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Israeli president [[Reuven Rivlin]] condemned the riots in Lod, describing them as a [[pogrom]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 May 2021|title=Rivlin condemns Lod 'pogrom' and 'shameful silence' of Arab leadership|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/rivlin-condemns-lod-pogrom-and-shameful-silence-of-arab-leadership/|access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
Israeli president [[Reuven Rivlin]] condemned the riots in Lod, describing them as a [[pogrom]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 May 2021|title=Rivlin condemns Lod 'pogrom' and 'shameful silence' of Arab leadership|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/rivlin-condemns-lod-pogrom-and-shameful-silence-of-arab-leadership/|access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>

David M Weinberg, vice president of the [[JISS|Jerusalem Institute for Strategic Studies]] opined that Israel need not apologize for the tragic civilian casualties in Gaza. Hamas is a catastrophe and Israel has no option but to take on the hard work of frequently ‘mow(ing) the grass’ in Gaza. Unless one does that as in gardens, weeds flourish and ‘snakes begin to slither around in the brush.’ ‘Mow the grass' is an Israeli military metaphor for a strategy of resorting to displays of overwhelming military force in Gaza. The strategy is criticized by [[Zehava Gal-On]] as assuming talking with Palestinians is pointless, and only results in perpetual war.<ref> David M Weinberg, https://www.jpost.com/opinion/israel-must-prove-it-has-freedom-to-defend-itself-opinion-668124 'Israel must prove it has freedom to defend itself,' [[Jerusalem Post]] 13 May, 2021</ref><ref>Adam Taylor https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/05/14/israel-gaza-history/ 'With strikes targeting rockets and tunnels, the Israeli tactic of ‘mowing the grass’ returns to Gaza,' [[Washington Post]] 14 May 2021<ref><ref>[[Zehava Gal-On]], [https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-human-beings-are-able-to-talk-not-only-to-carry-a-club-1.9801556 'Human Beings Are Able to Talk, Not Only to Carry a Club,'] [[Haaretz]] 13 May 2021.</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 13:50, 16 May 2021

2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Israeli police forces in Lod, Israel, 11 May 2021
Date6 May 2021 – present
(3 years, 1 week and 2 days)
Location
Israel, Palestine
Caused by
Status
Parties
Lead figures
Casualties and losses

10 civilians killed[2]

  • 2 Arab-Israelis[3]
  • 1 Indian[4]
564 civilians wounded[5]
1 soldier killed, 2 wounded[6]
21 policemen injured[7]

Gaza Strip:
174 civilians and militants killed, 1,200 wounded (per Gaza MOH)[8]

  • 20–75 militants killed (low est. per Hamas & PIJ, high est. per Israel)[9][2]

West Bank:
14 Palestinians killed
500+ Palestinians injured[10][11]
East Jerusalem:
1 Arab-Israeli protester killed[12]
1,000 Palestinian protesters injured.[13]
23 protesters arrested[14]

Israeli–Lebanese border:
1 Hezbollah member and 1 Lebanese protester killed[15][16]
10,000+ Palestinians displaced[17]

On 6 May 2021, Palestinians began protesting in Jerusalem over a forthcoming decision of the Israeli Supreme Court regarding the eviction of four Palestinian families from Sheikh Jarrah, a neighborhood of East Jerusalem.[18] The area is informally annexed to Israel but under international law remains part of the Palestinian territories which Israel administers under belligerent occupation.[19][20] The protests quickly escalated into violent confrontations between Jewish and Palestinian protesters. The following day, Israeli police stormed[21] the compound of the al-Aqsa Mosque, a major Islamic holy site.[22][23][24]

The violence coincided with Qadr Night, observed by Muslims, and Jerusalem Day, an Israeli national holiday. The confrontations occurred ahead of a planned Jerusalem Day march by far-right Jewish nationalists that was later cancelled.[25][26] More than 300 people were injured, mostly Palestinians,[27] drawing international condemnation. The Supreme Court ruling was then delayed for 30 days as the attorney general of Israel, Avichai Mandelblit, sought to reduce tensions.[1]

On 10 May, two Palestinian militant groups, Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, began firing rockets into Israel from the Gaza Strip, hitting multiple residences and a school.[28][6][29] Israel launched airstrikes against Gaza, including airstrikes targeting multiple apartment buildings and a news office building.[30][31][32][33]

Since the rocket launches and airstrikes began, at least 122 Palestinians have been killed, including 31 children, while seven Israelis have been killed, including one child.[34][35][36][37][38] On 11 May, the Israel Defense Forces claimed that at least 15 of the Palestinian casualties were confirmed members of Hamas, and also claimed that some Palestinian civilian casualties were caused by errant rocket launches within the Gaza Strip.[39] As of 12 May 2021, both Israel and the Palestinian National Authority reported injuries for at least 300 Palestinians[40][41][42] and 200 Israelis.[43]

