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1958 FIFA World Cup

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1958 FIFA World Cup
Världsmästerskapet i Fotboll
Sverige 1958
File:WorldCup1958logo.jpg
1958 FIFA World Cup official logo
Tournament details
Host countrySweden
Dates8–29 June (22 days)
Teams16 (from 3 confederations)
Venue(s)12 (in 12 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Brazil (1st title)
Runners-up Sweden
Third place France
Fourth place West Germany
Tournament statistics
Matches played35
Goals scored126 (3.6 per match)
Attendance819,810 (23,423 per match)
Top scorer(s)France Just Fontaine (13 goals)
Best young playerBrazil Pelé
1954
1962

The 1958 FIFA World Cup, the sixth staging of the World Cup, was hosted by Sweden from 8 to 29 June. The tournament was won by Brazil, who beat Sweden 5–2 in the final for their first title. To date, this marks the only occasion that a World Cup staged in Europe was not won by a European team. The tournament is also notable for marking the debut on the world stage of a then largely unknown 17-year-old Pelé.

Host selection

Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament.[1] Swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals.[1] Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed on 23 June 1950.[2]

Qualification

Qualifying countries and their results

The hosts (Sweden) and the defending champions (West Germany) qualified automatically. Of the remaining 14 places, nine were allocated to Europe, three to South America, one to North/Central America, and one to Asia/Africa.

This World Cup saw the entry and qualification of the Soviet Union for the first time, and the only qualification of all the United Kingdom's Home Nations: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Aside from the main European zone matches, Wales, which finished second in its group behind Czechoslovakia, was drawn into a play-off with Israel after Israel won its group by default because its three opponents, Turkey, Indonesia and Sudan, refused to play. FIFA had imposed a rule that no team would qualify without playing at least one match, something that had happened in several previous World Cups. Wales won the play-off and qualified.

On 8 February 1958, in Solna, Lennart Hyland and Sven Jerring presented the results of the draw where the qualified teams were divided into four groups. Seeding was geographical rather than by team strength, with each group containing one western European team, one eastern European team, one of the four British teams that had qualified, and one from the Americas.[3]

This tournament saw the first, and, as of 2014, the only, appearance of Wales at a World Cup finals, and the only time that England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have qualified for the same tournament. It also marked the debuts of the Soviet Union and Northern Ireland. Argentina appeared for the first time since 1934. This would be Paraguay's last finals appearance until 1986, Northern Ireland's last until 1982, and Austria's last until 1978.

This FIFA World Cup finals remains the only occasion on which Italy failed to qualify (Italy did not take part in the 1930 tournament but there was no qualification for that competition). Other teams that failed to qualify were Uruguay, Spain and Belgium.

Format

The format of the competition changed from 1954: 16 teams still competed in four groups of four, but this time each team played each of the other teams in its group at least once, without extra time in the event of a draw. Two points were awarded for a win and one point for a draw. If the first two teams finished on equal points then goal average would decide who was placed first and second. As in 1954, if the second and third placed teams finished on the same points, then there would be a play-off with the winner going through. If a play-off resulted in a draw, goal average from the group games would be used to determine who went through to the next round. If the goal averages were equal then lots would have been drawn. These arrangements had not been finalised by the time the tournament started and were still being debated as it progressed. Some teams complained that a play-off match, meaning three games in five days, was too much, and before the second round of group matches FIFA informed the teams that goal average would be used before resorting to a play-off.[4] This was overturned when the Swedish Football Association complained, ostensibly that it was wrong to change the rules mid-tournament, but also because it wanted the extra revenue from playoff matches.[4]

This was the first time that goal average was available to separate teams in a World Cup. It was used to separate the teams finishing first and second in one of the groups. However all three playoffs finished with decisive results and so it was not needed to separate the teams involved in a tied playoff.

Almost all the matches kicked off simultaneously in each of the three rounds of the group phase, as did the quarter-finals and semi-finals. The exceptions were Sweden's three group matches, all of which were televised by Sveriges Radio; these started at other times so Swedes could attend other matches without missing their own team's. Apart from these, one match per round was televised, and relayed across Europe by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Many Swedes bought their first television for the World Cup.

