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Giro d'Italia

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Giro d'Italia
File:Giro d'Italia logo.png
Race details
DateMay–June
RegionItaly and nearby countries
English nameTour of Italy
Local name(s)Giro d'Italia Template:It icon
DisciplineRoad
CompetitionUCI World Tour
TypeGrand Tour
OrganiserRCS Sport
Race directorMichele Acquarone
Web sitewww.giroditalia.it Edit this at Wikidata
History
First edition1909 (1909)
Editions95 (as of 2012)
First winner Luigi Ganna (ITA)
Most wins
5 wins
Most recent Ryder Hesjedal (CAN)

The Giro d'Italia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒiːro diˈtaːlja]; English: Tour of Italy) is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in Italy, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.[1] The race was first organized in 1909 to increase the sales for the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport;[1][2] however now its currently run by RCS Sport.[3][4] The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1909 except for when it was stopped for the two World Wars.[1] As the Giro gained prominence and popularity the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe. The peloton expanded from a primarily Italian participation, riders from all over the world participate in the race each year. The Giro is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI Proteams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers can invite.[5][6]

Along with the Tour de France and Vuelta a España, the Giro makes up cycling's prestigious, three week-long Grand Tours.[1][7] The Giro is usually held during late May and early June.[1] While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of at least two time trials, the passage through the mountain chains of the Dolomites[8][9] and the Alps,[10] and the finish in the Italian city Milan.[11][12] The modern editions of the Giro d'Italia consist of 21 day-long segments (stages) over a 23 day period.[1] All the stages are timed to the finish, after finishing the riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times. The rider with the lowest aggregate time is the leader of the race and gets to don the coveted pink jersey.[1][13] While the general classification gathers the most attention there are other contests held within the Giro: the points classification for the sprinters,[13] he mountains classification for the climbers,[13] young rider classification for the riders under the age of 25,[13] and the team classification for the competing teams.[13] The 2012 edition of the race was won by Canada's Ryder Hesjedal; the first Canadian winner in the history of the Giro d'Italia.[14]

History

1908 – 1909: The Idea and First Race

The origin of the Giro d'Italia is similar to that of the Tour de France. It began because of a competition between two newspapers, La Gazzetta dello Sport and Corriere della Sera.[2][15] La Gazzetta dello Sport wished to boost its circulation by holding a professional road race, like the Tour de France.[15] Corriere della Sera wanted to increase its circulation by holding an organized car rally.[15] On 7 August 1908 the newspaper's founder Eugenio Camillo Costamagna, director Armando Cougnet, and its editor Tullio Morgagni announced the inaugural Giro d'Italia to be held in 1909. Corriere della Sera offered a winners bonus of 3,000 lire.[15][16][17]

On May 13, 1909 at 02:53 am 127 riders started the first Giro d'Italia at Loreto Place in Milan.[2][15] The race was split into eight stages covering 2,448 km (1,521 mi).[15] A total of 49 riders finished, with Italian Luigi Ganna winning the inaugural event.[15] Ganna won three individual stages and the General Classification. Ganna received 5325 Lira as a winner’s prize, with the last rider in the general classification receiving 300 lira.[15] The Giro's director received only 150 liras a month, 150 liras less than the last placed rider.[18]

1910 – 1924: Italian Domination

During these years, and up until 1950, the winners of the Giro d'Italia were exclusively of Italian descent.[19] The 1909 edition of the Giro was such a success that the organizers added two more stages and over 500 km (311 mi) to the race.[20] The organizers also restructured the point distributions to determine the overall leader; the stage winner would get one point for finishing first, second place would get two points, and so on up until the 51st and up finishers, who would just receive 51 points.[20] The first non-Italian stage winner, Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq, came in the 1910 edition of the race; he won the second stage of the race.[20] After stage 2 had finished, Carlo Galetti was the new leader of the Giro and he held that lead to the Giro's finish in Milan.[20] The 1911 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro to not have the start or finish of the race in Milan.[21] The start and finish for the race was in the Italian capital, Rome - in order to celebrate Italy's 50th anniversary of unification.[21] The 1911 edition also saw the first foreign rider to lead the race, the Frenchmen Lucien Petit-Breton, and the first repeat winner of the race, Carlo Galetti.[21]

The 1912 edition of the Giro saw some big changes to how the general classification was to be run, while still being based around a point system.[22] The race was to be centered around the team instead of the individual, meaning that the leader of the race would be a team instead of an individual. Teams were allowed only four riders for each squad.[22][23] The changes to the general classification was met with strong opposition from the start.[22] Fourteen teams lined up at the start in Milan.[22][23] Team Atala, which consisted of Luigi Ganna, Carlo Galetti, Eberardo Pavesi, and Giovanni Micheletto, led the race from start to finish.[22][23] Luigi Ganna was the only member of Team Atala that didn't finish the race, he dropped out during the fifth stage. Galetti became the first three time winner of the Giro d'Italia.[22]

Next year's race was the last Giro to be run with a points system.[24] The Giro's peloton that year was completely Italian.[24] The race saw the first appearance of Costante Girardengo, who would win the sixth stage, and come to dominate the Giro in the future.[24] Carlo Oriani, who had just gotten out of serving the Italian military in the Italo-Turkish War, won the race by six points over the second place finisher, Eberardo Pavesi.[24] The 1914 Giro d'Italia saw the calculation of the general classification shift from a points system to a time based system.[25] Riders would now have their finishing times for each stage totaled together to determine the overall leader.[25] Eighty-one riders entered the 1914 edition of the race, but only eight of them finished the race completely.[25] The grueling race was won by Alfonso Calzolari, who won by almost two hours over the second place finisher.[25] A Giro was planned for 1915, but the plans were scrapped when Italy entered World War I.[25] After the war ended, the race resumed in 1919.[1][26]

The 1919 edition of the race navigated through the ruined parts of Northern Italy, which made it hard for the organizers.[26] Costante Girardengo, the winner of the Giro that year, became the first rider to lead the Giro from start to finish.[26] In route to winning the Giro, Girardengo seven of the ten stages that comprised that year's Giro.[2] The Giro also witnessed its first foreign rider to place on the podium in Marcel Buysse.[26] Buysse finished third overall, just a little over an hour slower than Girardengo.[26] Next year's Giro began with close to fifty riders and finished with just ten of those fifty riders.[27] The first stage of the 1920 Giro d'Italia briefly went into Switzerland, which was the first time that the Giro had ever left its home country of Italy.[27] Girardengo, the winner of the previous year's Giro, was widely believed to be the favorite, but the injuries sustained from crashes in the second stage forced him to withdraw from the race.[27] Gaetano Belloni capitalized on Girardengo's troubles, along with Giuseppe Olivieri, the race leader after stage 1, and Carlo Galetti's withdrawals in the second stage, to win the stage and take the lead.[27] Belloni went on to win the Giro, proving to those who called him "the Eternal Second" that he could win a race.[27]

Costante Girardengo won the first four stages of the 1921 Giro d'Italia and led the race through the first four days.[28] During the fifth stage, Girardengo was involved in a crash, seeing that Girardengo was in trouble, Belloni attacked.[28] Girardengo chased for 60 km (37 mi) before calling it quits. Belloni was then the new leader after stage 5's conclusion.[28] Giovanni Brunero was the only rider close to Belloni at that point.[28] Brunero attacked during the race's seventh stage to win the stage and take the overall lead by close to a minute.[28] Brunero held that lead all the way to the finish in Milan.[28] The 1922 Giro d'Italia saw some controversy amongst the general classification contenders.[29] In the race's first stage, Giovanni Brunero received an illegal wheel change - Brunero took a wheel from his teammate Alfredo Sivocci - and Brunero was ultimately penalized 25 minutes.[29] Costante Girardengo and Gaetono Belloni, along with their respective teams Maino and Bianchi, wanted Brunero to be expelled from the Giro for the illegal wheel change.[29] Both the Maino and Bianchi squads eventually withdrew from the Giro due to their outrage with the organizer's decision to give Brunero a 25 minute penalty.[29] Brunero went on to win the Giro d'Italia, his second one of his career.[29]

