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Atmanirbhar Bharat

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Atmanirbhar Bharat
Type of projectEconomic development
CountryIndia
Prime Minister(s)Narendra Modi
Ministry
Launched12 May 2020; 4 years ago (2020-05-12)
StatusActive
Websitehttps://aatmanirbharbharat.mygov.in/

Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, which translates to 'self-reliant India' or 'self-sufficient India', is the vision of the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi of making India "a bigger and more important part of the global economy", pursuing policies that are efficient, competitive and resilient, and being self-sustaining and self-generating. Atmanirbhar Bharat does not mean "self-containment", "isolating away from the world" or being "protectionist".[1][2][3] The first mention of this came in the form of the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan'[4] or 'Self-Reliant India Mission'[5] during the announcement of India's COVID–19 pandemic related economic package on 12 May 2020.[6] The five pillars of ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ are stated as economy, infrastructure, technology-driven systems, vibrant demography and demand.

Definition

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said "Aatmanirbhar Bharat is not about being self-contained or being closed to the world, it is about being self-sustaining and self-generating. We will pursue policies that promote efficiency, equity and resilience."[1] Its proponents have said that this self-reliant policy does not aim to be protectionist in nature; the Finance Minister said, "self-reliant India does not mean cutting off from rest of the world".[2] The law and IT minister, Ravi Shankar Prasad, said that self-reliance does "not mean isolating away from the world. Foreign direct investment is welcome, technology is welcome [...] self-reliant India... translates to being a bigger and more important part of the global economy."[3]

Self-reliance or Self-sufficiency

According to Indian Express, "Atmanirbhar" can be understood as either "self-reliance" or as "self-sufficiency". The confusion, according to the Express started on 12 May itself, the day the phrase was first announced,[7]

The state of the world today teaches us that (Atma Nirbhar Bharat) "Self-reliant India" is the only path. It is said in our scriptures — EshahPanthah. That is — self-sufficient India.

— Prime Minister Narendra Modi, PIB

Swaminathan Aiyar says the same, "atmanirbhar" can be translated as both self-reliance and self-sufficiency. India in the 1960s-70s tried self-sufficiency and it didn't work out.[8] Aiyer says that "to go back to self-sufficiency again appears to be going in the wrong direction."[8] In May, in an article, Livemint translated the term as "self-sufficiency".[9]

Initiatives

As part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat package,[10] numerous government decisions have taken place such as changing the definition of MSMEs,[11] boosting scope for private participation in numerous sectors,[12] increasing FDI in the defence sector;[12] and the vision has found support in many sectors such as the solar manufacturers sector.[13]

Examples of initiatives towards self-reliance:

  • The growth of India's personal protective equipment (PPE) sector from zero before March, to 1,50,000 pieces a day by the beginning of May, is considered as a fine example of a self-reliant India.[14][15] The PPE industry in India has become a ₹7,000 crore (equivalent to ₹82 billion or US$990 million in 2023) in two months, the second largest after China.[16]
  • The largest fund in the country worth ₹21,000 crore (equivalent to ₹250 billion or US$3.0 billion in 2023) was setup by the IIT Alumni Council with the aim of supporting the mission towards self-reliance.[17]
  • India's own 'Made in India' 5G network was announced in July 2020 by Reliance Jio.[18] Mukesh Ambani announced in mid-July "Jio has created a complete 5G solution from scratch, that will enable us to launch a world-class 5G service in India, using 100 per cent homegrown technologies and solutions".[18] In September 2020, Tech Mahindra announced that they have "the capability to build and run an entire 4G or 5G network in India [...] We have done that already."[19]
  • In August 2020, the Defence Minister Rajnath Singh announced that the Defence Ministry is "now ready for a big push to Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative" by imposing an "import embargo on 101 items" in a staged manner over a period of 5 years.[20][21]
  • Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers, D V Sadananda Gowda, in September 2020, said that "India will be self-reliant in fertiliser production by 2023".[22]
  • Three farm bills provides the legal framework to give the farmers the right to choose the price and people to whom they want to sell.
  • Two important documents by Ministry of Defence(MoD) that will have a far-reaching impact in Defence Industry of India and Aerospace industry, first is Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy(DPEPP 2020) while the second is the Defence Acquisition Procedure(DAP). [23]

