Jump to content

Snoop Dogg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by EJBanks (talk | contribs) at 04:47, 2 January 2007. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Snoop Dogg

Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr. (born October 20, 1971, in Long Beach, California), better known as Snoop Dogg (or earlier in his career as Snoop Doggy Dogg), is an American rapper, record producer and actor. Snoop is best known for smoking pot all the time like on the Showtime show "Weeds "as an MC in the West Coast hip hop scene, and for being one of producer Dr. Dre's most notable protégés. His catch phrase is widely known as "Fo' shizzle, ma nizzle", meaning, "Fo' sho', ma nigga", which is a slang invented by Frankie Smith and The Gap Band in the early eighties, and popularized in part by fellow rapper E-40,[1] much of which is simply derived by adding an "izz" or "-izzle" sound to the word.

His mother nicknamed him "Snoopy" as a child because he would watch Charlie Brown cartoons often, and he took the stage name Snoop Doggy Dogg when he began recording. He changed his name to Snoop Dogg in 1996, when he left his original record label Death Row Records and signed with No Limit Records. Several of his cousins also became hip hop artists and Aftermath collaborators, including RBX, Nate Dogg, Daz Dillinger, and Joe Cool. R&B singers Ray J and Brandy are also his cousins and he recently released "Smokin trees" with Ray J and a duet with Brandy was pre-recorded for Tha Blue Carpet Treatment, but wasn't part of the album.[1]

According to Soundscan he has sold over 17.6 million albumsizzle in the US from the establishment of Soundscan (1991) to January 2006. According to Billboard he has sold 12 million certified units in the U.S. (only counting Gold and Platinum albums).

Biography

Early years

File:Snoop graduation photo.jpg
Snoop Dogg's high school photograph.

Snoop attended Long Beach Polytechnic High School,[2], and his initializzle foray into public life was as a result of his conviction for cocaine trafficking (albeit on a relatively small scale). Snoop was a member of a local Crips gang in Long Beach, the Rollin' 20 Crips. Snoop Dogg's conviction caused him to be in and out of prison for the first three years after he graduated from high school. Older Crips members and prison inmates affiliated with the Crips gang had a long-standing pattern of recognizing talent (particularly musical or sports talent) among their membership, and pursuant to that pseudo-policy, Snoop Dogg was pushed to make something of himself as a rapper rather than as a street hustler. Snoop thus followed up on the homemade rap tapes that he had made with his cousin Nate Dogg and best friend Warren G (stepbrother of Dr. Dre of N.W.A.). Originally, Nate's cousin Lil' 1/2 Dead was also part of the group, called 213, named after the Long Beach area code at the time. This was largely in homage to Richie Rich's group 415, which was named for the (then) area code of Oakland, California.

Success with Death Row Records

Dr. Dre began collaborating with the young rapper, first on the theme song of the feature film Deep Cover, and then on Dr. Dre's debut solo album The Chronic with the other members of his former starting group, Tha Dogg Pound. Snoop Dogg's contribution to The Chronic was considerable; the rapper's rhymes were as present as Dre's. The huge success of Snoop's debut Doggystyle was probably due to this intense exposure.

File:Snoop trial.jpg
David Kenner, Cochran, Lee and Snoop during the trial.

While recording Doggystyle with Dr. Dre in August 1993, Snoop Dogg was arrested in the death of Phillip Woldermarian, a member of a rival gang who was fired at and killed in a gang fight. Snoop was defended by David Kenner, with his bodyguard McKinley Lee, while Sean Abrams (accompanying member in the jeep) was defended by Johnnie Cochran.[2] Both Snoop and Lee were acquitted; Lee was acquitted on grounds of self-defense, but Snoop remained entangled in the legal battles around the case for three years. His video "Two of America's Most Wanted" with Tupac Shakur chronicled the difficulties each rapper was dealing with as a result of their unrelated but concurrent criminal prosecutions.

File:Pacsnoopsuge.jpg
Tupac Shakur (left), Snoop (center), and Suge Knight (right) during Snoop's time at Death Row Records (1996).