The official ball was the "Top-Star VMbollen 1958" model made by Sydsvenska Läder & Remfabriks AB (aka "Remmen" or "Sydläder") in Ängelholm. It was chosen from 102 candidates in a blind test by four FIFA officials.[5][6]

Summary

The official 1958 FIFA World Cup poster.

In Group 4, Pelé did not play until the last of Brazil's group games, against the Soviet Union. He failed to score, but Brazil won the game 2–0 (much thanks to an impressive exhibition of dribbling prowess by his partner Garrincha) and the group by two points. Previously, they had drawn 0–0 with England in what was the first ever goalless game in World Cup history. Eventually, the Soviet Union and England went to a playoff game, in which Anatoli Ilyin scored in the 67th minute to knock England out, while Austria had already been eliminated. The English side had been weakened by the Munich Air Disaster which killed three internationals on the books of Manchester United, including England's young star Duncan Edwards.

Playoffs were also needed in Group 1 (Northern Ireland beat Czechoslovakia to join the defending champions West Germany in the quarter-finals) and Group 3 (Wales topped Hungary to advance with hosts Sweden). Hungary had become a spent force after their appearance in the final of the previous tournament. They had lost their best players two years before, when they fled in the wake of the failed uprising against the communist regime. In a rather restrictive sense, from the 1954 team, only goalkeeper Gyula Grosics, defender Jozsef Bozsik and forward Nándor Hidegkuti remained.

In Group 2, Scotland faced Yugoslavia, Paraguay, and France. France topped the group, with Just Fontaine netting six goals. Yugoslavia finished second, while Scotland came in last.

The quarter-finals saw France's Just Fontaine continue in similar form to the group stage, managing another two goals as France triumphed over Northern Ireland. West Germany's Helmut Rahn put them into the semi-finals with a single goal against Yugoslavia, while Sweden went though at the expense of USSR. The other game in the quarter-finals saw Pelé score the only goal against Wales.

In the semi-finals, Sweden continued their strong run as they defeated West Germany 3–1 in a vicious game that saw the German player Erich Juskowiak sent off (the first ever German player to be sent off in an international game) and German team captain Fritz Walter injured, which further weakened the German team (substitutes were first allowed in the 1970 FIFA World Cup).

While another goal from Fontaine of France added to his impressive tally, it was not enough to prevent Brazil thundering into the Final as a Pelé hat-trick gave them a 5–2 victory. The French were effectively down to ten men from the 30th minute onwards when their most experienced defender and captain Robert Jonquet got incapacitated after a clash with Vavá. The third place match saw Fontaine score four more goals as France defeated West Germany 6–3. This brought his total to 13 goals in one competition, a record that still stands.

Final

The final was played in Solna, in the Råsunda Stadium; 50,000 people watched as the Brazilians went a goal down after four minutes. However Vavá equalised shortly afterwards and then put them a goal ahead before half time. In the second half Pelé outshone everyone, notching up two goals, including the first one where he lobbed the ball over Bengt Gustavsson then followed it with a precise volley shot. Zagallo added a goal in between, and Sweden managed a consolation goal.

The Final holds many records in World Cup history. Pelé became the youngest player to play a World Cup Finals, the youngest scorer in a World Cup Final and the youngest player to win a World Cup Winner's Medal. Nils Liedholm became the oldest player to score in a World Cup Final (35 years, 263 Days). This final had the highest number of goals scored by a winning team (5), the highest number of total goals scored (7); together with the World Cup finals in 1970 and 1998, it also had the greatest victory margin (3).

The game is also notable for the first and only appearance of Sweden in a World Cup Final, and for the first Brazilian win of a World Cup Final.

