position(s) | Quarterback, cornerback |
Head coaching record | |
Overall | 409–136–3 |
Bowls | 24–12–1 |
Accomplishments and honors | |
Championships | |
2 National (1982, 1986) 3 Big Ten (1994, 2005, 2008) | |
Awards | |
Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year (1986) 5x AFCA COY (1968, 1978, 1982, 1986, 2005) 3x Walter Camp COY (1972, 1994, 2005) 3x Eddie Robinson COY (1978, 1982, 1986) 2x Bobby Dodd COY (1981, 2005) Paul "Bear" Bryant Award (1986) 3x George Munger Award (1990, 1994, 2005) Amos Alonzo Stagg Award (2002) The Home Depot Coach of the Year Award (2005) Sporting News College Football COY (2005) 3x Big Ten Coach of the Year (1994, 2005, 2008) | |
Records | |
Most Division I-A/FBS wins (409) Most bowl wins (24) | |
College Football Hall of Fame Inducted in 2007 (profile) |
Joseph Vincent "Joe" Paterno (pronounced /pəˈtɜrnoʊ/; born December 21, 1926) is a former college football coach who was the head coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions from 1966 through 2011. Paterno, nicknamed "JoePa," holds the record for the most victories by an FBS football coach with 409 and is the only FBS coach to reach 400 victories.[1] He coached five undefeated teams that won major bowl games and, in 2007, was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach. Four days after the November 5, 2011 arrest of former assistant coach Jerry Sandusky on sex abuse charges, Paterno was fired mid-season by Penn State trustees.[2][3]
Early life
Paterno was born December 21, 1926, in Brooklyn, New York; he still speaks with a marked Brooklyn accent. His family is of Italian ancestry. In 1944, Paterno graduated from the now defunct Brooklyn Preparatory School. After serving a year in the Army, he attended Brown University; his tuition was paid for by Busy Arnold.[4]
He was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Upsilon chapter).[citation needed] He played quarterback and cornerback, and as of 2011 shares, with Greg Parker, the career record for interceptions at 14.[5] Paterno graduated with the Brown University Class of 1950. Although his father asked, "For God's sake, what did you go to college for?" after hearing of his career choice,[6] Paterno joined his college coach Rip Engle as an assistant coach at Penn State in 1950; Engle had coached five seasons, 1944–1949, at Brown. Engle retired after the 1965 season, and Paterno was named his successor.
Tenure as head coach
Paterno's abbreviated 2011 season was his 62nd on the Penn State coaching staff, which gave him the record for most seasons for any football coach at any university. The 2009 season was Paterno’s 44th as head coach of the Nittany Lions, passing Amos Alonzo Stagg for the most years as head coach at a single institution in Division 1.[7] Paterno was on Penn State's coaching staff for 704 of its 1,225 games, 57.5% of all games played by the program dating back to its inception in 1887, 44.7% as head coach.[8]
Paterno was well-known for his gameday image--thick glasses, rolled-up pants (by his admission, to save on cleaning bills), white socks and Brooklyn-tinged speech.[9] Reflecting the growth in Penn State's stature during his tenure, Beaver Stadium was expanded six times during his tenure, more than doubling in size in the process (from 46,284 in 1966 to 106,572 in 2001).
The Pittsburgh Steelers offered their head coach position to Paterno in 1969, an offer he considered seriously. The Steelers hired Chuck Noll, who won four Super Bowls in his first 11 years, and coached for an additional twelve seasons.
The New York Giants reportedly offered Paterno their head coaching spot numerous times during the team's struggles during the 1970s and early 1980s.
Michigan Athletic Director Don Canham contacted Paterno in 1969 to see if Paterno (whom Canham respected and knew personally) would accept the vacant Michigan job. Paterno turned down the offer and Michigan hired Bo Schembechler. In 1972, Paterno was offered the head coaching position by the New England Patriots. He accepted their offer, but only three weeks later decided to back out of it. The Patriots hired Chuck Fairbanks of Oklahoma instead.