The 1923 Giro d'Italia was dominated by Costante Girardengo, he won eight out of the ten stages that made up that year's Giro.[30] Girardengo wasn't able to distance himself too far from his heaviest competition, he won the Giro by only thirty-seven seconds over the second place finisher Giovanni Brunero.[30] This was Girardengo's second career win of the Giro d'Italia.[30] Girardengo, Brunero, and Gaetano Belloni didn't start the 1924 edition due to a argument over the start money.[31] Their choice not to participate gave the other general classification hopefuls a bigger chance to win the Giro.[31] Giuseppe Enrici cemented his lead of the race, after his performance during the horrid weather conditions in stage eight. [31] This was Enrici's biggest win in his career. The 1924 edition of the Giro also saw the only woman to ever compete in the history of the Giro d'Italia, Alfonsina Strada.[15][31] She was eliminated from the race after the seventh stage, but the organizers allowed her to race the stages still; however she wouldn't be included in the general classification.[31] Strada made it all the way to the Giro's finish in Milan; she finished around twenty hours slower than the winner Enrici.[15][31]

1925 – 1935: The Binda Years

The 1925 Giro d'Italia saw the emergence of a new star, Alfredo Binda.[32] Despite winning six stages of the Giro, Costante Girardengo did not win the Giro.[32] Binda gained the lead after the fifth stage, when he and a few other general classification contenders attacked while Girardengo was repairing a flat tire on his bike.[32] Girardengo moved back up to second overall after the incident in stage five, but he couldn't overpower Alfredo Binda.[32] Next year's Giro had 204 riders start in Milan, but only 40 of those riders made it back to the finish in Milan.[33] In the first stage of the race, Alfredo Binda crashed and lost a great deal of time.[33] Binda then began to work for his teammate, Giovanni Brunero.[33] Binda won six of the stages in the race, while leading Brunero to his record third Giro d'Italia victory.[33]

The 1927 Giro d'Italia was dominated by Alfredo Binda.[34] On the way to his victory, Binda won a record twelve stages; a record which still stands today.[2][34] Alfredo Binda also led the Giro from start to finish, which had previously only been done by Costante Girardengo (in 1919).[34] The organizers made some changes to the race that year, the stage winner now received a one minute time bonus and stages were now occasionally run on consecutive days, where before they had at least one rest day before each stage.[34] Binda returned the next year to win six of the twelve stages, along with the Giro itself.[35] Binda first captured the lead after the fourth stage, where he distanced himself greatly from his competitors.[35] Binda became the second person to win three Giro d'Italias in their career.[35] The Giro that year also saw a record number of participants at 298 riders, with 126 of those reaching the finish in Milan.[35]

In 1929 Alfredo Binda asserted his dominance once again.[36] On the way to his third consecutive, and fourth career, Giro d'Italia victory, Binda won a record eight consecutive stages.[36][37][17] This Giro began in Rome, which was the second time that the Giro hadn't began in Milan in the history of its running.[36] When Binda came to the finish in Milan, he was booed by some of the spectators, which bothered him greatly.[36] The next year, Binda was paid 22,500 lire, the same amount of money the winner of the Giro would get, not to participate in the Giro.[2][38] Binda's absence left the field open for everyone else.[38] The eventual winner, Luigi Marchisio, gained the lead after winning the third stage of the race and held it all the way to the finish in Milan.[38] Marchisio held a slim fifty-two second lead for the last six stages of the race to the finish in Milan. Marchisio became the youngest rider to win the Giro at 21 years, 1 month, and 13 days; his record stood for ten years before being broken by Fausto Coppi.[38]

Alfredo Binda, the first five time winner of the Giro d'Italia.

The famed race leader's maglia rosa, pink jersey, was introduced in the 1931 edition of the Giro.[15][39] The color pink was chosen for the leader's jersey since La Gazzetta dello Sport printed its news on a pink paper.[15] The maglia rosa was first worn by Learco Guerra, who won the first stage of the race.[15][39] Alfredo Binda returned to the Giro, only to retire while leading during the sixth stage.[39] The eventual winner, Francesco Camusso, attacked during the eleventh stage to claim the lead of the race.[39] Binda came into the 1932 Giro d'Italia in bad form, so he decided to work for his teammate Antonio Pesenti.[40] The German Hermann Buse gained the lead of the Giro from the second stage to the sixth stage, in doing so he became the first German to lead the Giro.[40] During the seventh stage of the race, Pesenti gained the lead of the race by winning the stage by means of a solo attack.[40] Pesenti held the lead to the end of the race.[40]

The Mountains classification was introduced in the 1933 Giro d'Italia, along with the first individual time trial.[41] The organizers also expanded the Giro's total stage number to 17, it had been around twelve the few preceding years.[41] Alfredo Binda gained the lead after the second stage, but he lost it to Jef Demuysere after the fifth stage.[41] Binda gained it back after the eighth stage, where he gained a six minute lead over Demuysere.[41] Binda won the next three stages, while further his lead over the rest of the competition. Binda would go on to win the Giro by a twelve minute margin over Demuysere.[41] Along with winning the general classification, Binda also won the inaugural mountains classification.[15][41] By winning the Giro again, Binda became the first five-time winner of the Giro d'Italia.[41] Learco Guerra won ten of the seventeen stages that comprised the 1934 Giro d'Italia.[42] Guerra's biggest challenge proved to be Francesco Camusso, after Alfredo Binda abandoned the race after being hit by a police motorcycle.[42][43] Camusso gained the lead after his stage thirteen performace.[42] Stage fourteen was a time trial, and Camusso was a pure climber; while Guerra on the other hand was a quality time trialist.[42] Guerra gained close to a four minute lead over Camusso.[42] Guerra and Camusso battled all the way to Milan, but Guerra won by a margin of fifty-one seconds over Camusso.[42]

The 1935 edition of the Giro saw some changes to how it was run; the organizers removed the time bonuses for winning stages and the organizers first added half stages, to this Giro.[44] This Giro also saw the last participation of Alfredo Binda and the first participation of Gino Bartali; Bartali won his first stage in this Giro, he won stage six.[44] The eventual winner, Vasco Bergamaschi, gained the lead briefly after the first stage.[44] He later regained the lead after the sixth stage of the race.[44] Bergamaschi originally came to the Giro to work for his teammate, the great Costante Girardengo.[44]

1936 – 1953: Bartali and Coppi Battle for Supremacy

Fausto Coppi, the second five time winner of the Giro d'Italia.

Due to Italy's political stance at the time, the 1936 Giro d'Italia saw no foreign participation.[45] The organizers of the race also included the first uphill individual time trial in the Giro's history; the time trial went 20 km (12 mi) up to the summit of Monte Terminillo.[45] Gino Bartali took the lead of the race by attacking on the final climb of the hilly ninth stage of the race.[45] Bartali held that lead all the way to Milan.[2] Along with the general classification, Bartali won his second consecutive mountains classification title.[45] For the 1937 Giro d'Italia the organizers decided to include the Dolomites for the first time in the history of the Giro d'Italia.[2][46][47] In addition to that, the organizers included the first team time trial in the Giro's history.[47] The team time trial lasted 62 km (39 mi) and was won by Legnano, the team of the eventual winner Gino Bartali.[47] Bartali displayed his dominance in the mountains and gained the lead after the uphill stage 8a time trial.[47] Bartali carried the maglia rosa all the way to Milan, winning his second consecutive Giro d'Italia.[2][47]