Slogans

Slogans initiated under Atmanirbhar Bharat include 'vocal for local', 'local for global' and 'make for world'.[24][25]

Vocal for local

Not only should products be 'made in India', but the promotion of those products should take place so as to make those products competitive.[25] During the Independence Day speech in 2020, Prime Minister Modi said that "The mindset of free India should be 'vocal for local'. We should appreciate our local products, if we don't do this then our products will not get the opportunity to do better and will not get encouraged."[26][27] Amul Managing Director RS Sodhi explained that the phrase vocal–for–local "meant that products be made competitive vis-a-vis global brands" and that "it didn’t mean that one must only buy products that have a logo 'made in India' on it."[25] An extension of this slogan is 'local for global', that local products in India should have global appeal and reach.[25]

Make for the world

Prime Minister Modi, during the 2020 Independence speech, said that 'make for world' should go hand in hand with 'make in India' and that the slogan 'make for world' should be a key slogan like 'make in India' is.[26][28] A variation of the slogan is "Make in India for the world".[29]

Commentary

Atmanirbhar Bharat has been called by some as a re-packaged version of the Make in India movement using new taglines such as 'Vocal for Local'.[30][31] Other opposition members spoke about how India had enacted policies and built companies since its creation to make India self-reliant - SAIL for steel production, IIT for domestic engineers, AIIMS for medical science, DRDO for defence research, HAL for aviation, ISRO for space, CCL, NTPC and GAIL in the area of energy; criticizing the advertising tactics.[32] Some have re-phrased it to "Fend For Yourself" Campaign.[33]

At least don't buy Ganesha idols from China.

Nirmala Sitharaman, Finance Minister[34]
25 June 2020

Calls for India to boycott Chinese products (and promote an Atmanirbhar Bharat instead), are practically difficult in the short term for India as India imports $75 billion worth of goods every year from China, to the extent that parts of Indian industry are dependent on China.[35] Following the Galwan Valley skirmish on 15 June 2020 in which around 40 Chinese soldiers and 20 Indian soldiers died, Swadeshi Jagaran Manch said that if the government was serious about making India self-reliant, Chinese companies should not be given projects such as the Delhi-Meerut RRTS.[36][37] Results of the boycott China movement started showing in early August, with Government of China's customs data showing that Chinese exports to India had fallen by 25% as compared to the same period in 2019.[38]

According to an Indian Express article on 23 September 2020, unfinished reforms in the Atmanirbhar Bharat agenda include:[39]

civil service reform (the steel frame has become a steel cage), government reform (Delhi doesn’t need 57 ministries and 250 people with Secretary rank), financial reform (sustainably raising credit to GDP ratio from 50 per cent to 100 per cent), urban reform (having 100 cities with more than a million people rather than 52), education reform (our current regulator confuses university buildings with building universities), skill reform (our apprentice regulations are holding back employers and universities), and labour reform (our capital is handicapped without labour and labour is handicapped without capital).

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atmanirbhar Bharat.