In 1995, Paterno was forced to apologize for a profanity-laced tirade directed at Rutgers then-head coach Doug Graber at the conclusion of a nationally televised game.[10] He was also accused of "making light of sexual assault" in 2006 by the National Organization for Women which called for his resignation,[11] and was involved in a road rage incident in 2007.[12]
After five years of court battles, the Pennsylvania State Employees' Retirement System (SERS) revealed Paterno's salary in November 2007: $512,664. He was paid $490,638 in 2006.[13] The figure was not inclusive of other compensation, such as money from television and apparel contracts as well as other bonuses that Paterno and other football bowl subdivision coaches earned, said Robert Gentzel, SERS communications director. The release of these amounts can only come at the university's approval, which Penn State spokeswoman Lisa Powers said will not happen. "I'm paid well, I'm not overpaid," Paterno said during an interview with reporters Wednesday before the salary disclosure. "I got all the money I need."
In 2008, due to a litany of football players' off-the-field legal problems, including 46 Penn State football players having faced 163 criminal charges according to an ESPN analysis of Pennsylvania court records and reports dating to 2002,[14] ESPN questioned Joe Paterno's and the university's control over the Penn State football program by producing and airing an ESPN's Outside the Lines feature covering the subject.[15] Paterno was criticized for his response dismissing the allegations as a "witch hunt", and chiding reporters for asking about problems.[16]
On November 6, 2010, Paterno recorded his 400th career victory with a 35–21 victory over Northwestern. Facing a 21–0 deficit, Penn State scored 35 unanswered points, tying Paterno's largest comeback victory as a coach.
On October 29, 2011, Paterno recorded his 409th career victory with a 10–7 victory over Illinois. Facing a 7–3 deficit, Penn State drove 86 yards on their final drive to score a touchdown. A missed 42-yard field goal by Illinois which would have sent the game to overtime secured Paterno's 409th victory. With this victory, Paterno passed Eddie Robinson to become the winningest head coach in Division I college football. He trails the leader, John Gagliardi of Division III Saint John's University, by 73 wins.
Bowls and championships
Paterno holds more bowl victories (24) than any coach in history. He also tops the list of bowl appearances with 37.[17] He has a bowl record of 24 wins, 12 losses, and 1 tie following a defeat in the 2011 Outback Bowl. Paterno is the only coach with the distinction of having won each of the current four major bowls—Rose, Orange, Fiesta, and Sugar—as well as the Cotton Bowl Classic, at least once. Under Paterno, Penn State has won at least three bowl games each decade since 1970.
Paterno has led Penn State to two national championships (1982 and 1986) and five undefeated, untied seasons (1968, 1969, 1973, 1986, and 1994). Four of his unbeaten teams (1968, 1969, 1973, and 1994) won major bowl games and were not awarded a national championship.
Penn State under Paterno won the Orange Bowl (1968, 1969, 1973, and 2005), the Cotton Bowl Classic (1972 and 1974), the Fiesta Bowl (1977, 1980, 1981, 1986, 1991, and 1996), the Liberty Bowl (1979), the Sugar Bowl (1982), the Aloha Bowl (1983), the Holiday Bowl (1989), the Citrus Bowl (1993 and 2010), the Rose Bowl (1994), the Outback Bowl (1995, 1998, 2006) and the Alamo Bowl (1999 and 2007).
After Penn State joined the Big Ten Conference in 1993, the Nittany Lions under Paterno won the Big Ten championship three times (1994, 2005, and 2008). Paterno had 29 finishes in the Top 10 national rankings.
Awards and honors
Following the 1986 championship season, Paterno was the first college football coach named "Sportsman of the Year" by Sports Illustrated magazine. In 2005, following an 11–1 comeback season in which the Lions won a share of the Big Ten title and a BCS berth, Paterno was named the 2005 AP Coach of the Year, and the 2005 Walter Camp Coach of the Year.
- Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year – 1986
- Amos Alonzo Stagg Coaching Award (United States Sports Academy (USSA)) – 1989, 2001[18]
- Amos Alonzo Stagg Award (AFCA) – 2002
- AFCA Coach of the Year – 1968, 1978, 1982, 1986, 2005
- Associated Press College Football Coach of the Year Award – 2005
- Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award – 1981, 2005
- Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year – 1978, 1982, 1986
- George Munger Award (Div. I Coach of the Year) – 1990, 1994, 2005
- Paul "Bear" Bryant Award – 1986
- Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year – 2005
- The Home Depot Coach of the Year Award – 2005
- Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award – 1972, 1994, 2005
- Dave McClain Big Ten Conference Coach of the Year – 1994, 2005, 2008
- NCAA Gerald R. Ford Award – 2011[19]
On May 16, 2006, Paterno was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame after the National Football Foundation decided to change its rules and allow any coach over the age of 75 to be eligible for the Hall of Fame instead of having to wait until retirement.[20] However, on November 4, 2006 he was injured during a sideline collision during a game against Wisconsin. As a result of his injuries, he was unable to travel to the induction ceremonies in New York City and the National Football Foundation announced that he would instead be inducted as a part of the Hall of Fame class of 2007.[21] Paterno was inducted on December 4, 2007,[22] and officially enshrined in a ceremony held July 19, 2008.[23]
In 2009, Paterno was named to Sporting News' list of the 50 greatest coaches of all time (MLB, NBA, NFL, NHL, college basketball, and college football). He is listed in position 13.[24]
In 2010, the Maxwell Football Club of Philadelphia established the Joseph V. Paterno Award, to be awarded annually to the college football coach "who has made a positive impact on his university, his players and his community."[25]
Also in 2010, the Big Ten Conference established the Stagg-Paterno Championship Trophy[26] as the annual trophy to be awarded to the winner of the conference football championship.[27]
As Penn State football struggled from 2000 to 2004, with an overall 26–33 record in those years, Paterno became the target of criticism from some Penn State faithful. Many in the media attributed Penn State's struggles to Paterno's advancing age. With no apparent plans to retire, contingents of fans and alumni began calling for him to step down. Paterno rebuffed all of this and stated he would fulfill his contract which would expire in 2008.[28]
Paterno announced in a speech in Pittsburgh on May 12, 2005 that he would consider retirement if the 2005 football team had a disappointing season. "If we don't win some games, I've got to get my rear end out of here", Paterno said in a speech at the Duquesne Club. "Simple as that".[29] However, Penn State finished the season with a record of 11–1 and were champions of the Big Ten in 2005. They defeated Florida State 26–23 in triple overtime in the 2006 Orange Bowl.
Sandusky scandal and dismissal
On November 5, 2011, former Penn State defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky was arrested on 40 counts relating to sexual abuse of eight young boys over a 15-year period, including alleged incidents that occurred at Penn State.[30] A 2011 grand jury investigation reported that a graduate assistant told Paterno in 2002 that he had seen Sandusky performing a sex act on a 10-year-old boy in Penn State football's shower facilities. According to the report, Paterno notified Athletic Director Tim Curley the next day about the incident.[31]
Although prosecutors have reported that Paterno is not accused of any wrongdoing,[32] advocates for sexual abuse victims have called for charges to be brought against him for not contacting the police himself.[33] On November 7, Pennsylvania state police Commissioner Frank Noonan said that Paterno fulfilled his legal obligation to report suspected abuse, although "somebody has to question about what I would consider the moral requirements for a human being that knows of sexual things that are taking place with a child," and that, "I think you have the moral responsibility, anyone. Not whether you're a football coach or a university president or the guy sweeping the building. I think you have a moral responsibility to call us."[34] Criticism of Paterno, including calls for his dismissal, arose for allegedly "protecting Penn State’s brand instead of a child",[35] and allowing Sandusky, who retired in 1999, to retain emeritus status and access to the university's football program and facilities despite knowledge of the allegations.[36]