The Doggystyle album was released in November 1993 on Death Row Records and became the first debut album ever to enter the charts at #1, helping to fuel the ascendance of West Coast "G-funk" rap. The singles "Who Am I (What's My Name)?" and "Gin and Juice" reached the top ten most-played songs in the United States, and the album stayed on the Billboard charts for several months. Gangsta rap became the center of arguments for censorship and labeling, with Snoop often used as an example of violent and misogynistic musicians.

Doggystyle, much like The Chronic, featured a host of rappers signed to or affiliated with the Death Row label including Daz, Kurupt, Nate Dogg and others. Many fans consider Doggystyle to be Snoop's finest album and it is usually given the same praise as that given to other Death Row albums such as 2Pac's All Eyez On Me, Dr. Dre's The Chronic and Tha Dogg Pound's Dogg Food.

A short film about Snoop's murder trial called Murder Was the Case, was released in 1994, along with an accompanying soundtrack.

However, by the time Snoop's second album Tha Doggfather was released in November 1996, the price of imitating (or sometimes just living) the "gangsta" life had become very evident: among the many notable rap industry deaths and convictions were the death of Snoop's friend and labelmate Tupac Shakur and the racketeering indictment of Death Row co-founder Suge Knight. Dr. Dre had left Death Row earlier in 1996 due to a contract dispute, so Snoop co-produced Tha Doggfather with Daz Dillinger and DJ Pooh.

This album saw a distinct change of style as compared to Doggystyle. While the album sold reasonably well it was not as successful, and it was widely believed that its quality suffered from Dr.Dre's lack of involvement. However,Tha Doggfather had a somewhat softer approach to the G-funk style, and Snoop Dogg used a less energetic and more charismatic type of rhyming style, which would be more widely incorporated and exercised later on in his career.

In the immediate aftermath of Dre's withdrawal from Death Row records, realizing that he was subject to an iron clad time-based contract (i.e., that Death Row practically owned anything he produced for a number of years), Snoop Dogg refused to produce any more tracks for Suge Knight, other than the insulting "Fuck Death Row," until his contract expired.

Recent years

Snoop Dogg's artistic style has veered away from hardcore gangsta rap; he performed on the alternative rock Lollapalooza tour in 1997, and made several film appearances, in addition to producing and directing music videos both for himself and other artists. He released an autobiography in 2001.

Upon leaving Death Row Records, Snoop was approached by a number of record labels. He eventually signed a contract with Master P's No Limit Records. No Limit was quite popular at the time, as Southern Hip Hop was going through a revival and beginning to dominate the charts in a way which had not been seen since Florida rap dominated the charts in the early 1990s, thanks to 2 Live Crew and Luke. Snoop shortened his name from Snoop Doggy Dogg to Snoop Dogg, and received a great deal of criticism for signing to the label.

Da Game Is to Be Sold Not to Be Told was the first album Snoop released at No Limit. It received negative reviews, yet still sold well. Snoop put his stamp of the now ubiquitous "Dirty South" sound on this album. Similar to the group focus of Death Row Records, many other No Limit Records artists appeared on the album, and it was produced mostly in-house by Beats By The Pound. Snoop's next effort, No Limit Top Dogg would re-unite snoop with his mentor Dr. Dre for some highlight tracks and see a return to the G-funk style of his Death Row days; it proved to be a success in both ratings and sales, as the album embraced both old and new styles of West Coast hip hop along with assorted guests from the No Limit roster. Snoop Dogg followed this up with his last album on No Limit Records titled Tha Last Meal, which built upon the mixture of styles on No Limit Top Dogg.

In 2000, Snoop (as "Michael J. Corleone") directed Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle, a pornographic film produced by Hustler. This film, combining hip-hop with X-rated material, was a huge success and won "Top Selling Release of the Year" at the 2002 AVN Awards. [3] Driven by this success, Snoop directed Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp in 2002 (this time using the nickname "Snoop Scorsese").

