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Gay bar

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This article is about the type of bar. For the song by Electric Six, see Gay Bar (song).
File:Stonewall Inn 1969.jpg
The historic Stonewall Inn in New York City was the site of the famous Stonewall riots of 1969, which have come to symbolize the beginning of the modern gay liberation movement in the United States. Shown here in 1969, it has since been remodeled.

A gay bar is a drinking establishment that caters to an exclusively or predominantly lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) clientele; the term gay is used as a broadly inclusive concept for LGBT and queer communities. Gay bars once served as the centre of gay culture and were one of the few places people with same-sex orientations and gender-variant identities could openly socialize. Other names used to describe these establishments include boy bar, girl bar, gay club, gay pub, queer bar, lesbian bar, and dyke bar, depending on the niche communities that they served. With the advent of Internet social networking services and an increasing acceptance of LGBT people across the Western world, the relevance of gay bars in the LGBT community has somewhat diminished.[1] In areas without a gay bar, certain establishments may hold a gay night.

Background

The interior of a gay bar in Tel Aviv, Israel, which contains a dance floor and music.

Like most bars and pubs, gay bars range in size from the small, five-seat bars of Tokyo to large, multi-story clubs with several distinct areas and more than one dance floor. A large venue may be referred to as a nightclub, club, or bar, while smaller venues are typically called bars and sometimes pubs. The only defining characteristic of a gay bar is the nature of its clientele. While many gay bars target the gay and/or lesbian communities, some (usually older and firmly established) gay bars have become gay, as it were, through custom, over a long period of time.

The serving of alcohol is the primary business of gay bars and pubs. Like non-gay establishments they serve as a meeting place and LGBT community focal point, in which conversation, relaxation, and meeting potential romantic and sexual partners is the primary focus of the clientele. Historically and continuing in many communities, gay bars have been valued by patrons as the singular place closeted gay men and lesbians can be open and demonstrative about their sexuality without fear of discovery.

Gay bars traditionally preferred to remain discreet and virtually unidentifiable outside the gay community, relying exclusively on word of mouth promotion. More recently gay clubs and events are often advertised by handing out eye-catching flyers on the street, in gay or gay-friendly shops and venues, and at other clubs and events. Similar to flyers for predominantly heterosexual venues, these flyers frequently feature provocative images and theme party announcements.

While traditional gay pub-like bars are nearly identical to bars catering to the general public, gay dance venues often feature elaborate lighting design and video projection, fog machines and raised dancing platforms. Hired dancers (called go-go girls or go-go boys) may also feature in decorative cages or on podiums. Gay sports bars are relatively unusual, but it is not unusual for gay bars to sponsor teams in local sports/game leagues, and many otherwise traditional gay pubs are well known for hosting post-game parties—often filling with local gay athletes and their fans on specific nights or when major professional sporting events are broadcast on TV. Some of the longest established gay bars are unofficial hosts of elaborate local 'Royal Court' drag pageants and drag-related social groups.

Gay bars and nightclubs are sometimes segregated by sex. In some establishments, people who are perceived to be of the "wrong" sex (for example, a man attempting to enter a women's club) may be unwelcome or even barred from entry. This may be more common in specialty bars, such as gay male leather fetish or BDSM bars, or bars or clubs which have a strict dress code. It is also common in bars and clubs where sex on the premises is a primary focus of the establishment. On the other hand, gay bars are usually welcoming of transgender and cross-dressed people, and drag shows are a common feature in many gay bars, even men-only spaces.

Some gay bars and clubs which have a predominantly male clientele, as well as some gay bathhouses and other sex clubs, may offer occasional women-only nights.

A few gay bars attempt to restrict entry to only gay or lesbian people, but in practice this is difficult to enforce. Most famously, Melbourne's Peel Hotel was granted an exemption from Australia's Equal Opportunities Act by a state tribunal, on the grounds that the exemption was needed to prevent "sexually-based insults and violence" aimed at the pub's patrons. As a result of the decision, the pub is legally able to advertise as a "gay only" establishment, and door staff can ask people whether they are gay before allowing them inside, and can turn away non-gay people.[2]

Already categorized as gay or lesbian, many gay bars in larger cities/urban areas take this sub-categorization a step further by appealing to distinct subcultures within the gay community. Some of these sub-cultures are defined by costume and performance. These bars often forge a like-minded community in dozens of cities with leather gay bars, line-dancing gay bars, and drag revues. Other subcultures cater to men who fit a certain type, one that is often defined by age, body type, personality, and musical preference. There are some bars and clubs that cater more to a working class/blue collar crowd and some that cater to a more upscale clientele. There are gay bars that cater to "twinks" (young, smooth-bodied pretty boys) and others that cater to bears (older, larger, hairier, and generally more good-humored alternatives to the well-manicured and fey gay stereotype). There are also gay bars that cater to certain races, such as ones for Asian men "and their admirers", Latin men, or black men.[3]

History

Gathering places favoured by homosexuals have operated for centuries. An early use of the term 'gay bar' is recorded in the diaries of homosexual British comedian Kenneth Williams: "16 January 1947. Went round to the gay bar which wasn't in the least gay."[4] At the time Williams was serving in the British Army in Singapore.