The conflict has said to reached a level unseen since the Second Intifada.[44]

Background

Main articles: Arab–Israeli conflict and Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Historic dispute

Further information: Sheikh Jarrah property dispute
Entrance to the Sheikh Jarrah neighbourhood

The long-running dispute over land in Sheikh Jarrah is considered a microcosm of the Israeli–Palestinian disputes over land since 1948.[45] Israel's laws allow Jews to file claims over land in the West Bank and East Jerusalem which they have owned prior to 1948, but reject Palestinian claims over land in Israel which they owned.[46][47][48][49]

According to Ottoman documents presented by the settler organizations, the land in Sheikh Jarrah was bought by Jewish trusts from Arab landowners in the 1870s.[50] The authenticity of these documents has been challenged by Palestinian claimants in Israeli courts.[51][52] In 1956, the Jordanian government, in cooperation with the United Nations' organization for refugees, UNRWA, housed 28 Palestinian refugee families with tenancy rights in a compound on land that Jordan managed as Custodian of Enemy Property. After the Six-Day War, the area fell under Israeli occupation. In 1972, the Israeli Custodian General registered the properties under the Jewish trusts, which in turn demanded that the Palestinian tenants there pay the trusts rent. Eviction orders began to occur in the 1990s.[53] The Jewish trusts sold the homes to a right-wing settler organization, which has since made repeated attempts to evict the Palestinian residents. Under Israeli land and property laws, Israelis have the right to reclaim properties in East Jerusalem owned by Jews before the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, but no similar law exists that would allow Palestinians to claim their lost property inside Israel during the hostilities. The Sheikh Jarrah district houses the descendants of refugees expelled or displaced from their homes in Jaffa and Haifa in the Nakba of 1948.[54][55][56][57] According to the Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research, this approach to property rights is unacceptable in international law.[53]

OCHAoPT map of Palestinian communities under threat of eviction in East Jerusalem, as at 2016

Settler groups mostly funded by US donors succeeded in having 43 Palestinians evicted from the area in 2002, followed by the Hanoun and Ghawi families in 2008, and the Shamasneh family in 2017.[20] In 2010, the Supreme Court of Israel rejected an appeal by Palestinian families who had resided in 57 housing units in the area of Sheikh Jarrah, who had petitioned the court to have their ownership to the properties recognized.[53] An Israeli court had previously ruled that the Palestinians could remain on the properties under a legal status called "protected tenants" but must pay rent. The move to evict them came after they refused to pay rent and carried out construction on the properties unauthorized by those who the courts had recognized as the owners.[58] In 2021 Israel's Supreme Court was expected to deliver a ruling on whether to uphold the eviction of six Palestinian families from the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood on 10 May 2021, after a court ruled that 13 families, 58 people including 17 children: 6 families by 2 May, and a further 7 by 1 August.[20] On 9 May 2021, the Israeli Supreme Court delayed the expected decision on evictions for 30 days, after an intervention from Attorney General of Israel Avichai Mandelblit.[59]

April–May 2021 Ramadan events

At the start of Ramadan in April 2021, Israeli police blocked off access to the Damascus Gate where Muslim worshippers usually congregate during the holiday.[60] President Reuven Rivlin was speaking at the Western Wall for Memorial Day in Israel, and Israeli officials were concerned that the call to prayer from the minarets of the Al-Aqsa Mosque would drown him out. A squad of Israeli police officers raided the mosque and cut the cables to the loudspeakers that broadcast prayers to the faithful.[61] In the wake of protests, Israel removed the barriers at the Damascus Gate two weeks later.[62] On 15 April, a TikTok video of a Palestinian teen slapping an ultra-orthodox Jewish man went viral, leading to several copycat incidents.[63] The next day, tens of thousands of Palestinian worshippers were turned away from Al-Aqsa, on the first Friday of Ramadan when Israel imposed a 10,000-person limit on prayers at the mosque.[64] [63] On the same day, a Rabbi was beaten in Jaffa causing two days of protests.[63] On 22 April, the far-right Jewish supremacist group Lehava held a march through Jerusalem chanting "death to Arabs".[63] On 23 April, after fringe military groups fired 36 rockets at southern Israel, the IDF launched missiles at Hamas targets in the Gaza Strip.[63] In the following days, a Palestinian boy and a 19-year-old Israeli settler were killed. On April 29, the 2021 Palestinian legislative election for the Palestinian Legislative Council, originally scheduled for 22 May 2021, was indefinitely postponed by President Mahmoud Abbas.[65][66] On 6 May, incendiary balloon attacks launched from Gaza set off 6 fires[67] and far-right Israeli politician Itamar Ben-Gvir set up his office in Sheikh Jarrah, causing clashes.