Snoop founded his own production company, Snoopadelic Films, in 2005. Their debut film was Boss'n Up, a film inspired by R&G starring Lil Jon and Trina. [4]

In 2002, Snoop announced that he was giving up drinking and drugs. Later that year he released the album Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$, on Capitol Records which featured the hit singles and videos "From Da Chuuuch to Da Palace" and "Beautiful," featuring guest vocals by Pharrell Williams.

File:RnG.jpg
R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta) The Masterpiece album cover.

On May 21, 2004, Snoop Dogg filed for divorce from his wife Shante Broadus, citing irreconcilable differences and seeking joint custody of their three children, Corde, Cordell, and Cori; they have since reconciled. Later that year, he collaborated again with his old friends Nate Dogg and Warren G as part of 213. They released an album The Hard Way, which featured the single "Groupie Luv", and reached #4 in the U.S. Billboard 200 album charts.

In 2004, Snoop signed to Geffen Records/Star Trak Entertainment both of which are distributed through Interscope Records; Star Trak was headed by the Neptunes, who produced several tracks for Snoop's 2004 release R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta) The Masterpiece. "Drop It Like It's Hot" (featuring Pharrell), the first single released from the album, was a hit and became Snoop Dogg's first single to reach number one. His third release was "Signs", featuring Justin Timberlake & Charlie Wilson, which entered the UK chart at #2. This was his highest entry ever in the UK chart.

He also notably played the drug dealer-turned-informant character of Huggy Bear, in the 2004 remake film of the 70's TV-series of the same name, Starsky & Hutch.

Snoop Dogg recently announced to British radio that his next album, The Blue Carpet Treatment, will feature production by long-time partner Dr. Dre, dispelling rumors of a rift between the two in recent times. In addition, Snoop will be featured on Dre's proclaimed (and much delayed) album Detox.

Snoop Dogg appeared in the Live 8 concert in Hyde Park.

As of June 2006, Snoop is doing an advertisement for Orbit Gum. In this advertisment, the Orbit Girl (Vanessa Branch) comes and cleans up Snoop's dirty mouth.

Snoop Dogg's latest music is being featured on West Coast rap albums such as Laugh Now, Cry Later by Ice Cube and Cali Iz Active by Tha Dogg Pound. He is featured on 2 tracks from Cube's album including the single "Go to Church", and several tracks on Cali Iz Active. Also, his latest song, "Real Talk", was leaked over the Internet in the summer of 2006 and a video was later released on the Internet. "Real Talk" is a dedication to Tookie Williams and a diss to Arnold Schwarzenegger. His two other new songs are "Keep Bouncing" by Too $hort, Snoop Dogg & will.i.am; and "Gangsta Walk" by Coolio & Snoop.

Snoop Dogg's 2006 release, Tha Blue Carpet Treatment, did well on its first week, debuting at #5, which has been his highest since 2000's The Last Meal. The album, and the second single "That's That Shit" featuring R. Kelly have been received good critical response so far.

Tha Blue Carpet Treatment album cover.


Currently Snoop Dogg is working with producer JT the Bigga Figga on a documentary DVD entitled Mandatory Business, which will feature the likes of Russell Simmons, Spike Lee, Xzibit, Young Buck and 50 Cent. There will also be a soundtrack released for the album.

File:Snoop doggy dog mugshot.jpg
Snoop Dogg's mugshot at the L.A.P.D.

Snoop Dogg had civil legal problems when he used a message left on his answering machine on a track of Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$. The person who left the message wasn't aware of and didn't allow that his voice would be sampled on the outro song. He filed a lawsuit against Doggystyle Records.

Snoop and his associates were the center of a controversial civil rape case stemming from a January, 2003 guest-hosting appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live. The plaintiff was a 36-year-old makeup artist named Kylie Bell, who had previously won an Emmy Award for her work on the HBO series Six Feet Under. Bell claimed that she was drugged and sexually assaulted by Snoop and four others. In December 2004, one month before Bell filed her suit against him, Snoop sued the makeup artist accusing her of exorting him. Kylie Bell eventually dropped her lawsuit, and Snoop dropped his $5 million dollar countersuit against her. Snoop's publicist said "absolutely no money" was paid by the rapper in reaching a settlement.[3]