Venues

1958 FIFA World Cup is located in Sweden
Borås
Borås
Eskilstuna
Eskilstuna
Gothenburg
Gothenburg
Halmstad
Halmstad
Helsingborg
Helsingborg
Malmö
Malmö
Norrköping
Norrköping
Örebro
Örebro
Sandviken
Sandviken
Stockholm
Stockholm
Uddevalla
Uddevalla
Västerås
Västerås
A map showing the locations of the venues used at the 1958 FIFA World Cup

A total of twelve cities hosted the tournament. FIFA regulations required at least six stadiums to have a capacity of at least 20,000.[7] If Denmark had qualified, the organisers had planned to use the Idrætsparken in Copenhagen for Denmark's group matches.[7] The Idrætsparken was renovated in 1956 with this in mind, but Denmark lost out to England in qualification.[7] When doubts arose about whether funding would be forthcoming for rebuilding the Ullevi and Malmö Stadion, the organisers considered stadiums in Copenhagen and Oslo as contingency measures.[8]

The Rasunda Stadium was expanded from 38,000 for the World Cup by building end stands.[9] Organising committee chairman Holger Bergérus mortgaged his house to pay for this.[9]

The new Malmö Stadion was built for the World Cup, replacing the 1896 Malmö Stadion at a new site[10]

The Idrottsparken had 4,709 seats added for the World Cup. The Social Democratic municipal government refused to pay for this until the organisers threatened to select Folkungavallen in Linköping instead.[11]

At the Rimnersvallen, a stand from the smaller Oddevallen stadium was moved to Rimnersvallen for the World Cup. The crowd at Brazil v. Austria was estimated at 21,000, with more looking in from the adjoining hillside.[9]

Venues

Twelve cities throughout the central and southern parts of Sweden hosted the tournament. The most used stadium was the Rasunda Stadium in Stockholm, which hosted 8 matches including the final, followed by the Ullevi Stadium in Gothenburg (the biggest stadium used during the tournament), which hosted 7 matches.

Solna (Stockholm) Gothenburg Malmö Helsingborg
Råsunda Stadium Ullevi Stadium Malmö Stadion Olympia
Capacity: 52,400 Capacity: 53,500 Capacity: 30,000 Capacity: 27,000
Eskilstuna Norrköping Sandviken Uddevalla
Tunavallen Idrottsparken Jernvallen Rimnersvallen
Capacity: 20,000 Capacity: 20,000 Capacity: 20,000 Capacity: 17,778
Borås Halmstad Örebro Västerås
Ryavallen Örjans Vall Eyravallen Arosvallen
Capacity: 15,000 Capacity: 15,000 Capacity: 13,000 Capacity: 10,000

Match officials

22 match officials were assigned to the tournament to serve as referees and assistant referees.

Seeding

Western European Pot Eastern European Pot British Pot Americas Pot

The geographical basis of the seeding attracted criticism, especially from Austria, who were drawn against the teams considered strongest in each of the other three pots.[12]

Squads

For a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see 1958 FIFA World Cup squads.

The team of the tournament voted by journalists was as follows:[13]

Although Just Fontaine got more votes than any other forward, they were split between the left and right inside forward positions.[13]

Results

Group stage

Group 1

The West Germans, surprise world champions four years before, were still very strong, and fielded an exciting young forward in Uwe Seeler. But the Germans this time had to contend with a real powerhouse in Argentina's team, competing for the first time since 1934. In fact, many experts[who?] thought Argentina had a very realistic chance of winning the World Cup this time.

Czechoslovakia was a fairly strong team with a rich football tradition, and was considered to be no walk-over for the Germans or the Argentinians, but nobody expected much from tiny Northern Ireland. But the Northern Irish had already shown that they could be a danger to anyone, by knocking out double world champions Italy in the qualifying tournament for the World Cup.