On the night of November 8, hundreds of student gathered in front on Paterno's home in support of the coach. Paterno thanked the crowd and added, "The kids who were victims or whatever they want to say, I think we all ought to say a prayer for them. It’s a tough life when people do certain things to you."[37][38] In part because of the scandal, Paterno announced the following day that he would retire at the end of the season, stating:
- "...I have decided to announce my retirement effective at the end of this season. At this moment the Board of Trustees should not spend a single minute discussing my status. They have far more important matters to address. I want to make this as easy for them as I possibly can."[39][40]
However, later that evening, the Penn State Board of Trustees voted to reject Paterno's resignation offer, instead firing him and ordering him to leave immediately. Tom Bradley, Sandusky's successor as defensive coordinator, was named interim head coach for the remainder of the 2011 season. School president Graham Spanier was also fired on the same night.[41]
Several hundred Penn State students spontaneously protested the sudden dismissal of Paterno, with some overturning a television news van. The action of the State Board of Trustees was further criticized by Ben Andreozzi, a Harisburg attorney advising some of the alleged victims, who declared that the board had "got it wrong" by hastily dismissing Paterno without consulting the victims of the case.[42] "The school instead elected to do what it felt was in its own best interest at the time. Isn’t that what put the school in this position in the first place?" Andreozzi noted.[42]
However, an anonymous trustee told The Morning Call of Allentown that he and his colleagues felt they had no choice but to fire Paterno due to growing outrage over the scandal. According to the trustee, the board considered allowing Paterno to stay on for the rest of the season and let Bradley act as team spokesman. However, the trustees feared this course would still put all the focus on Paterno and further sully Penn State's image. The board was also angered that Paterno released statements on his own rather than through the university, with some feeling he'd breached his contract by doing so. The trustee said that he and many of his colleagues felt that Paterno "either knew about it (the abuse) or brushed it under the rug, or didn't ask enough questions."[43]
Stances on college football issues
Paterno has long been an advocate for some type of college football playoff system. The question has been posed to him frequently over the years, as only one of his five undefeated teams has been voted national champions.[44][45][46]
Paterno believes that scholarship college athletes should receive a modest stipend, so that they have some spending money. As justification, Paterno points out that many scholarship athletes are from poor families and that other students have time to hold down a part-time job. On the other hand, busy practice and conditioning schedules prevent college athletes from working during the school year.[47]
Paterno previously preferred to not play true freshmen. Later in his career, however, Paterno played true freshmen so as not to be at a competitive disadvantage. In fact, some Penn State recruits, like recruits at many other schools, now graduate from high school a semester early so that they can enroll in college during the spring semester and participate in spring practice. Several team members from the recruiting class of 2005, including Justin King, Anthony Scirrotto, and Derrick Williams, received considerable playing time as true freshmen during the 2005–2006 season.[48]
In 2010, Paterno and former Chicago Bears head coach Mike Ditka suggested that concussions and other injuries in the NFL and college football might be reduced if face masks were done away with.[49]
Officiating and instant replay
In 2002, then 76 year-old Paterno chased down referee Dick Honig in a dead sprint following a 42–35 overtime home loss to Iowa. Paterno saw Tony Johnson catch a pass for a first down with both feet in bounds on the stadium's video replay board, but the play was ruled an incompletion; Penn State had rallied from a 35–13 deficit with 9 minutes left in the game to tie the score at 35, and were driving on their first possession in overtime for a touchdown to tie the game at 42. Penn State failed on fourth down and Iowa held on for the win.[50]