Gino Bartali, the winner of the 1936 and 1937 Giro d'Italias, was ordered by the Italian government to race the Tour de France instead of the Giro in 1938.[48] Giovanni Valetti, the eventual winner, took the lead of the 1938 Giro d'Italia after the mountainous ninth stage.[48] Valetti had a lead of a minute and a half after that stage, but he built upon his lead as the Giro went on.[48] He finished almost nine minutes ahead of the second place rider Ezio Cecchi.[48] The 1939 Giro d'Italia was a battle between Gino Bartali and Giovanni Valetti.[49] The race had been led primarily Cino Cinelli early on; Cinelli lost the lead to Secondo Magni after stage 9a.[49] Magni lost the lead to Giovanni Valetti after the stage 9b individual time trial.[49] Valetti lost the lead to Gino Bartali in the fifteenth stage after he had attacked on the Passo Rolle.[49] Bartali would lose the lead to Valetti after flatting multiple times and crashing in the sixteenth stage.[49] Valetti would go on to win his second consecutive Giro d'Italia, while Bartali left the Giro with his fourth mountains classification title.[49][46]

Bartali came to the 1940 Giro d'Italia with a strong Legnano team and high ambitions to win the overall crown.[50] His hopes were derailed when he crashed in the race's second stage and lost a good deal of time.[50] Fausto Coppi was then promoted to the new team leader after Bartali's misfortunes.[50] Coppi took the lead after attacking on the Abetone in the race's eleventh stage.[51][50] Coppi managed to keep the lead of the race all the way to the race's finish in Milan, where he officially won his first Giro d'Italia.[50] Coppi became the youngest rider to ever win the Giro at 20 years, 8 months and 25 days old, breaking the record that was held by Luigi Marchisio.[52] Bartali didn't leave the Giro empty handed, he won two stages near the end of the race along with the mountains classification.[50] World War II brought the Giro's annual running to a halt after the 1940 edition.[1][50] Coppi was put into the Italy's services, he served in Tunisia; while Bartali went to the Vatican after 1942 racing season.[53]

Benito Mussolini, Italy's dictator at the time, tried to keep the bicycle races going while Italy was involved in the Second World War.[54] The Giro consumed so much gasoline, food, and other supplies that it would hurt Italy's efforts towards the war, so the Giro that were familiar with wasn't run.[54] The government created a new "point series" Giro that would be comprised of the major one day races that were run in Italy, where the riders would earn points based on their placing in each race.[54] Some of the notable races that comprised this "Giro" were the Milan - San Remo and the Giro di Lombardia.[54] The new "point series" Giro was first won by Gino Bartali in 1942.[54] The 1943 edition of the government's Giro was interrupted after Allie forces landed in Sicily and after Mussolini was deposed.[54] After Mussolini's reign ended, bicycle racing came to a complete stop in Italy.[54]

The Giro resumed its annual running in 1946.[55] The organizers added the black jersey, or the maglia nera, for the last rider in the overall classiification.[56] Bartali and Coppi returned to the Giro, but this time they were on separate teams.[55] Coppi was put into difficulty in stage nine, where he lost a good deal of time.[55] During the twelfth stage of the race, the route was set to pass through Pieris on the way to Trieste.[55] In Pieris, there were some Yugoslavs who threw stones at some armed Italian guards.[55] Gunfire erupted soon and the stage was ultimately cancelled, with close to twenty riders being escorted to Trieste.[55] There were also riots that took place in Trieste since Yugoslavia and Italy both claimed that as part of their territory.[55] Bartali first gained the lead after the thirteenth stage of the race.[55] Bartali would hold that lead to the finish in Milan without winning a single stage in the race.[2][55] In addition to winning the general classification, Bartali won the mountains classification.[55]

The 1947 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro to have all competing riders be a part of a trade team, rather than some competing independtly.[57] Although Fausto Coppi won the fourth stage, Bartali took the early lead of the race as the two riders, along with Aldo Ronconi, broke away on the ascent of the Abetone and raced into Prato.[57] Bartali held that lead until the sixteenth stage, where he lost the lead to Fausto Coppi.[57] During the sixteenth stage Bartali's chain dropped on the climb of the Falzarego, Coppi saw this and attacked.[57] The same misfortune struck Coppi on the descent of the Falzarego, which allowed Bartali to rejoin him.[57] Coppi attacked on the Passo Pordoi, but this time Bartali could not keep up. Coppi went on to win the stage and gain the overall lead, which he held all the way to Milan.[57] The 1948 Giro d'Italia featured the smallest margin of victory between any competing riders in the history of the Giro d'Italia; Fiorenzo Magni won by eleven seconds over Ezio Cecchi.[58] Magni set up his victory by being a part of the breakaway that succeeded in the race's ninth stage.[58] Magni gained close to thirteen minutes on the favorites of the race in Bartali and Coppi.[58] Ezio Cecchi briefly gained the lead of the race for two stages, but Magni regained the lead after the seventeenth stage which saw the race travel over the Pordoi Pass.[58] Fausto Coppi and his team, Bianchi, suspected Magni to have received help from the spectators; Magni was ultimately given a two minute penalty.[58] The penalty to Magni wasn't enough to prevent him from winning the race, but he did so by the slimmest of margins.[58]

Fausto Coppi returned to his best form in 1949, where he won his third Giro d'Italia equalizing his rival, Gino Bartali. He shined especially during the 17th stage, where he crossed the Col de Larche, the Col de Vars, the Col d'Izoard, the Col de Montgenevre, and the Sestriere during a solo breakaway. That distance amounted to more than 190 miles of escape. Coppi finished the stage with nearly 12 minutes on Bartali.[51] The Italian writer Dino Buzzati then special envoy of the Corriere della Sera wrote about the victory of Coppi:

There is something moving in this slender young man who rides the mountains, one after another, with nothing but the beating of his heart.

— Dino Buzzati[2]
The Swiss rider Hugo Koblet, the first foreign rider to win the Giro d'Italia.

The 1950 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro d'Italia to be won by a non-Italian, it was won by the Swiss cyclist, Hugo Koblet (nicknamed "the charming peddler").[2] Koblet beat out Gino Bartali for the overall victory of the Giro. Fausto Coppi suffered a fall during the 9th stage, he sustained a fractured pelvis. The injury deprived him of any chance of victory.[59]

Fiorenzo Magni won his second Giro d'Italia in 1951, beating out the likes of Rik Van Steenbergen for the overall victory. Fausto Coppi returned returned to glory, in 1952 and 1953, by winning his fourth and fifth Giro d'Italia (especially in challenging Hugo Koblet in the snowy peaks of the Stelvio in 1959). Coppi's fifth victory in 1953 tied him with Alfredo Binda, for the most Giro d'Italia victories. The 1952 Giro d'Italia was saddened by the death of Italian rider Orfeo Ponsin who crashed against a tree in the fourth stage as he approached a bend.[60]

1954 – 1967: Italian reign challenged

Two Swiss riders took first and second place at the 37th Giro, with Carlo Clerici taking first and Hugo Koblet placing second. This edition was marred by a strike by riders during the 21st stage, between Bolzano and St. Moritz. The strike transformed the stage into a 222 km (138 mi), 10 hour walk.[61] This was Gino Bartali's last Giro d'Italia. Bartali ended up taking thirteenth place overall. He left the Giro with 3 pink jerseys, 7 King of the Mountains Classifications victorys, and 17 stages wins.

Fiorenzo Magni won his third Giro d'Italia in 1955, finishing only 13 seconds ahead of Coppi. Coppi died in 1960, the end of an era. In this edition, Raphael Géminiani became the first French rider to don the pink jersey.