On April 26 2006, Snoop Dogg and members of his entourage were arrested at Heathrow Airport for "violent disorder and affray" after being turned away from British Airways' first class lounge. Snoop and his party were not allowed to enter the lounge because while some of the entourage were flying first class, other members of the party were flying economy class. After the group was escorted outside, they vandalized a duty-free shop by throwing whisky bottles. Seven police officers were injured in the fracas. After a night in the prison, Snoop Dogg and the other men were released on bail on April 27, but he was unable to perform at the Premier Foods People's Concert in Johannesburg on the same day. As part of his bail conditions, he had to return to the police station in May. The group has been banned by British Airways for "the foreseeable future." [5] [6]

On May 11, when Snoop presented himself at a London police station, he was cautioned for affray under Section 4 of the Public Order Act for use of threatening words or behavior [7]. On May 15, the Home Office decided that Snoop Dogg should be denied entry to the UK for the foreseeable future due to the fracas at Heathrow as well as his previous convictions in the United States for drugs and firearms offenses.[8] [9]

Snoop Dogg, Tha Dogg Pound and The Game have been sued for assaulting a fan on stage at a May 2005 Auburn concert at the White River Amphitheatre. The victim claims he was beaten by the artists' entourage while he was running up to touch Snoop. He alleges that he reacted to an "open invite" to come on stage. Before he could, Snoop’s bodyguards grabbed and he was beaten unconscious by crew people, including the rapper and producer Soopafly. Snoop and The Game were included in the suit for not intervening to hold the fight. The lawsuit focuses on a pecuniary claim of $22 million in punitive and compensatory damages, battery, negligence, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.[4]

On Sept 27, 2006, Snoop Dogg was detained at John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California by airport security, after airport screeners found a collapsible police baton in Snoop's carry-on bag. The baton was confiscated but Snoop was allowed to board the flight. He has been charged with various weapons violations stemming from this incident. When arrested, he told deputies the baton was a prop for a movie. Bail was set at $150,000, which Snoop has paid.

Snoop Dogg was again arrested on October 26, 2006 at Bob Hope Airport in Burbank, California while parked in a passenger loading zone. Approached by airport security for a traffic infraction, he was found in possession of marijuana and a firearm, according to a police statement. Later he was transported to Burbank Police Department Jail, booked, and released on $35,000 bond. He will face firearm and drug possession charges on December 12 at Burbank Superior Court.[5]

He was again arrested on November 29, 2006 after performing on The Tonight Show, for possession of marijuana and possessing a firearm. Bail has been set at $60,000.[6]

Trivia

  • Snoop was a member of the Rollin' 20 Crips gang in Long Beach, and still has affiliations with the group. Goldie Loc of Tha Eastsidaz is also a former member of this gang, as are Warren G and Nate Dogg.
  • Snoop Dogg has his own show on XM Satellite Radio called Welcome to Da Chuuch with Big Snoop Dogg. On December 8, 2005, he was named executive producer for XM's classic hip hop channel, The Rhyme, and will provide the creative direction for the channel and assist in the development of new exclusive programming for The Rhyme as well as other channels. Also in that month, Snoop appeared in a comical TV commercial for XM with fellow XM celebrity DJs Ellen DeGeneres and David Bowie which finds the rapper attempting to find one of his misplaced vanity necklaces; the punchline of the commercial reveals that Bowie had been wearing the jewelry, unbeknownst to Snoop.
  • Snoop Dogg collaborated with several international musicians, including Aki-La (Japan), Jamel Debbouze (France) and Mira Craig (Norway).
  • Snoop Dogg and Willie McGinest of the Cleveland Browns are childhood friends and are founders and co-owners of Icon Sports+Entertainment, which is geared toward helping athletes realize their potential in the entertainment industry. Ironically, Snoop Dogg is a fan of the Browns arch-rivals, the Pittsburgh Steelers.

Discography and filmography

For a full listing of music and film projects, see Snoop Dogg discography and filmography.