Just weeks later, in the final minute of the Michigan game, the same wide receiver, Johnson, made a catch, which would have given Penn State a first down and put them in range for a game winning field goal. Although Johnson was ruled out of bounds, replays clearly showed that Johnson had both feet in bounds and the catch would have been complete.[51]
In 2004, the Big Ten Conference became the first college football conference to adopt a form of instant replay. The previous two incidents, along with Paterno's public objections, and the Big Ten's Clockgate controversy, are often cited as catalysts for its adoption.[52] Within the next year, almost all of the Division I-A conferences adopted a form of instant replay based on the Big Ten model.[53]
Outside of football
Philanthropy and education
In addition to his legacy as a coach, Paterno is highly regarded for his contributions to academic life at Penn State. After the announcement of his hiring in 1966, Paterno set out to conduct what he called a "Grand Experiment" in melding athletics and academics in the collegiate environment, an idea that he had learned during his years at Brown.[54] As a result, Penn State's players have consistently demonstrated above-average academic success compared to Division I-A schools nationwide. According to the NCAA's 2008 Graduation Rates Report, Penn State's four-year Graduation Success Rate of 78% easily exceeds the 67% Division I average, second to only Northwestern among Big Ten institutions.[55]
Paterno is also renowned for his charitable contributions to academics at Penn State. He and his wife Sue have contributed over $4 million towards various departments and colleges, including support for the Penn State All-Sports Museum, which opened in 2002, and the Pasquerilla Spiritual Center, which opened in 2003.[56] After helping raise over $13.5 million in funds for the 1997 expansion of Pattee Library, the University named the expansion Paterno Library in their honor.[57]
In 2007, former player Franco Harris and his company R Super Foods honored Paterno for his contributions to Penn State by featuring his story and picture on boxes of Super Donuts and Super Buns in Central PA. A portion of the sales will be donated to an endowment fund for the university library that bears his name.[58]
Political interests
Paterno is a political conservative and a personal friend of former President George H.W. Bush, endorsing the then-candidate in a speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention.[54] Paterno was also a close personal friend of President Gerald R. Ford.[59] In 2004, his son Scott Paterno, an attorney, won the Republican primary for Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district but lost in the November general election to Democratic incumbent Tim Holden.[60]
"I brought my kids up to think for themselves since day one," Joe Paterno said in 2008. "I got a son who's a Republican, who ran for Congress, Scott. I'm a Republican. I've got a son, Jay, who's for Obama. I've got a daughter, who I'm pretty sure she's going to be for Hillary. So God bless America."[61]
Personal life
Joe and Sue Paterno have five children: Diana, Jay, Mary Kay, David, and Scott. All of his children are Penn State graduates and he has seventeen grandchildren. One of his children, Jay Paterno, has been an assistant coach at Penn State since 1995.
Joe and Sue are the co-authors of the children's book We Are Penn State!, which takes place during a typical Penn State homecoming weekend.
On November 4, 2006, Paterno was involved in a sideline collision during a game against Wisconsin. He was unable to avoid the play and was struck in the knee by Badgers linebacker DeAndre Levy's helmet. The then 79-year-old Paterno suffered a fractured shin bone and damage to knee ligaments.[62] Paterno coached the 2007 Outback Bowl from the press box before making a full recovery.[63][64]
On November 23, 2008, Paterno had successful hip replacement surgery after spraining his leg while trying to demonstrate onside kicks during a practice session.[65] While recovering he coached the remainder of the season and the 2009 Rose Bowl from the press box.[66]After the above-mentioned injuries, he made use of a motorized golf cart to move around the field during practices.