The Luxembourgian Charly Gaul made a bang in the 1956 edition of the Giro. Far behind in the General Classification, in the evening of the 18th stage, he was 24th overall, and more than 16 minutes behind the leader. He went on the attack in the twentieth stage between Merano and Monte Bondone. After a start in the rain, snow made an appearance along with the temperature approaching −10 °C (14 °F). Over 60 riders left the race, including the rider with the pink jersey, Pasquale Fornara.[62] Gaul won at the top of the Monte Bondone, more than 8 minutes ahead of the next rider, but did not have strength left to lift his arms. He was taken to hospital, his jersey still stuck to his skin. This stage victory allowed him to take the pink jersey to Milan, the end of the 1956 Giro.[2] The feat accomplished by the Luxembourg during this stage is considered by some as one of the biggest in the history of cycling. Jacques Goddet wrote the following day:

Charly Gaul won the victory more comprehensive than the cyclist has achieved in one day ... It is a feat unprecedented in modern cycling. This echoes the character of the mountain stages of prehistoric times. He took it to the celestial cataclysm, but also the class very rare and very special ... the small Luxembourg

— Jacques Goddet

In 1957, French Louison Bobet missed becoming the first French to win the Giro d'Italia. He finished with just 19 more racing seconds than Gastone Nencini.[2] Nencini had been carrying the pink jersey for 8 stages. However, Raphael Géminiani nicknamed "the big gun" won his second King of the Mountains Classification. This edition was marked by an anecdote that was fraught with consequences for Charly Gaul. Indeed, from the 18th stage, he was leading with 56 seconds ahead of Nencini and 1 minutes 17 seconds ahead of Louison Bobet. After 102 km (63 mi) of racing, Gaul stopped on the roadside to urinate; that moment Louison Bobet, Nencini, and Miguel Poblet attacked. Gaul came in furious, placing thirtieth position with a delay of 10 minutes.

Jacques Anquetil, the first French winner of the Giro

The 1958 Giro was won by Ercole Baldini aka "The engine of Forlì" then at the height of his career, in fact, he was crowned the same year Road World Champion, as well as Italian Road Race Champion.[2] This 41st edition was also the last edition in which Fausto Coppi competed in before dying two years later.

Charly Gaul was back in the 1959, he won the Giro for the second time in his career.[2] In addition to winning the pink jersey, Gaul also won the maglia verde for the King of the Mountains Classification. Gaul's victory was cemented on the rise of Col du Petit Saint-Bernard at the penultimate stage between Aosta and Courmayeur. Gaul would win the stage, finishing 10 minutes ahead of his competitors, including Jacques Anquetil. Anquetil was the overall leader before the end of the 21st stage of the race.

The 1960 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro to be won by a Frenchman. Jacques Anquetil was the first French cyclist to win the Giro d'Italia. He finished only 28 seconds ahead of Gastone Nencini.[2]

Arnaldo Pambianco was the surprise winner of the 1961 Giro d'Italia. With a record almost clear, he won the Giro in front of Jacques Anquetil, Antonio Suárez, and Charly Gaul. With a breakaway during the 14th in stage difficult climatic conditions, Pambianco took the overall lead in the race. Despite the back of the favorites in the mountains including the rise of Stelvio Pass, he would retain the advantage until the arrival of Milan, thus winning the Giro.

The 1962 edition of the Giro d’Italia was won by Franco Balmamion. This edition was also marked by severe weather conditions. The fourteenth stage was shortened following a violent storm which prevented the rise of the last two mountain passes, and forced the management of the race to try the finish on top of the Passo Rolle. This stage also saw the of the abandonment of 57 riders, which was rare in cycling. However, it was the sixteenth stage was won by Angelino Soler, King of the Mountains Classification winner in 1962, that was decisive. Franco Balmamion finished second on the stage, just 1 minute 30 behind Soler. Balmamion made a big recovery in the overall standings, would allow him wear the pink jersey the next day and keep it up to Milan.

Franco Balmamion repeated his performance in the Giro, by winning his second Giro next year, thanks to his consistency and cycling talent. However, it was Vito Taccone, who marked the spirits during this 46th edition by being unstoppable in the mountain stages. Taccone won the green jersey by spending in the lead for 12 of 17 mountain passes for points where the King of the Mountains Classification points were distributed. He also won 5 stages, including 4 consecutively.

Jacques Anquetil absent from last year's Giro, in 1963, but he was back in 1964. Anquetil was untouchable by wearing the pink jersey for 18 stages, winning his second Giro d‘Italia.[2] He also won the Tour de France in the same year, completing the rare Giro-Tour double.

The 1965 Giro d'Italia was won by Vittorio Adorni. This victory came during a difficult season for him, he finished second in the Milan-San Remo, the Liège-Bastogne-Liège, and in the Italian National Road Race. He built his victory in the time-trial during the 13th stage along the 58 km (36 mi) route, and won it. This was the first year the Cima Coppi was introduced to the Giro d'Italia, the Cima Coppi is the highest point the Giro d'Italia crosses each year. The first Cima Coppi was the Passo dello Stelvio. The climb was shortened by 800m, because of an avalanche. The first rider to cross the Stelvio was Graziano Battistini.

The edition of 1966, was won by Gianni Motta. This edition was marked by the appearance of the Points Classification, which was also won by Gianni Motta. Motta, thus became the first to achieve a double of that kind. Italo Zilioli finished the Giro for the third consecutive time, in second place. Zilioli never won the Giro.

The 1967 Giro d'Italia was the first of the young Belgian rider, Eddy Merckx. Merckx won the twelfth and fourteenth stages of this edition. Felice Gimondi won the nineteenth stage on the top stage of the Tre Cime di Lavaredo, before Eddy Merckx and Gianni Motta. The stage was canceled because many riders took advantage of repeated supporters, who helped cyclists push up the hill under heavy snowfall. Gimondi, who should have taken the pink jersey at the end of this stage, threatened to quit. However, he continued to race, and won his first of three Giros, after an epic duel with Jacques Anquetil on the Passo del Tonale Passo and dell'Aprica.

1968 – 1979: Merckx, the Cannibal

Except for a few interludes Charly Gaul and Jacques Anquetil, the Giro d’Italia remains a domestic matter. Success by winning five between 1968 and 1974, Eddy Merckx will then give another dimension to the Giro, making almost the equal of the Tour de France champion and inspiring other non-Italian. In 1968, the Cannibal joined the Italian team Faema. His victory was his first victory in a grand tour, announcing a long reign. The following year, he tested positive for a stimulant and was excluded from the race, but the union cyclists federation reversed his sentence. The Belgian returns to its domination in 1970 that approval from three other hits (1972, 1973, 1974). Merckx is the man who spent the most days with the leader's jersey on the shoulders (78).

1980 – 1990: Hinault comes, wins and goes

Bernard Hinault had already won two Tours de France (1978, 1979) and one Vuelta a España (1978) when he appeared on the roads of the Giro for the first time in 1980. His first victory was a masterful one.[2] The Badger took the overall lead at the end of three days and became the equal of Merckx, Gimondi, and Anquetil in winning all three grand tours. The mighty Breton would participate in two more tours of Italy (1982, 1985), each time emerging victorious, and each time making the Giro-Tour double. Andrew Hampsten won the 1988 Giro d'Italia after gaining the lead by braving through horrendous conditions in the fourteenth stage. Hampsten gained the lead and defended it all the way to the Giro's finish to become the first American to win the Giro d'Italia. Laurent Fignon succeeded him in 1989 as the next -- and, to this day, still the last -- French winner of the Giro d’Italia.[2]

Marco Pantani

1991 – 1999: Indurain and the era of the "Pirate"

In the first half of the year 1990 were many duels between Gianni Bugno, Claudio Chiappucci and Franco Chioccioli, but after winning the Tour de France, was the Spaniard Miguel Indurain to dominate the Italian race by winning the time trial stages, specialty in which he was master and defending uphill: so he conquered the speed 1992 and 1993 and in the latter was stumped by Latvian Piotr Ugrumov, which came second in less than a minute. In 1994 the Giro went to Yevgeny Berzin: the Russian took the lead in the fourth stage Campitello Matese and a few days later consolidated the advantage by winning the chronology of Follonica, after the stages for sprinters reached the climbs here are put on display Pantani winning at Merano and to 'Aprica, Berzin, however, sealed the record winning another test against time, he left behind rivals and won the Giro. After the success of Tony Rominger, Tonkov, and Ivan Gotti, the 1998 Giro was the year of the "Pirate" Pantani, who fought and won the Giro and Tonkov Tour de France. In the 1999 Giro Marco Pantani set off as the favorite and managed to get ahead, but just a few steps from the end was stopped after the village of Madonna di Campiglio for values of hematocrit out of the normal ranges. The tour went to Gotti that repeated the success of 1997.