References

  1. ^ a b "Aatmanirbhar Bharat not self-containment: PM assures global investors". Outlook India. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ a b "'To spur growth': Nirmala Sitharaman on PM Modi's Atamanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan". Hindustan Times. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Bennett University webinar: Need to tap Artificial Intelligence to fight Covid, says IT minister Ravi Shankar Prasad". The Economic Times. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Aatmnirbhar Bharat Abhiyan in India: Gearing up for the Reformation". aatmnirbharsena.org. 10 July 2020.
  5. ^ ""आत्मनिर्भर भारत और मेक इन इंडिया के बीच अंतर". aatmnirbharsena.org. 24 September 2020.
  6. ^ Misra, Udit (13 May 2020). "PM Modi's self-reliant India Mission economic package: Here is the fine print". The Indian Express. Retrieved 13 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ "ExplainSpeaking on economy | Atmanirbhar Bharat: A brief and not-so-affectionate history". The Indian Express. 17 August 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  8. ^ a b "Govt needs to understand the difference between self-sufficiency and self-reliance: Swaminathan Aiyar". The Economic Times. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Bhasin, Karan (15 May 2020). "'Invest in India' is at the heart of self-reliance". Livemint. Retrieved 12 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ "Major Highlights from Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan Economic Package". aatmnirbharsena.org. 7 October 2020.
  11. ^ "Atmanirbhar Bharat: Union Cabinet approves changes in definition of MSMEs". Business Standard India. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ a b Mishra, Hari Hari (1 June 2020). "Post-COVID-19 Atma Nirbhar Bharat: Time to usher in an industrial and agricultural revolution". Business Today. Retrieved 2 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ "Solar manufacturers extend support to govt's Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan". Economic Times ETEnergyworld. Retrieved 2 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ "Building Atmanirbhar Bharat & Overcoming COVID-19 | National Portal of India". www.india.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  15. ^ "From zero, India now produces around 2 lakh PPE kits per day". The Times of India. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ Bhushan, Ranjit (10 June 2020). "From PPE kits to sanitisers to ventilators, COVID-19 has sparked off an indigenous cottage industry boom". Moneycontrol. Retrieved 12 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ "IIT Alumni Council to create ₹21,000-cr social initiative fund". The Hindu @businessline. 26 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ a b "Reliance Jio 'Made in India' 5G solution announced at RIL AGM 2020: Details inside". The Indian Express. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  19. ^ Khan, Danish (5 September 2020). "Eyeing BSNL: Tech Mahindra says can build and run full-fledged 4G, 5G networks". Economic Times Telecom. Retrieved 14 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ Kaushik, Krishn (10 August 2020). "Explained: What is the negative imports list for defence announced by Rajnath Singh?". The Indian Express. Retrieved 11 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ^ Philip, Snehesh Alex (9 August 2020). "Artillery guns, assault rifles, AFVs — Here's a list of 101 items MoD won't import in future". ThePrint. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  22. ^ "India to be self-reliant in fertilisers production by 2023: Sadananda Gowda". The Financial Express. PTI. 13 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ "DAP 2020: Solid Provisions Demand Solid Implementation". Indian Defence Review. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  24. ^ "PM Modi pushes for self-reliant India with 'Make for World' call | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 16 August 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ a b c d James, Nandana; Gandhi, Forum (2 July 2020). "How Modi's 'vocal for local' campaign is going places". The Hindu @businessline. Retrieved 15 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ a b "'Vocal for local should become mantra for every Indian': PM Modi". The Times of India. ANI. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ Chaturvedi, Amit, ed. (15 August 2020). "'Mindset for free India should be vocal for local': PM Modi pushes for self-reliance in Independence Day speech". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 15 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ Jayaswal, Rajeev (15 August 2020). "New focus of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' is 'make for world' : PM Modi in Independence Day speech". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 15 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ Mukul, Jyoti (11 September 2020). "L&T deal will push Make in India for the world: Schneider India chief". Business Standard India. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  30. ^ "'Repackaged version of Make in India': Shashi Tharoor on PM Modi's Self-reliant India Mission". Hindustan Times. ANI. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  31. ^ "Self-reliant India: The bounce of vocal for local". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  32. ^ Kumar, Abhay (31 May 2020). "Shatrughan Sinha takes jibe at PM over 'Atma-nirbhar Bharat'". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ^ Sahay, Anand K. (29 May 2020). "Anand K Sahay | 'Atma Nirbhar Bharat': A mantra to mask failure?". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  34. ^ "'At least don't buy Ganesha idols from China': FM Sitharaman irked over non-essential imports". Financial Express. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  35. ^ HV, Harish (5 June 2020). "'Atmanirbharta' from China — easier said than done". The Hindu @businessline. Retrieved 5 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ Arnimesh, Shanker (15 June 2020). "RSS affiliate wants Modi govt to cancel Chinese firm's bid for Delhi-Meerut RRTS project". ThePrint. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  37. ^ Shrivastava, Rahul (16 June 2020). "Chinese firm bids lowest for Delhi-Meerut project, RSS affiliate asks Modi govt to scrap company's bid". India Today. Retrieved 18 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ^ "Boycott China manifests! Chinese exports to India crash 25% in 2020; trade down 19%". Business Today. 8 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ "Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan lays strong foundations for raising our per capita GDP". The Indian Express. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.

Further reading

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