Solo albums

Album cover Album information
Doggystyle
File:Tha Doggfather.JPG
Tha Doggfather
Da Game Is to Be Sold Not to Be Told
No Limit Top Dogg
Tha Last Meal
File:B000075A20.03. SCLZZZZZZZ .jpg
Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$
File:RnG.jpg
R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta) The Masterpiece
Tha Blue Carpet Treatment

Selected Singles

Year Title Chart Positions Album
U.S. Hot 100 U.S. R&B/Hip-Hop U.S. Rap UK AUS Singles
1993 "Who Am I (What's My Name)?" #8 #8 #1 [3 weeks] #20 - Doggystyle
1993 "Gin and Juice" (feat. Daz Dillinger) #8 #13 #1 [2 weeks] #39 - Doggystyle
1994 "Doggy Dogg World" (feat. The Dramatics & Tha Dogg Pound) - - - #32 - Doggystyle
1996 "Snoop's Upside Ya Head" (feat. Charlie Wilson) - - - #12 #44 Tha Doggfather
1997 "Vapors" (feat. Charlie Wilson & Teena Marie) - - - #18 - Tha Doggfather
1997 "We Just Wanna Party with You" (feat. Jermaine Dupri) - - - #21 #28 Men in Black O.S.T.
1998 "Still a G Thang" #19 #16 #3 - - Da Game Is to Be Sold Not to Be Told
2002 "From tha Chuuuch to da Palace" (feat. Pharrell) #77 #31 #16 #27 - Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$
2003 "Beautiful" (feat. Pharrell & Charlie Wilson) #6 #3 #3 #23 #4 Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$
2004 "Drop It Like It's Hot" (feat. Pharrell) #1 [3 weeks] #1 #1 #10 #4 R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta) The Masterpiece
2005 "Let's Get Blown" #54 #19 #12 #13 - R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta) The Masterpiece
2005 "Signs" (feat. Charlie Wilson & Justin Timberlake) #46 - - #2 #1 [2 weeks] R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta) The Masterpiece
2005 "Ups & Downs" (feat. the Bee Gees) - #67 - #36 #25 R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta) The Masterpiece
2005 "Real Soon" (as a member of DPGC including Nate Dogg) (free download to support clemency) - - - - #49 Welcome to tha Chuuch - Da Album
2006 "Vato" (featuring B-Real) - #85 - - #55 Tha Blue Carpet Treatment
2006 "That's That Shit" (featuring R. Kelly) #20 #9 #4 #38 #78 Tha Blue Carpet Treatment
2006 "I Wanna Love You" (with Akon) #1 [2 weeks] #3 - - - Konvicted/Tha Blue Carpet Treatment
2006 "Candy" (featuring E-40, MC Eiht, Goldie Loc, Daz, Kurupt) - - - - - Tha Blue Carpet Treatment

Selected filmography

Awards

Grammy Award nominations

Snoop Dogg has been nominated for eight Grammy Awards but has not yet won an award as of 2006.

Category Genre Song Year Result
Best Rap Song songwriter
(with Pharrell Williams)
Rap "Drop It Like It's Hot" 2005 Nominated
Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
(with Pharrell Williams)
Rap "Drop It Like It's Hot" 2005 Nominated
Best Rap Song songwriter
(with Chad Hugo and Pharrell Williams)
Rap "Beautiful" 2004 Nominated
Best Rap/Sung Collaboration
(with Pharrell Williams and Charlie Wilson)
Rap "Beautiful" 2004 Nominated
Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
(with Dr. Dre)
Rap "The Next Episode" 2001 Nominated
Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
(with Dr. Dre)
Rap "Still D.R.E." 2000 Nominated
Best Rap Solo
Performance
Rap "Gin and Juice" 1995 Nominated
Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
(with Dr. Dre)
Rap "Nuthin' But a "G" Thang" 1994 Nominated