2000 – 2011: Years past

The Giro 2000 took off from Rome to celebrate the Jubilee[clarification needed]. After a first week dedicated to the sprinters, and soon came the first mountains Francesco Casagrande took the pink jersey on 'Abetone unplugging of 1'39"early opponents, including Stefano Garzelli. Casagrande could control the race despite the attacks of Gilberto Simoni and Garzelli, so the race was decided in the penultimate stage time trial of the Sestriere: Garzelli, who should recover 25", delivered at a Tuscan gap of 1'52”and won the Giro. Third Simoni closed.

The year after the race started from Pescara, already the fifth day, on the first climb, a few big were already stayed too long, and the pink jersey went to Dario Frigo. The general led the Varese for nine days, until the stage against dolomite with Marmolada and Pordoi On that day, Simoni pulled out all competitors and took the symbol of leadership, leaving the stage victory to Julio Alberto Perez Cuapio. Fridge then tried to overtake in the time trial Salo, but in vain, then, between 6 and 7 June, here are the searches of NAS to Imperia: Fridge in the room were found performance-enhancing drugs, the cyclist was consequently removed from the race. The stage dell'indomani was canceled, two days after Simoni also won the fraction of Arona thus sealing the ultimate success in the Giro 2001. In 2002 the race started in the Netherlands and walked Germany, Belgium, France and Luxembourg to celebrate the European Union. The protagonist was Garzelli Tour start, but the Varese, in pink from the third day, was found positive to a banned diuretic. The symbol of supremacy passed to German Jens Heppner, which kept him for ten days. A Campitello Matese Simoni won, but he was disqualified for a positive to cocaine, and another big, Casagrande, had to leave the race, punished for misconduct. In the last stage alpine Paolo Savoldelli managed to pull his rival Tyler Hamilton and take the pink jersey at Cadel Evans, which instead slipped out of the Top 10, the last time trial resisted and was able to so celebrate the final victory, the first for him.

The next year, after an opening suitable for sprinters, the Terminillo Garzelli finished a successful stage and the pink jersey. In the village of Faenza went on the attack Simoni, Garzelli able to detach and hand him the symbol of supremacy. The race reached the Alps, on the Zoncolan Simoni broke away and won at all solitary even after imposing all 'Alpe di Pampeago. With the fraction of Toce Falls consolidated the already clear advantage, winning his second tour in three years.

Damiano Cunego

At the start of the 2004 Giro d'Italia, the race paid its respects to Marco Pantani, who had died tragically a few months before. The favorites at the start were Garzelli, Simoni, Yaroslav Popovych who had been on the podium the year before. After the prologue and the first flat stage, Damiano Cunego won the Stage 2 to Pontremoli. The next stage saw Simoni win the stage and with it the pink jersey, which he retained until the Stage 7, when Cunego won in Montevergine di Mercogliano and assumed the overall lead. Cunego managed to keep the shirt during the flat stages until the Stage 13 time trial in Trieste. The stage was won by the Ukrainian time trial specialist Serhij Hončar and the pick jersey transferred to his fellow countryman Popovych, who managed to hold it as the race briefly visited Croatia. On the return to Italy, Cunego to won Stage 16 at Falzes to reclaim the lead in the overall standings. Stages 17, 18 and 19 saw wins for Tonkov, Cunego and Garzelli respectively. In these stages, Cunego increased his lead on Hončar to 2' 02". There was no change in the overall rankings on the final stage into Milan, where Alessandro Petacchi claimed his ninth sprint victory of the Giro. Cunego therefore finished with just over two minutes on Hončar, with Garzelli three seconds behind the Ukrainian. Dario Cioni and Cunego's team mate Simoni finished in 4th and 5th respectively.

After the prologue and the first fractions were Paolo Bettini and Danilo Di Luca to exchange the pink jersey in the early stages. The turning point was there in the stage of Zoldo High when Savoldelli won the village and Ivan Basso temporary leadership. In the thirteenth stage won by Ivan Parra Savoldelli foisted several seconds to Basso and Di Luca also earned several seconds on him thanks to unhealthy eating on the day before. At the stage of Limone Piemonte Low won both the village and Simoni is José Rujano guadagnarano precious seconds on Di Luca and Savoldelli. In the trial of Torino Basso managed to win and retrieve seconds while the whole advantage of Simoni and Rujano had taken in the previous stage was canceled by Savoldelli. At the next stage in Sestriere Rujano took precious seconds on Simoni, Di Luca and Savoldelli and brought his handicap from 3 'to 45 but could not anymore. The tour went to Savoldelli, who won ahead of Simoni and Di Luca Rujano. Hončar podium closed the year before the sixth. Bass did not reach the top 10.

The 2006 Giro d'Italia departed Seraing in Belgium in memory of miners killed in the 1956. The favorites in Seraing were Savoldelli, Di Luca, Cunego, Basso and Simoni. Savoldelli won the prologue, retained the pink jersey but not for long. After the first week Low broke dominating the race: he won the Maielletta and after having maintained the advantage already clear, came behind Jan Ullrich in the time trial of Pontedera increasing the advantage. A La Thuile Bass stood behind Leonardo Piepoli detaching more and more revelation Spanish José Enrique Gutiérrez and Savoldelli. A Trent Bass sealed its record by winning the stage ahead of Simoni and Piepoli and increasing the gap between himself and rivals in the standings. In the next village Low left the stage victory in Piepoli constantly increasing his lead over Gutierrez. In the nineteenth fraction Jens Voigt, Low-mate, left the victory to his companion to escape Juan Manuel Gárate, after being at the wheel all day. At the stage of 'Aprica Simoni and Cunego held the wheel of Basso in the final they broke away and went on to win solo. That victory, however, unleashed the fury of Gilberto Simoni, who, after remaining with him on the Mortirolo, Basso said that she would ask him to wait on the way down. Basso won the Giro so by 2006, ruling by almost 10 'of Gutiérrez, 12' of Simoni and Savoldelli and Cunego more detached.

Sixteen years later, he departed again from Sardinia, with a team time trial from Caprera in La Maddalena, to commemorate the 200 years since the birth of Garibaldi. After an exchange of leadership in the early stages with Enrico Gasparotto and Di Luca was Marco Pinotti to gain the supremacy. Fell to the eleventh stage Andrea Noah wear the pink jersey which he held for little: a Briançon Di Luca won took home the jersey. After some localities it is noted Eddy Mazzoleni, which seeks to undermine Di Luca together with a young Luxembourg that will prove to be a great talent, Andy Schleck. The turning point came on as expected Monte Zoncolan: Simoni wins by beating the companion Piepoli and Schleck who earns on Di Luca and Mazzoleni. In practice, the Giro Di Luca finished there decreeing sample before Schleck, Mazzoleni, Simoni, Cunego, and Riccardo Riccò.

The Giro started by Sicily. Christian Vande Velde, Pellizotti and Giovanni Visconti are stalked in the first week in the league tables. Here come the uphill stages, and is Emanuele Sella, surprisingly, to get success at Pass Pampeago and Fedaia. Despite attacks Pellizotti, Simoni, Sella and especially dell'agguerito Riccò, Contador defends himself in the uphill stages managing to keep a minimal advantage to the final time trial when tears literally Riccò that 4 seconds is found to have almost 2 minutes disadvantage. Marzio Bruseghin uses the stopwatch to keep the third place of Pellizotti, Denis Menchov, Sella, Simoni and Di Luca eighth-tenth.

Ivan Basso two time winner of the Giro (2006 and 2010)

The edition 2009 is the Centennial, which sees the departure of Venice and the arrival of race in pink Rome. After the team time trial and the first two stages in the plains, in the fourth stage shows up Di Luca wins the fraction of San Martino di Castrozza and Denis Menchov wins to 'Seiser Alm. Di Luca retains pink jersey in the flat stages and Pinerolo increases the gap by taking home his rival wins the stage. In the trial of Riomaggiore Menchov is to prevail: it recovers the gap of 1'20 and also earns about thirty seconds from Di Luca, who is now also hunted by Levi Leipheimer. On Monte Petrano Menchov and Di Luca will do battle with the Russian who manages to earn some money with rebates. Luke's comeback secondment and leads to less than 20 seconds until the clock Rome when the Tsar (although it is also dropped) it detaches and wins his first Giro. Behind them Pellizotti, Carlos Sastre, Basso, Leipheimer and Garzelli. The ranking is then rewritten by the courts because of disqualification for doping Di Luca, the first and then Pellizzotti. In second place Spaniard Carlos Sastre rooms and halls on the third (fifth) Ivan Basso.