Paterno was injured again in August 2011 after colliding with a player during practice. He sustained hairline fractures to his hip and shoulder. No surgery was required, but Paterno began the 2011 regular season schedule in a wheelchair.
Head coaching record
Paterno has a career record of 409 wins, 136 losses, and 3 ties.[67] In his 45 seasons as a head coach, he has had 38 winning seasons, one more than Bear Bryant. Based on the criteria used by the NCAA, Paterno holds the record for most victories by a Division I-A/FBS football coach, passing Eddie Robinson's 408 victories on October 29, 2011 against Illinois.[68]
Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | Coaches# | AP° | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penn State Nittany Lions (Independent) (1966–1992) | |||||||||
1966 | Penn State | 5–5 | |||||||
1967 | Penn State | 8–2–1 | T Gator | 11 | 10 | ||||
1968 | Penn State | 11–0 | W Orange | 3 | 2 | ||||
1969 | Penn State | 11–0 | W Orange | 2 | 2 | ||||
1970 | Penn State | 7–3 | 19 | 18 | |||||
1971 | Penn State | 11–1 | W Cotton | 11 | 5 | ||||
1972 | Penn State | 10–2 | L Sugar | 8 | 10 | ||||
1973 | Penn State | 12–0 | W Orange | 5 | 5 | ||||
1974 | Penn State | 10–2 | W Cotton | 7 | 7 | ||||
1975 | Penn State | 9–3 | L Sugar Bowl | 10 | 10 | ||||
1976 | Penn State | 7–5 | L Gator | ||||||
1977 | Penn State | 11–1 | W Fiesta | 4 | 5 | ||||
1978 | Penn State | 11–1 | L Sugar | 4 | 4 | ||||
1979 | Penn State | 8–4 | W Liberty | 18 | 20 | ||||
1980 | Penn State | 10–2 | W Fiesta | 8 | 8 | ||||
1981 | Penn State | 10–2 | W Fiesta | 3 | 3 | ||||
1982 | Penn State | 11–1 | W Sugar | 1 | 1 | ||||
1983 | Penn State | 8–4–1 | W Aloha | 17 | |||||
1984 | Penn State | 6–5 | |||||||
1985 | Penn State | 11–1 | L Orange | 3 | 3 | ||||
1986 | Penn State | 12–0 | W Fiesta | 1 | 1 | ||||
1987 | Penn State | 8–4 | L Citrus | ||||||
1988 | Penn State | 5–6 | |||||||
1989 | Penn State | 8–3–1 | W Holiday | 14 | 15 | ||||
1990 | Penn State | 9–3 | L Blockbuster | 10 | 11 | ||||
1991 | Penn State | 11–2 | W Fiesta | 3 | 3 | ||||
1992 | Penn State | 7–5 | L Blockbuster | 24 | |||||
Penn State Nittany Lions (Big Ten Conference) (1993–2011) | |||||||||
1993 | Penn State | 10–2 | 6–2 | 3rd | W Citrus | 7 | 8 | ||
1994 | Penn State | 12–0 | 8–0 | 1st | W Rose | 2 | 2 | ||
1995 | Penn State | 9–3 | 5–3 | T–3rd | W Outback | 12 | 13 | ||
1996 | Penn State | 11–2 | 6–2 | T–3rd | W Fiesta | 7 | 7 | ||
1997 | Penn State | 9–3 | 6–2 | T–2nd | L Citrus | 17 | 16 | ||
1998 | Penn State | 9–3 | 5–3 | 5th | W Outback | 15 | 17 | ||
1999 | Penn State | 10–3 | 5–3 | T–4th | W Alamo | 11 | 11 | ||
2000 | Penn State | 5–7 | 4–4 | T–6th | |||||
2001 | Penn State | 5–6 | 4–4 | T–4th | |||||
2002 | Penn State | 9–4 | 5–3 | 4th | L Capital One | 15 | 16 | ||
2003 | Penn State | 3–9 | 1–7 | T–8th | |||||
2004 | Penn State | 4–7 | 2–6 | 9th | |||||
2005 | Penn State | 11–1 | 7–1 | T–1st | W Orange† | 3 | 3 | ||
2006 | Penn State | 9–4 | 5–3 | T–4th | W Outback | 25 | 24 | ||
2007 | Penn State | 9–4 | 4–4 | T–5th | W Alamo | 25 | |||
2008 | Penn State | 11–2 | 7–1 | T–1st | L Rose† | 8 | 8 | ||
2009 | Penn State | 11–2 | 6–2 | T–2nd | W Capital One | 8 | 9 | ||
2010 | Penn State | 7–6 | 4–4 | T–4th | L Outback | ||||
2011 | Penn State | 8–1[n 1] | 5–0[n 1] | (Leaders)[n 1] | |||||
Penn State: | 409–136–3 | 95–53 | |||||||
Total: | 409–136–3 | ||||||||
National championship Conference title Conference division title or championship game berth | |||||||||
|
Notes
- ^ a b c Paterno coached the first nine games of the season before he was fired on November 9. Tom Bradley was named interim head coach to replace him.
References
- ^ Wogenrich, Mark (November 6, 2010). "Penn State rallies to win No. 400 for Paterno". The Morning Call. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/11313/1188812-100.stm
- ^ http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/news?slug=ap-pennstate-abuse
- ^ Doxsie, Don (2009-09-25). "How Well Do You Know JoePa?". Waterloo Daily Courier. Waterloo, Iowa. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-url=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "2005 Brown University Football Media Guide" (PDF). Brown University Sports Information Department. 2005. Retrieved 2006-12-28.
- ^ Lopresti, Mike (2008-12-17). "Paterno's run at Penn State is one long journey". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
- ^ Joe Paterno GoPSUSports.com
- ^ "NCAA Archived Team-By-Team Final Statistics".
- ^ Maisel, Ivan. Joe Paterno's Penn State legacy. ESPN, 2011-11-09.