The White Swan (created by James Cook and Yardley, full name unknown), on Vere Street, in London, England, was raided in 1810 during the so-called Vere Street Coterie. The raid led to the executions of Keith Mangum and Constanza Beucheat for sodomy. The site was frequently the scene of gay marriages carried out by the Reverend John Church.[5]

Het Mandje, on Zeedijk 63 in the historic heart of Amsterdam, Netherlands was opened in 1927 by lesbian Bet van Beeren. After her death in 1967, her sister Greet continued the business until it closed in 1982, but the bar and its entire interior was preserved by her ever since and could be visited upon request. Just before her death in August 2007, she took the initiative to have the bar reopened. The bar has been open under management of her daughter Diana since Queen's Day 30 April 2008.

Centralhjornet in Copenhagen opened more than 80 years ago. http://www.patroc.com/copenhagen/

The Black Cat Bar in San Francisco was the focus of one of the earliest victories of the homophile movement. In 1951 the California Supreme Court affirmed the right of homosexuals to assemble in a case brought by the heterosexual owner of the bar.

In New York City, the modern gay bar dates to Julius Bar, founded by local socialite Matthew Nicol, where the Mattachine Society staged a "Sip-In" on 21 April 1966 challenging a New York State Liquor Authority rule prohibited serving alcohol to gays on the basis that they were considered disorderly. The court ruling in the case that gays could peacefully assemble at bars would lead to the opening of the Stonewall Inn a block southwest in 1967 which in turn led to the 1969 Stonewall Riots. Julius is New York City's oldest continuously operating gay bar and is possibly the oldest continuously operating gay bar in the world.[6] But there is the gay bar which opened in Tokyo in 1966.[7]

The Double Header in Seattle's Pioneer Square is acknowledged as the oldest gay bar on the North American West Coast, operating since 1933.[8]

A number of commentators have suggested that gay bars are facing decline in the contemporary age. Andrew Sullivan argued in his influential essay "The End of Gay Culture" that gay bars are declining because "the Internet dealt them a body-blow. If you are merely looking for sex or a date, the Web is now the first stop for most gay men".[9] June Thomas explained the decline by noting that there is less need for gay-specific venues like bars because gay people are less likely to encounter discrimination or be made unwelcome in wider society.[10] Entrepreneur magazine listed them on a list of ten types of business that would be extinct by 2017 along with record stores, used bookstores and newspapers.[11]

Music

Music, either live or, more commonly, mixed by a DJ or DJs, is often a prominent feature of gay bars. Typically, the music in gay bars include pop, dance, contemporary R&B, house, trance, and techno. In larger North American cities and in Australia, one or more gay bars with a country music theme and line dancing are also common, as are bars known for retro 60's pop and "Motown Sound."

Notable gay bars

Cafe Odeon, in Zürich, Switzerland where Albert Einstein was a regular patron.[12]

Canada

Denmark

Ireland

Israel

Japan

In modern, gay bars appeared in 1925 the first year of Showa. In Japan, there was a Kagemachaya (ja) already in the Genroku period. In modern, gay bars appeared in 1925. After the war, Yanagi (ja) was opened in Shinbashi in 1945.　New Sazae is Tokyo's oldest continuously operating gay bar.[7]

Thailand

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

See also

  • Lloyd G. Davies, Los Angeles City Council member, 1943–51, fought against "undesirable" bars in Hollywood, California

References

  1. ^ Geoff Williams (19 September 2007). "10 Businesses Facing Extinction in 10 Years". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  2. ^ "Australian gay bar can ban straights". The Advocate. Associated Press. 30 May 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  3. ^ "Night. Life". Gay Bar Culture. 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-26. [dead link]
  4. ^ The Kenneth Williams Diaries edited by Russell Davies, 1993, 8.
  5. ^ Caryn E. Neumann (17 June 2007). "The Vere Street Coterie". Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  6. ^ Scott Simon (28 June 2008). "Remembering a 1966 'Sip-In' for Gay Rights". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  7. ^ a b In 1966 (昭和41), There is the continuously operating gay bar "New Sazae" which opened in Tokyo, Shinjuku Ni-chōme. 8 December 2007 ja:出没!アド街ック天国 Shinjuku Ni-chōme.[1]
  8. ^ Kery Murakami (Saturday, June 23, 2007). "No longer at the center of Seattle's gay scene, bar still serving outsiders". The SeattlePI. Retrieved 1 January 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Sullivan, Andrew (4 October 2005). "The End of Gay Culture". The New Republic. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  10. ^ Thomas, June (27 June 2011). "The Gay Bar: is it dying". Slate. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  11. ^ Williams, Geoff (19 September 2007). "10 Businesses Facing Extinction in 10 Years". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  12. ^ John J. Simon (May 2005). "Albert Einstein, radical: a political profile". Monthly Review. Vol. 51, no. 1. Retrieved 15 May 2012.

Further reading

  • Cante, Richard C. (2009). Gay Men and the Forms of Contemporary US Culture. London: Ashgate Publishing. OCLC 173218594.
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