It started in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The favorites for the podium were Bradley Wiggins, Ivan Basso, Cadel Evans, Aleksandr Vinokurov, Carlos Sastre and Stefano Garzelli. In the prologue, Wiggins has the best prevailing mainly on rival Evans. In the next village, leaving the Dutch Wiggins falls top right to Evans who will lose the next day against Vinokurov. After the team time trial (lost by the Sky, the team of Wiggins, a hole) becomes Vincenzo Nibali, Low wingman, called at the last minute to do the Giro, the new leader of race. At the stage of Montalcino Vinokurov takes the pink jersey and holds up to 'Eagle come to life when it leaves an escape dustbin of 52 runners, including some of the best climbers, including Richie Porte, Runner Saxo Bank, which is leading the race.

On Monte Grappa Nibali all off and goes to take a well deserved victory and the pink jersey goes to David Arroyo (also in the escape drum) runner with good climbing ability. Arroyo resists Low Zoncolan after the time trial on the Plan de Corones but must give the shirt to Bass after the village to 'Aprica where the trio Nibali-Arroyo-Basso off the rest of the group and goes to fly away with a good advantage over rivals. The last stage in the ascent, was won by Johann Tschopp, and the final time trial will further increase the advantage between Basso and Arroyo. Nibali concludes the third, fourth Scarponi takes behind Evans, Vinokurov, Doors and Sastre. Pinotti concluded a very able and ninth minion of Liquigas-Doimo, Robert Kiserlovski can into the top 10.

The tour of the 150 years of unity of Italy, characterized by great climbs and a few stages for sprinters, starts from Venaria Reale in Turin with a team time trial won by HTC-Highroad, which delivers leadership Marco Pinotti, with favorites, Alberto Contador, Vincenzo Nibali, Denis Menchov, Roman Kreuziger, who do not lose particular soil from each other. The 3rd stage disrupts the race to the death downhill to Rapallo Wouter Weylandt, rider of Leopard-Trek, which is why the day after the stage was neutralized with, for the record, Millar pink jersey. This led to the first uphill finish in Montevergine di Mercogliano the 7th stage, the triumphant Belgian Bart De Clercq Scarponi and Kreuziger of the governing group. Contador start earning his lead again on the breakout of Tropea (8th stage) for sprinters on the paper, continuing the next day on Mount Etna, where he remained planted boots in an attempt to react to the release of the Spanish that is to triumph after arrival the only José Rujano, surprise of the race, with Nibali and other favorites at 50.”At the end of the second week Contador gives the finishing stroke to the first race with a click on the Grossglockner (13th stage), rectum still the only Rujano then stage winner, breaking the top group, with a second on the Zoncolan (14th stage reduced by eliminating the Crostis for alleged dangerousness), this time content from Nibali gaining on all the big names, and finally also on Gardeccia (15th stage), where he hit only boots.

Michele Scarponi, the new winner

The time trial of the Spanish Nevegal sees further extend the order of Nibali and boots, as well as the arrival at Sestriere, the penultimate stage, which confirms the overall standings. The triumph in Milan is crowned by the final time trial, which also sees the duel between Scarponi and Nibali for second place, won by the first (6'10”), followed in rank by John Gadret, Joaquim Rodriguez, Kreuziger, Rujano, Menchov, Steven Kruijswijk and Siŭcoŭ Bottom. After the disqualification of Contador for doping the second place finisher, Michele Scarponi, was proclaimed the winner.

Ryder Hesjedal from Victoria, British Columbia became the first Canadian winner of any Grand Tour event[63] with his 16 second victory over Joaquim Rodriguez of Spain. His victory was achieved on the final day of the race --only the second time this has been accomplished-- in the time trial in Milan, when he overcame Rodriguez's lead of 31 seconds. The 2012 Giro began in Herning, Denmark, with a TT and two flat stages that saw American Taylor Phinney in the Maglia Rosa. The race moved to Turin for the team time trial, in which Garmin-Barracuda notched its first victory, placing Lithuanian rider Ramunas Navardauskas in the pink jersey. On stage 7 into Rocca di Cambio, a short uphill finish, Paolo Tiralongo of Astana took the stage, but a well placed Hesjedal took over the GC lead, holding it for four days, until Rodriguez took the lead on the uphill finish of stage 10 into Assisi. Four days later, the first day in the mountains, Hesjedal would take it back with a late attack into Cervinia, only to have Rodriguez take the lead by 30 seconds the following day, with a dramatic finish in Lecco. Rodriguez would take a stage into Cortina d'Ampezzo several days later, but Hesjedal, Ivan Basso and Michele Scarponi would be close behind, neutralizing the Spaniard's advantage. Two days later, stage 19, finishing at Alpe di Pampeago/Valle di Femme, Roman Kreuziger would take the stage, but an attacking Hesjedal would drop first Basso and Rodriguez, then Scarponi on the final kilometer of the stage, narrowing the lead to 17 seconds. The following day, the Queen Stage, including the Mortirolo climb and the Passo dell Stelvio, Belgian Thomas de Gendt would go on a long solo attack, overcoming several minutes' deficit and throwing the race into chaos. Hesjedal would be left to lead the charge and save his chance at the GC win, clawing back de Gendt's advantage on the slopes of the Stelvio. De Gendt would carry the stage, and Rodriguez would take a few seconds back from Hesjedal in the final km, but the margin of 31 seconds would be too small for the Spaniard. Hesjedal's superior time trialling ability would carry the day and the race, in its final kilometers in Milan the following day.

Classifications

The maglia rosa from the 88th edition of the race in 2005.

A few riders from each to aim to win overall but there are three further competitions to draw riders of all specialties: points,[13] mountains,[13] and a classification for young riders with general classification aspirations.[13] The oldest of the the four classifications is the general classification.[13][1] The leader of each aforementioned classifications wears a distinctive jersey.[13] If a rider leads more than one classification that awards, he wears the jersey of the most prestigious classification.[13] The abandoned jersey is worn by the rider who is second in the competition.

General classification

Main article: General classification in the Giro d'Italia
A pink jersey.

The most sought after classification in the Giro d'Italia is the general classification.[1] All of the stages are timed to the finish, after finishing the riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times; so the rider with the lowest aggregate time is the leader of the race.[1][13] The leader is determined after each stage's conclusion. The leader of the race also has the privilege to wear the race leader's pink jersey.[1][13] The jersey is presented to the leader rider on a podium in the stage's finishing town. If a rider is leading more than one classification that awards a jersey, he will wear the maglia rosa since the general classification is the most important one in the race. The lead can change after each stage. The winner of the 2012 Giro d'Italia was Ryder Hesjedal.[64]

The color pink was chosen as the magazine that created the Giro, La Gazzetta dello Sport, printed its newspapers on pink paper.[13][15] The pink jersey was added to the race in the 1931 edition and it has since become a symbol of the Giro d'Italia.[1][15] The first rider to wear the pink jersey was Learco Guerra.[1][15] Each team brings multiple pink jersey's in advance of the Giro in case one of their riders becomes the overall leader of the race. Rider's usually try to make the extra effort to keep the jersey for as long as possible in order to get more publicity for the team and the sponsor(s) of the team. Eddy Merckx has worn the pink jersey for 77 stages, which is more than any other rider in the history of the Giro d'Italia.

Ryder Hesjedal, the winner of the 2012 Giro d'Italia, wearing the maglia rosa and holding the winner's trophy in Milan.