- ^ "Paterno Offers Apology". nytimes.com. 1995-09-27.
- ^ "Paterno says words 'taken out of context'". MSNBC.com. 2006-01-11. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
- ^ "Paterno acknowledges part in incident; cops find no violation". ESPN.com. 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
- ^ "Paterno's salary released to public". Associated Press. 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
- ^ Lavigne, Paula (2008-07-27). "Has Penn State's on-field progress led to off-field problems?". ESPN. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Lavign, Paula (2008-07-27). "Has Penn State's on-field progress led to off-field problems?". ESPN. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
- ^ Giger, Cory (2008-07-28). "JoePa, PSU exposed by ESPN". The Altoona Mirror. Altoona, PA. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "Paterno says he has no plans to leave Penn State". ESPN.com. 2006-12-04. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
- ^ Donovan Presented With United States Sports Academy Coaching Award. GatorZone.com (2007-07-17). Retrieved on 2011-01-02.
- ^ Porter, Kristen Leigh (2011-02-14). "Paterno honored with Ford Award". NCAA. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
- ^ "Paterno & Bowden to Receive National Football Foundation's Highest Honor at Hall of Fame Induction". Penn State Intercollegiate Athletics. 2006-05-25. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2006-12-28.
- ^ "Paterno Postpones Hall of Fame Induction". National Football Foundation. 2006-12-21. Retrieved 2006-12-28.
- ^ Viera, Mark (2007-12-05). "JoePa enters Hall of Fame after 57 years on sidelines". The Daily Collegian. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
- ^ "Paterno Formally Enshrined in Hall". Fight On State. 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- ^ D'Alessio, Jeff (July 29, 2009). "Sporting News' 50 greatest coaches of all time". SportingNews.com. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ Flounders, Bob (2010-03-05). "Joe Paterno will have college award named after him". The Patriot-News. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
- ^ See also: Big Ten Conference football individual honors.
- ^ Shanker, Jared (December 13, 2010). "Big Ten honors Paterno; Big Ten unveils logo, divisions". Harrisburg Patriot-News. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ^ Fittipaldo, Ray (2003-12-20). "Paterno driven to revive Lions". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. D-1. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ Harlan, Chico (2005-05-13). "Paterno puts career on line". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
- ^ Viera, Mark (2011-11-05). "Former Coach at Penn State Is Charged With Abuse". The New York Times. New York, NY. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Taylor, John (2011-11-05). "Penn State prez offers unconditional support to AD". NBC Sports. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "Penn State's Joe Paterno Says He Will Retire at End of Season". Fox News. November 9, 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
- ^ O’Keefe, Michael (2011-11-06). "Former Penn State coach Jerry Sandusky arrested in child sex case; AD Tim Curley charged with perjury". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "Police official: Paterno didn't do enough to stop abuse". CBSSports.com. 2011-11-07. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
- ^ Wise, Mike (2011-11-05). "If Jerry Sandusky allegations are true, Penn State and Joe Paterno deserve part of the blame". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ See, for example: Greg Couch, "The Penn State Sex Scandal: Why Didn't Anyone Help?" Nov. 6, 2011; Dick Weiss, "Joe Paterno Should Have Sounded the Alarm if Sordid Tale is True; Time to Sack Paterno, New York Daily News, Nov. 5, 2011; Bob Smizik, [http://communityvoices.sites.post-gazette.com/index.php/sports/bob-smiziks-blog/30674-penn-state-fire-them-all "Penn State: Fire Them All," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Nov. 6, 2011; Joe Starkey, [http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/college/s_765885.html "Is Penn State's Image Ruined?" Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, Nov. 6, 2011; Neil Rudell, [http://altoonamirror.com/page/content.detail/id/555177/Rudel--A-troubling-loss-of-control-engulfs-PSU.html?nav=742 "A Troubling Loss of Control Engulfs PSU," The Altoona Mirror, Nov. 6, 2011; Bob Ford, [http://www.philly.com/philly/sports/colleges/133308693.html "Indictment of Former Penn State Coach on Sex-Abuse Charges Could Bring Down Paterno," Philadelphia Inquirer, Nov. 6, 2011.