Ben-Gvir then visited Sheikh Jarrah shortly before the clashes began, where he said that the houses belonged to Jews and told police to "open fire" on protesters.[60] Agence France-Presse reported that Israeli settlers had been seen in Sheikh Jarrah openly carrying assault rifles and revolvers leading up to the clashes.[60] A video was posted of Ben-Gvir, in a joking exchange with the deputy mayor of Jerusalem, Arieh King, mocking a Palestinian resident shot by Israeli police during a protest.[68]

Escalation

See also: Palestinian enclaves § Key issues
Aerial photograph of al-Aqsa Mosque, on the Temple Mount, the site of some of the clashes

Palestinian protests began on 6 May in Sheikh Jarrah, but clashes soon spread to Al-Aqsa mosque, Lod, other Arab localities in Israel and the West Bank.[18] Between 10 and 14 May Israeli security inflicted injuries on approximately 1,000 Palestinian protestors in East Jerusalem. [10]

Sheikh Jarrah

Palestinians and Israeli settlers first clashed on 6 May in Sheikh Jarrah, where Palestinian families are at risk of being evicted. Palestinian protesters had been holding nightly outdoor iftars. On 6 May, Israeli settlers and Otzma Yehudit set up a table across the street from Palestinians. Social media videos showed both sides hurling rocks and chairs at each other. Israeli police intervened and arrested at least 7 people.[69]

Al-Aqsa Mosque

On 7 May, large numbers of police were deployed on the Temple Mount as around 70,000 worshippers attended the final Friday prayers of Ramadan at Al-Aqsa Mosque. After the evening prayers, some Palestinian worshippers began throwing previously stockpiled rocks and other objects at Israeli police officers. Police officers fired stun grenades into the mosque compound, and into a field clinic.[26][63][70] A mosque spokesman stated the clashes broke out after Israeli police attempted to evacuate the compound, where many Palestinians sleep over in Ramadan, adding that the evacuation was intended to allow access to Israelis.[43] More than 300 Palestinians were wounded as Israeli police stormed the mosque compound.[71][72] Palestinians threw rocks, firecrackers, and heavy objects, while Israeli police fired stun grenades, tear gas, and rubber bullets at worshippers.[72][73][74][75] The storming came ahead of a Jerusalem Day flag march by Jewish nationalists through the Old City.[72][76] At least 215 Palestinians were injured, 153 of whom were hospitalised.[27] Militants in Gaza fired rockets into Israel the following night.[77]

More clashes occurred on 8 May, the date of the Islamic holy night of Laylat al-Qadr.[78] Palestinian crowds threw stones, lit fires, and chanted "Strike Tel Aviv" and “In spirit and in blood, we will redeem al-Aqsa”, which The Times of Israel described as in support of Hamas.[79] The Israel Police, wearing riot gear and some on horseback, used stun grenades and water cannons.[78] At least 80 people were injured.[78] On 10 May, a video showing a raging fire on the al-Haram al-Sharif, caused by the conflagration of a tree near the Al-Aqsa mosque, began to circulate on social media. Below in the Western plaza, a packed group of Jewish Israelis chanted what Yair Wallach called 'genocidal songs of vengeance' while cheering the flames with words from a song in which Samson cries out before he tears down the pillars in Gaza, "O God, that I may with one blow take vengeance on the Philistines for my two eyes!"[21]

Arab communities in Israel

Israeli police officers in Lod

During the evening and night of 10 May, Arab rioters in Lod threw stones and firebombs at Jewish homes, a school, and a synagogue, later attacking a hospital. Shots were fired at the rioters, killing one and wounding two; a Jewish suspect in the shooting was arrested.[80]

Widespread protests and riots intensified across Israel, particularly in cities with large Arab populations. In Lod, rocks were thrown at Jewish apartments and some Jewish residents were evacuated from their homes by the police. One man was seriously injured after being struck in the head by a rock. In the nearby city of Ramle, Jewish rioters threw rocks at passing vehicles.[81] On 11 May, Mayor of Lod Yair Revivio urged Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu to deploy Israel Border Police in the city, stating that the city had "completely lost control" and warning that the country was on the brink of "civil war".[82][83] Netanyahu declared a state of emergency in Lod on 11 May, marking the first time since 1966 that Israel has used emergency powers over an Arab community.[84][85] Minister of Public Security Amir Ohana announced the implementation of emergency orders.[85]