These are the time bonuses that the riders receive for crossing the lines in the first few positions:

Type 1st 2nd 3rd
F lat finish 20" 12" 8"
Intermediate Sprint 6" 4" 2"

Three riders have won the Giro d'Italia five times in their career's:[65]

Five riders have won the Giro d'Italia three times:[65]

Seven riders have won the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia in the same year:[66]

Two riders have won the Triple Crown (the Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia and the World Championship, all in the same year):[66]

Mountains classification

Main article: Mountains classification in the Giro d'Italia
A blue jersey.

The mountains classification is the second oldest jersey awarding classification in the Giro d'Italia. The mountains classification was added to the Giro d'Italia in 1933 Giro d'Italia and was first won by Alfredo Binda.[15][41] During mountain stages of the race, points are awarded to the rider who is first to reach the top of each significant climb.[15] Points are also awarded for riders who closely follow the leader up each climb.[15] The number of points awarded varies according to the hill classification, which is determined by the steepness and length of that particular hill.[15][13] The climbers' jersey is worn by the rider who, at the start of each stage, has the largest amount of climbing points.[15] If a rider leads two or more of the categories, the climbers' jersey is worn by the rider in second, or third, place in that contest.[13] At the end of the Giro, the rider holding the most climbing points wins the classification.[13] In fact, some riders, particularly those who are neither sprinters nor particularly good at time-trialing, may attempt only to win this particular competition within the race. The Giro has three categories of mountains. They range from category 4, the easiest, to category 1, the hardest. There is also the Cima Coppi, the highest point reached in a particular Giro, which is worth more points than the race's other first-category climbs.[13]

The classification awarded no jersey to the leader until the 1974 Giro d'Italia.[15] From 1974 to 2011 the green jersey was given to the leader of the mountains classification. In 2012 the jersey color changed from green to blue as the classification's sponsor, Banca Mediolanum, renewed its sponsorship for another four years.[67] Matteo Rabottini won the first blue jersey at the 2012.[68]

The point distribution for the mountains is as follows:

Type 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Cima Coppi 21 15 9 5 3 2 1
GPM Arrival 15 9 5 3 2 1
First Category 15 9 5 3 2 1
Second Category 9 5 3 2 1
Third Category 5 3 2 1
Fourth Category 3 2 1

One rider has won the classification seven times:[65]

One rider has won the classification four time:[65]

Points classification

Main article: Points classification in the Giro d'Italia
A red jersey.

The points classification is the third oldest of the four jersey current awarding classifications in the Giro d'Italia. It was introduced in the 1966 Giro d'Italia and was first won by Gianni Motta.[15][69] Points are given to the rider who is first to reach the end of, or determined places during, any stage of the Giro. The red jersey is worn by the rider who at the start of each stage, has the largest amount of points.[15] The rider whom at the end of the Giro, holds the most points, wins the points competition. Each stage win, regardless of the stage's categorization, awards 25 points, second place is worth 20 points, third 16, fourth 14, fifth 12, sixth 10, and one point less per place down the line, to a single point for fifteenth. The classification was added to draw the participation of the sprinters. This means that a true sprinter might not always win the points classification.The classification was added to draw the participation of the sprinters. The 2012 winner of the classification was Joaquim Rodríguez.[70]

In addition, stages can have one or more intermediate sprints: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points are awarded to the first three cyclists passing these lines. These points also count toward the TV classification (Traguardo Volante, or "flying sprint"), a separate award.

The first year the points classification was used, it had no jersey that was given to the leader of the classification. In the 1967 Giro d'Italia, the red jersey was added for the leader of the classification.[15] However, in 1969 the red jersey was changed to a cyclamen (purple) colored jersey.[15][13] It remained that color until 2010 when the organizers chose to change the jersey back to the color red; in a return to the original color scheme for the three minor classifications, which reflected the colors of the Italian flag.[71]

The point distribution for the sprints are as follows:

Type 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
Finish/Time Trial 25 20 16 14 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Intermediate sprint 5 4 3 2 1 1*
  • The sixth sprint cyclist who comes to a point only if it receives at the end of the stage were at least 20 cyclists have taken points.

One rider has won the classification four times:[65]

One rider has won the classification three times:[65]

Young rider classification

Main article: Young rider classification in the Giro d'Italia
A white jersey.

The Young rider classification is restricted to the riders that are under the age of 25.[13][72] The leader of the classification is determined the same way as the general classification, with the riders' times being added up after each stage and the eligible rider with lowest aggregate time is dubbed the leader.[13][72] Like all of the jerseys, the jersey is awarded to the leader of the classification after each stage in that stage's finishing town. This classification was added to the Giro d'Italia in the 1976 edition.[72] The first rider to win the classification was Alfio Vandi,[72] who placed seventh overall in the Giro d'Italia that year. The classification was not contested between the years of 1995 and 2006.[13] The classificatoin was reintroduced in the 2007, and has been in each Giro since.[13][72] Like the Young rider classification in the Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia awards a white jersey to the leader of the race.[72] Evgeni Berzin is the only rider in the history of the Giro d'Italia to win the young rider classification and the general classification in the same year; Berzin won both classifications in 1994.[72] In 2012 it was won by Rigoberto Urán.[73]

Two riders have won this classification two times:[65]

Historical jerseys

In 1946 the maglia nera (black jersey) was introduced and awarded the cyclist who was last in the general classification.[56] Riders sometimes deliberately wasted time in order to become last overall and so wear the black jersey.[56] The classification was short lived, as it was last contested in the 1951 Giro d'Italia.[56] The classification was won twice by Luigi Malabrocca, who won the classification in 1946 and 1947. The last winner of the maglia nera was Giovanni Pinarello.

The intergiro classification was introduced in 1989.[15][74] In each stage there would be a point, before the finish, where the riders would be timed until they crossed the line.[15] The times from each stage would then be added together for each rider to determine the leader of the classification. The leader of the classification was awarded a blue jersey.[75] The classification was run each year since its addition until 2005.[74] The last winner of the classification was Stefano Zanini. Fabrizio Guidi won the classification three times, the most by any rider. Guidi won the classification in 1996, 1999, and 2000.[74]

There was also a combination classification that was introduced in the 1985 Giro d'Italia and was first won by Urs Freuler.[76] The classification was discontinued after the 1988 Giro d'Italia. For the 1988 edition of the Giro, the classification awarded a blue jersey.[77][78] However, the classification was reintroduced for the 2006 Giro d'Italia and was won by Paolo Savoldelli.[79] The classification was not brought back in the 2007 Giro d'Italia.

Types of Stages

See also: Stage (bicycle race)
The peloton in stage 7 of the 2012 edition of the Giro.

Mass-start stages

Riders in most stages start together. The first kilometers are a rolling start without racing. The real start is announced by the Giro director waving a flag. Once the flag is waved there are usually attacks by the riders to form a breakaway.

Riders are permitted to touch, but not push or nudge, each other. The first to cross the line wins. On flat stages or stages with low hills, which generally predominate in the first week, this leads to spectacular mass sprints.

All riders in a group finish in the same time as the lead rider. This avoids dangerous mass sprints. It is not unusual for the entire field to finish in a group, taking time to cross the line but being credited with the same time. When riders fall or crash within the final 3 kilometers of a stage with a flat finish, they are awarded the same time as the group they were in before they crashed. This change encourages riders to sprint to the finish for points awards without fear of losing time to the group. The final kilometer has been indicated since 1906 by a red triangle – the flamme rouge.

Time bonuses were awarded in the Giro for finishing high in the stages, in the first three positions.

Stages in the mountains often cause major shifts in the general classification. On ordinary stages, most riders can stay in the peloton to the finish; during mountain stages, it is not uncommon for riders to lose 30 minutes or to be eliminated after finishing outside the time limit.

Alberto Contador riding a time trial during the 2008 Giro d'Italia.