- ^ Hansen, Marc (November 9, 2011). "Hansen: For Paterno, the bare minimum was never enough - until this moral oversight". The Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on November 10, 2011.
{{cite news}}
: Text "head" ignored (help) - ^ Auerbach, Nicole (November 9, 2011). "Penn State students cheer for Paterno". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on November 10, 2011.
- ^ Smith, Erick. Penn State's Joe Paterno to retire at the end of the season, USA Today, November 9, 2011
- ^ http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/11/09/report-joe-paterno-to-retire-at-seasons-end/?hpt=hp_c1
- ^ "Joe Paterno, Graham Spanier out". ESPN.com. 2011-11-09. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
- ^ a b Sara Ganim, "Penn State Board of Trustees 'Got It Wrong,' Says Attorney Advising Jerry Sandusky's Alleged Victims," Patriot-News [Mechanicsburg, PA], November 10, 2011.
- ^ Kennedy, Sam; McGill, Andrew. Trustee: Media frenzy forced board's hand. The Morning Call, 2011-11-10.
- ^ Zeise, Paul (2006-12-04). "Outback Bowl matches Penn State with Tennessee". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ Gorman, Kevin (1994-11-02). "Paterno mum on poll puzzle, supports playoffs". The Daily Collegian. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ Gorman, Kevin (1995-09-09). "Penn State's title hopes bowled over; no playoff in sight". The Daily Collegian. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ Sampsell, Steve (1988-04-26). "College athletes: To pay or not to pay?". The Daily Collegian. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ DiSalvo, Pat (2005-10-07). "National Notebook". The Daily Orange. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
{{cite web}}
: Text "Freshmen Williams, King lead Nittany Lions back to national prominence" ignored (help) - ^ http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/sports/Paterno-and-Ditka-NFL-Should-Get-Rid-Of-Facemasks-105458773.html
- ^ Fittipaldo, Ray (2002-10-02). "Paterno says no apology needed". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ^ Frantz, Jeff (2002-10-19). "Coaches critical after botched calls". The Daily Collegian. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ Pointer, Michael (2004-08-04). "Big Ten reveals instant replay details". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ "Instant Replay rundown for the 2005 season". fanblogs.com. 2005-08-29. Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- ^ a b Fittipaldo, Ray (2005-05-23). "When we say JoePa YOU SAY ..." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
- ^ "Penn State Football Student-Athletes Earn No. 2 Graduation Rate Among AP Top 25 Teams". Penn State Intercollegiate Athletics. 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
- ^ "Joe Paterno". Penn State Intercollegiate Athletics. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
- ^ "Paterno Library". 150 Years: Penn State Sesquicentennial. Centre Daily Times. 2005-02-22. Retrieved 2007-01-30. [dead link]
- ^ "Franco Harris' bakery honors Paterno on boxes of doughnuts, buns". The Times Tribune. 2007-01-26. Retrieved 2008-10-27. [dead link]
- ^ Fernandez, Bernard (2007-01-03). "Forward thinking: Paterno on board with players' great 2007 expectations". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved 2007-01-30. [dead link]
- ^ "U.S. House of Representatives – Pennsylvania 17th". 2004 Election Results. CNN.com. 2004-11-23. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
- ^ Pickel, Janet (March 29, 2008). "Republican JoePa's son backs Obama". Harrisburg Patriot-News. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
- ^ Fittipaldo, Ray (November 5, 2006). "Paterno leaves field after taking hit". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
- ^ Paterno says he likes coaching from press box – College Football – ESPN. Sports.espn.go.com (2007-08-01). Retrieved on 2011-01-02.
- ^ Penn State stifles Tennessee in Outback – College football- NBC Sports. Nbcsports.msnbc.com (2007-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-01-02.
- ^ Flounders, Bob (November 23, 2008). "Paterno has hip replacement surgery". Harrisburg Patriot-News. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ Knoll, Cornina (December 31, 2008). "Joe Paterno will coach from press box during Rose Bowl". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ "NCAA All-Divisions Coaching Records" (PDF).
- ^ Harrington, Mark (2008-09-20). "JoePa is back On Top". Fight On State. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
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