Unrest continued on 12 May. In Acre, a Jewish man was attacked and seriously injured by an Arab mob armed with sticks and stones while driving his car. In Bat Yam, Jewish extremists attacked Arab stores and beat pedestrians. A motorcyclist was also beaten in the street after being mistaken for an Arab.[86]

As of 13 May, communal violence including "riots, stabbings, arson, attempted home invasions and shootings" was reported from Beersheba, Rahat, Ramla, Lod, Nasiriyah, Tiberias, Jerusalem, Haifa and Acre.[87]

Gaza

Further information: List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2021 and Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip
Wreckage of a bus and car in Holon after a rocket attack

Hamas demanded Israel remove its forces from Al-Aqsa mosque by 10 May, 6pm.[88][89] Minutes after the deadline passed,[90] Hamas fired more than 150 rockets into Israel from Gaza.[91] The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said that seven rockets were fired toward Jerusalem and Beit Shemesh and that one was intercepted.[92] An anti-tank missile was also fired at an Israeli civilian vehicle, injuring the driver.[93] Israel launched air strikes in the Gaza strip on the same day.[94]

On 11 May, the 13-story residential Hanadi Tower in Gaza collapsed after being hit by an Israeli airstrike.[95][96] The tower housed a mix of residential apartments and commercial offices.[97] IDF said the building contained offices used by Hamas, and said it gave "advance warning to civilians in the building and provided sufficient time for them to evacuate the site";[96] Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad fired 137 rockets at Tel Aviv in five minutes. Hamas stated that they fired their "largest ever barrage".[98] In addition, an Israeli state-owned oil pipeline was hit by a rocket.[99]

Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip

On 12 May, the Israeli Air Force destroyed dozens of police and security installations along the Gaza Strip; Hamas said its police headquarters were among the targets destroyed.[100] Over 850 rockets were launched from Gaza into Israel on 12 May.[101] According to the IDF, at least 200 rockets launched by Hamas failed to reach Israel, and fell inside the Gaza Strip.[102]

Israel's F-16 Fighting Falcon

On 13 May, Israeli forces and militant groups in Gaza continued to exchange artillery fire and airstrikes. Hamas attempted to deploy suicide drones against Israeli targets, with an Israeli airforce F-16 engaging and shooting down one such drone.[103][better source needed] Iron Dome is destroying many but not all dangerous rockets fired at Israel.[104] On 14 May, Israel Defense Forces' ground and air troops claimed they had troops on the ground and in the air attacking the Gaza Strip,[105] although this claim was later retracted and followed with an apology for misleading the press. That same day, the Israeli Air Force launched a massive bombardment of Hamas' tunnel network as well as above-ground positions, reportedly inflicting heavy casualties. It was suspected that the reports of an Israeli ground invasion had been a deliberate ruse to lure Hamas operatives into the tunnels and prepared positions above ground to confront Israeli ground forces so that large numbers could then be killed by airstrikes. According to an Israeli official, the attacks killed hundreds of Hamas personnel, and in addition, 20 Hamas commanders were assassinated and most of its rocket production capabilities were destroyed.[106][107][108][109]

The Al-Jalaa media building

On 15 May the IDF targeted the Al Jalaa building in Gaza, which housed Al Jazeera and Associated Press journalists, and a number of other offices and apartments.[110][111][112] The building was hit by at least 4 missiles, approximately an hour after Israeli forces called the building's owner, warning of the attack and advising all occupants to evacuate.[111][113]

Gary Pruitt, CEO of Associated Press, said the news agency was "shocked and horrified that the Israeli military would target and destroy the building housing AP’s bureau and other news organizations in Gaza."[114][113] He added that "the world will know less about what is happening in Gaza because of what happened today."[114][115]

An Israeli military spokesperson confirmed the Army struck the media building, saying it contained "Hamas military intelligence".[113][116]

West Bank

On 14 May, 11 Palestinians were killed in clashes with Israeli troops,[117] including one who attempted to stab a soldier, and more than 100 Palestinians were injured.[118][119] There have been daily demonstrations since the escalation in Gaza.[120] As of 16 May, a total of 13 Palestinians have been killed in the West Bank.[121]

Israeli–Lebanese border

On 13 May three rockets were fired from the al-Rashidiya Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon across the Israeli–Lebanese border, landing in the Mediterranean Sea. Hezbollah denied responsibility for the rocket launches and Lebanese Army troops were deployed to the refugee camp, finding several rockets there.[122]