Individual time trials

See also: Individual time trial and Time trialist

Riders in a time trial compete individually against the clock.[80][81] If the first stage of the Giro is a time trial, then order is determined by a draw to establish the team's sequence.[81] Once the team's order is chosen, then the teams can choose the starting order.[81] If the incumbent winner of the Giro d'Italia is participation, he will start last.[81] The riders are given staggered start times between one and three minutes.[81] Once the first stage has been run and the general classification standing has been established, the riders' start order is determined by the inverse standings of the general classification, with the highest ranked person going last and the lowest ranked person going first.[81] The first time trial was in the 1933 Giro d'Italia; it was between Bologna and Ferrara, and stretched 62 km (39 mi).[41] The first time trial was won by Alfredo Binda.[41] The first stage in modern Giros is often a short trial, a prologue, to decide who wears pink on the opening day. To be classified as a prologue, the time trial must be shorter than 8 km (5 mi) in length.

There are usually two or three time trials. One may be a team time trial. The final time trial has sometimes been the final stage, more recently often the penultimate stage.

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Team time trial

See also: Team time trial

A team time trial (TTT) is a race against the clock in which each team rides alone.[80] The order for the team time trial is determined by the inversed order of the team classification, except for the race leader's team who is always the last to start.[81] The teams' start times are staggered by five minutes.[80][81] The riders work together in the team time trial by taking turns at the front, to lift the pace and break the wind for their teammates to save them energy.[80] The time is that of the fifth rider of each team: riders more than a bike-length behind their team's fifth rider are awarded their own times.[80][81] The TTT has been criticized for favoring strong teams and handicapping strong riders in weak teams. The most recent team time trial in the Giro was in the 2012 edition, which was won by You have called {{Contentious topics}}. You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:

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Miscellaneous

The team time trial has been used often in the Giro d'Italia, in fact it has been used 20 times in the history of the Giro.[83][84] The first team time trial was in the 1937 Giro d'Italia, it was 60 km (37 mi) in length and stretched from Viareggio to Marina di Massa.[85][86] It was won by the Italian team, Legnano.[85][86][84]

The Start and Finish of the Giro

For nearly half a century, the Giro started and finished by Milan, the city where the headquarters of the Gazzetta dello Sport were located.[11][12] With occasional exceptions, this was the rule until 1960. Since then, the place of departure has been changed each year. Some years (1965, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1973, 1975, 1981–1989) the finish was also changed, but in 1990 the traditional finish in Milan was restored.

In 2009, to commemorate the centennial of the event, the finish took place in Rome.[87] The capital had already been the location of the final round of the 1911 and 1950. The 2010 edition ended in Verona, as happened in the 1981 and 1984 editions.

The tour takes place mainly in Italy, but some stages have departure or conclusion locations in other countries, especially in neighbouring countries such as San Marino, France, Monaco, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia.[88][89] Some stages have been held in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany (2002 and 2006), and Greece (1996).[88]

The 2012 edition of the Giro started in Denmark, with stages in Herning and Horsens.[90][88]

Starts Outside of Italy

Year Country[88][89][91] City
1965 San Marino San Marino
1966 Monaco Monaco Monte Carlo
1973 Belgium Belgium Verviers
1974 Vatican City Vatican City
1996 Greece Greece Athens
1998 France France Nice
2002 Netherlands Netherlands Groningen
2006 Belgium Belgium Seraing
2010 Netherlands Netherlands Amsterdam
2012 Denmark Denmark Herning

Statistics

Multiple Winners

Main article: List of Giro d'Italia general classification winners
Cyclist[92] Total Years
 Alfredo Binda (ITA) 5 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1933
 Fausto Coppi (ITA) 5 1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953
 Eddy Merckx (BEL) 5 1968, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974
 Giovanni Brunero (ITA) 3 1921, 1922, 1926
 Gino Bartali (ITA) 3 1936, 1937, 1946
 Fiorenzo Magni (ITA) 3 1948, 1951, 1955
 Felice Gimondi (ITA) 3 1967, 1969, 1976
 Bernard Hinault (FRA) 3 1980, 1982, 1985
 Carlo Galetti (ITA) 2 1910, 1911
 Costante Girardengo (ITA) 2 1919, 1923
 Giovanni Valetti (ITA) 2 1938, 1939
 Charly Gaul (LUX) 2 1956, 1959
 Jacques Anquetil (FRA) 2 1960, 1964
 Franco Balmamion (ITA) 2 1962, 1963
 Giuseppe Saronni (ITA) 2 1979, 1983
 Miguel Indurain (ESP) 2 1992, 1993
 Ivan Gotti (ITA) 2 1997, 1999
 Gilberto Simoni (ITA) 2 2001, 2003
 Paolo Savoldelli (ITA) 2 2002, 2005
 Ivan Basso (ITA) 2 2006, 2010

Winners by Country

Country[92] Victories First title Last title
 Italy 67 1909 2011
 Belgium 7 1968 1978
 France 6 1960 1989
  Switzerland 3 1950 1995
 Russia 3 1994 2009
 Spain 3 1992 2008
 Luxembourg 2 1956 1959
 Sweden 1 1971 1971
 Ireland 1 1987 1987
 USA 1 1988 1988
 Canada 1 2012 2012

Stage wins

Rank Rider Wins[93][92]
1  Mario Cipollini (ITA) 42
2  Alfredo Binda (ITA) 41
3  Learco Guerra (ITA) 31
4  Costante Girardengo (ITA) 30
5  Eddy Merckx (BEL) 25
6  Giuseppe Saronni (ITA) 24
7  Francesco Moser (ITA) 23
8  Fausto Coppi (ITA) 22
 Alessandro Petacchi (ITA) 22
 Roger De Vlaeminck (BEL) 22
11  Franco Bitossi (ITA) 21
12  Giuseppe Olmo (ITA) 20
 Miguel Poblet (ESP) 20
14  Gino Bartali (ITA) 17
15  Guido Bontempi (ITA) 16
16  Marino Basso (ITA) 15
 Raffaele Di Paco (ITA) 15
 Urs Freuler (SUI) 15
 Rik Van Steenbergen (BEL) 15
20  Moreno Argentin (ITA) 13
21  Rik Van Looy (BEL) 12
 Robbie McEwen (AUS) 12
23  Charly Gaul (LUX) 11
 Michele Dancelli (ITA) 11
 Vittorio Adorni (ITA) 11
26  Mark Cavendish (GBR) 10

Stage towns

Some cities and towns have hosted 25 or more stage starts and finishes:[92]

Records

Main article: Giro d'Italia records and statistics

Here are a list of some of the records that stand in the Giro:[92][94]

  • Most days in the maglia rosa: 77 by Eddy Merckx
  • Most stage victories in one Giro d'Italia: 12 by Alfredo Binda in 1927
  • Most consecutive stage victories: 8 by Alfredo Binda in the 1929 Giro d'Italia
  • Smallest margin of victory: Fiorenzo Magni wins by 11 seconds over Ezio Cecchi in 1948
  • Longest Giro d'Italia: 4,337 km (2,695 mi) in 1954
  • Shortest Giro d'Italia: 2,245 km (1,395 mi) in 1909
  • Fewest Competitors in one Giro d'Italia: 56 riders in 1912
  • Most Competitors in one Giro d'Italia: 298 riders in 1928
  • Fewest Finishers in one Giro d'Italia: 8 people finished in 1914
  • Longest Breakaway: 222 km by Antonio Menendez in 1976
  • Fastest Speed by Stage Winner: 126 km (78 mi) average 49 KPH by Miltono Ernesto Pridemore in 1981
  • Youngest Rider to win the Giro d'Italia: Fausto Coppi in 1940 he was 20 years, 8 months and 25 days old
  • Oldest Rider to win the Giro d'Italia: Fiorenzo Magni in 1955 he was 35 years old
  • Youngest Rider to win a stage at the Giro d'Italia: Olimpio Bizzi in 1936 he was 19 years and 299 days old
  • Oldest Rider to win a stage at the Giro d'Italia: Giovanni Rossignoli in 1920 he was 37 years old and 186 days old
  • Shortest Road Stage: 55 km (34 mi) in 2002
  • Shortest Time Trial Stage: 1.15 km (1 mi) in 2005
  • Most times on the podium: Felice Gimondi 3 wins, 2-time second placed; 4-time third placed

See also

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