Awards won

Other nominations

  • 2006 Bet Awards
    • Best Hip-hop Movie (Boss'n Up - Director: Dylan C. Brown)
  • 2005 Radio Music Awards
    • Song of the Year/Urban and Rhythmic Radio ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
  • 2005 Billboard Music Awards
    • Rap song of the year ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
  • 2005 MTV European Music Awards
    • Best Male artist
    • Best song ("Signs")
  • 2005 BET Awards
    • Video of the Year ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
    • Best Collaboration ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
    • Best Rap Artist
  • 2005 World Music Awards
    • Best-Selling Male R&B Award
  • 2005 MTV Video Music Awards
    • Video of the Year ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
    • Best Hip-Hop Video ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
    • Viewer's Choice ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
  • 2005 MOBO Awards
    • Best Single ("Drop It Like It's Hot" with Pharrell).
  • 2005 Soul Train Awards
    • ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
  • 2004 Vibe Awards
    • Hottest hook:"Beautiful" ("Drop It Like It's Hot")
  • 2004 2004 Adult Video News awards
  • 2004 MTV Video Music Awards
  • 2004 MVPA Video Awards
    • Best Hip-Hop Video (Snoop Dogg feat. Pharrell Williams "Beautiful" / Prod Co: Partizan; Chris Robinson, dir.)
  • 2003 BET Awards
    • Best Male Hip-Hop Artist
  • 2003 California Music Awards
    • Outstanding hip-hop album ("Paid Tha Cost To Be Da Boss")
  • 2003 MTV Video Music Awards
    • Best Hip-Hop Video ("Beautiful")
  • 2003 Vibe Awards
    • Reelest video:"Beautiful"
    • Hottest hook:"Beautiful"
    • Coolest collaboration:"Beautiful"
  • 2003 MVPA Video Awards
    • Soundtrack Video of the year (Snoop Dogg feat. Bootsy Collins - "Undercova Funk (Give Up the Funk)" from "Undercover Brother." Director: Gregory Dark. Production company: Atlas)
  • 2001 1st Annual BET Awards (June 19, 2001):
    • Video of the Year ("The Next Episode" - Dr. Dre feat. Snoop Dogg, Nate Dogg)
  • 2001 MTV Video Music Awards
    • Best Rap Video ("Lay Low")
  • 2001 Source Awards
    • Artist Of The Year, Solo
    • Album of the Year (Tha Last Meal)
    • Live Performer of the Year
    • Music Video of the Year (""Snoop Dogg (What's My Name Pt. 2)"")
  • 2000 Source Awards
    • Artist Of The Year, Solo
    • Single of the Year ("Still D.R.E." Dr. Dre f/Snoop Dogg)
  • 1999 Source Awards
    • Artist Of The Year, Solo

Endorsements and products

File:Snoop Dogg - Love don't live here anymore.jpg
The cover of Snoop Dogg's first book Love Don't Live Here No More

Music samples

Solo Writer Production Template:Multi-listen start Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen end Cameo/Collab

References

  1. ^ http://www.mtvasia.com/News/200609/28013835.html
  2. ^ "Los Angeles Times excerpt on the [[The Tech]]". News Briefs 1, Volume 115, Number 52. MIT. October 27, 1995. p. 2. With O.J. Over, Dogg Trial Begins {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ http://www.thabocks.com/news/archives/2005/08/index.html
  4. ^ XXL Magazine
  5. ^ CNN Law Center retrieved on October 27, 2006
  6. ^ Associated Press
  7. ^ http://www.music-map.com/snoop+doggy+dog.html - Snoop Dogg's sociographic map, URL accessed on July 3, 2006 (UTC)
  8. ^ http://blog.myspace.com/hiphop_philosopher
  9. ^ http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp
  10. ^ http://blog.myspace.com/hiphop_philosopher
  11. ^ http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp
  12. ^ http://blog.myspace.com/hiphop_philosopher
  13. ^ http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp
  14. ^ http://blog.myspace.com/hiphop_philosopher
  15. ^ http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp
  16. ^ http://blog.myspace.com/hiphop_philosopher
  17. ^ http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp
  18. ^ http://blog.myspace.com/hiphop_philosopher
  19. ^ http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp
  20. ^ http://www.worldwideconnected.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3790
  21. ^ http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp
  22. ^ http://urbanconnects.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=311
  23. ^ Emi Music Sweden
  24. ^ Sales Awards by the Entertainment Merchants Association
  25. ^ SFGate,Hearst Communications Inc.,2006

See also