Casualties

As of 15 May, according to the Gaza health ministry, at least 139 people have been killed in Gaza, including 39 minors, and more than 1,000 others wounded.[123][124] 11 deaths in Israel were reported,[2] including one Indian woman living and working in Israel.[125]

A Hamas commander, identified as Mohammed Abdullah Fayyad, as well as three high-ranking Islamic Jihad commanders were also killed. Another Hamas member was killed on 11 May. The deaths of the five commanders were confirmed by official statements of both the groups. The deaths of other militants are suspected, but not however confirmed.[126][127][39] It is disputed whether some of the first victims on 10 May died as a result of an Israeli airstrike or an errant Palestinian rocket.[39][128]

On 11 May, Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad launched hundreds of rockets at Ashdod and Ashkelon, killing two people and wounding more than 90 others.[93][129][130] A third Israeli woman from Rishon LeZion was also killed,[131] while two more civilians from Dahmash and a soldier died the next day.[132][133][134]

Bassem Issa, a top Hamas commander, was killed.[135][136]

Diplomacy

Further information: International reactions to 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis

China, Norway and Tunisia have requested a public UNSC meeting for 14 May while the United States has objected. The council has met privately twice but has not been able to agree on a statement over United States objections. On 12 May, it was announced that Hady Amr, U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary for Israeli-Palestinian Affairs and Press and Public Diplomacy, would be sent to the region "immediately".[137] Truce efforts by Egypt, Qatar and the United Nations have so far offered no sign of progress.[138]

On 13 May, Hamas made a proposal for a ceasefire, stating that it was prepared to halt attacks on a 'mutual basis'. Netanyahu informed his cabinet that Israel had rejected the overture.[139]

The United Nations secretary general António Guterres called for an immediate ceasefire, "out of respect for the spirit of Eid", making reference to Eid al-Fitr, an Islamic festival which marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan.[109]

Hady Amr arrived in Tel Aviv for discussions on how to achieve a "sustainable calm" ahead of a UN Security Council meeting on 16 May.[140]

On 16 May, US President Joe Biden held telephone calls with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.[141]

Israeli and Palestinian reactions

Pro-Palestinian demonstration in Vancouver, Canada on 12 May 2021

On 9 May 2021, the Israeli Supreme Court delayed the expected decision on evictions for 30 days, after an intervention from Attorney General of Israel Avichai Mandelblit.[142] Israel Police also banned Jews from going to the al-Aqsa plaza for Jerusalem Day festivities.[143] On 10 May, Israel closed the Kerem Shalom border crossing, including for humanitarian aid.[144] Due to rocket fire on 11 May, the Israel Airports Authority briefly halted air travel.[145]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu defended the actions of the Israeli police and said that Israel "shall not allow any radical element to undermine the calm". He also said "we firmly reject the pressure not to build in Jerusalem".[146] Israeli officials asked the Biden administration not to intervene in the situation.[147]

On 10 May 2021, President of the Palestinian Authority, Mahmoud Abbas, issued a statement that the "brutal storming and assault on worshipers in the blessed al-Aqsa Mosque and its courtyards is a new challenge to the international community".[148]

Israel's Minister for Public Security Amir Ohana called for the release of the Israeli man arrested for the shooting of an Arab in Lod, arguing without providing evidence that the suspect was acting in self-defense and law-abiding citizens bearing arms assist the authorities. According to a Guardian report, the statement seemed to encourage mob violence.[139]

A spokesman for Palestinian Islamic Jihad said that Israel "started the aggression on Jerusalem. If this aggression does not end, there is no point to diplomatic efforts to reach a cease-fire".[149] Hamas gave an ultimatum to the Israeli government, saying if they did not remove forces from the mosque by 2 a.m. on 11 May, then they would conduct another rocket strike.[150]

Netanyahu convened an emergency security meeting on 11 May, and schools in several parts of Israel were closed.[151]

Israeli president Reuven Rivlin condemned the riots in Lod, describing them as a pogrom.[152]

David M Weinberg, vice president of the Jerusalem Institute for Strategic Studies opined that Israel need not apologize for the tragic civilian casualties in Gaza. Hamas is a catastrophe and Israel has no option but to take on the hard work of frequently ‘mow(ing) the grass’ in Gaza. Unless one does that as in gardens, weeds flourish and ‘snakes begin to slither around in the brush.’ ‘Mow the grass' is an Israeli military metaphor for a strategy of resorting to displays of overwhelming military force in Gaza. The strategy is criticized by Zehava Gal-On as assuming talking with Palestinians is pointless, and only results in perpetual war.[153]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

See also

References

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External links

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