In the end, the Northern Irish did pull off one of the biggest upsets in World Cup Finals history by qualifying for the quarter-finals, beating Czechoslovakia in a play-off. Finishing last in the group with a −5 goal differential was a horrible blow for Argentina, and on the way home the Argentinian team met the wrath of several thousand angry football fans at Ezeiza Airport in Buenos Aires.[14]

Team Pld W D L GF GA GAv Pts
 West Germany 3 1 2 0 7 5 1.40 4
 Northern Ireland 3 1 1 1 4 5 0.80 3
 Czechoslovakia 3 1 1 1 8 4 2.00 3
 Argentina 3 1 0 2 5 10 0.50 2
  • Northern Ireland finished ahead of Czechoslovakia by winning a play-off
Argentina 1–3 West Germany
Corbatta 3' Report Rahn 32', 79'
Seeler 42'
Attendance: 31,156
Referee: Leafe (England)

Argentina forgot to bring their change strip, and borrowed the yellow shirt of host team IFK Malmö.[15]

Northern Ireland 1–0 Czechoslovakia
Cush 21' Report
Attendance: 10,647
Referee: Seipelt (Austria)

West Germany 2–2 Czechoslovakia
Schäfer 60'
Rahn 71'
Report Dvořák 24' (pen.)
Zikán 42'
Attendance: 25,000
Referee: Ellis (England)
Argentina 3–1 Northern Ireland
Corbatta 37' (pen.)
Menéndez 56'
Avio 60'
Report McParland 4'
Attendance: 14,174
Referee: Ahlner (Sweden)

West Germany 2–2 Northern Ireland
Rahn 20'
Seeler 78'
Report McParland 18', 60'
Attendance: 21,990
Referee: Campos (Portugal)
Czechoslovakia 6–1 Argentina
Dvořák 8'
Zikán 17', 39'
Feureisl 68'
Hovorka 81', 89'
Report Corbatta 64' (pen.)
Attendance: 16,418
Referee: Ellis (England)
Play-off
Northern Ireland 2–1 (a.e.t.) Czechoslovakia
McParland 44', 97' Report Zikán 18'
Attendance: 6,196
Referee: Guigue (France)

Group 2

The second group saw the largest number of goals scored in a single group in the 1958 World Cup with 27 goals in total (4.5 goals per game). Just Fontaine of France scored 6 of his 13 goals in the tournament, making him the tournament's top scorer going into the quarter-finals.

None of the teams in this group had been particularly successful at previous World Cups. France, despite having hosted the 1938 event, had not achieved any real World Cup success, Yugoslavia had not been able to replicate their semi-final success of 1930 and Paraguay and Scotland were considered underdogs during the tournament.

France won the group ahead of Yugoslavia and would go on to finish third.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GAv Pts
 France 3 2 0 1 11 7 1.57 4
 Yugoslavia 3 1 2 0 7 6 1.17 4
 Paraguay 3 1 1 1 9 12 0.75 3
 Scotland 3 0 1 2 4 6 0.67 1
  • France finished ahead of Yugoslavia on goal average
France 7–3 Paraguay
Fontaine 24', 30', 67'
Piantoni 52'
Wisnieski 61'
Kopa 70'
Vincent 83'
Report Amarilla 20', 44' (pen.)
Romero 50'
Attendance: 16,518
Referee: Gardeazabal (Spain)

Yugoslavia 1–1 Scotland
Petaković 6' Report Murray 49'
Attendance: 9,591
Referee: Wyssling (Switzerland)

Yugoslavia 3–2 France
Petaković 16'
Veselinović 63', 88'
Report Fontaine 4', 85'
Attendance: 12,217

Paraguay 3–2 Scotland
Agüero 4'
45'
Parodi 73'
Report Mudie 24'
Collins 74'
Attendance: 11,665
Referee: Orlandini (Italy)

France 2–1 Scotland
Kopa 22'
Fontaine 44'
Report Baird 58'
Attendance: 13,554
Referee: Brozzi (Argentina)

Paraguay 3–3 Yugoslavia
Parodi 20'
Agüero 52'
Romero 80'
Report Ognjanović 18'
Veselinović 21'
Rajkov 73'
Attendance: 13,103
Referee: Macko (Czechoslovakia)

Group 3

The Swedish hosts could count themselves lucky in ending up in a rather weak group, which they proceeded to win fairly easily with their powerful workmanlike football. The group did of course include Hungary, which had been considered by far the best team in the world some years ago – although the Hungarians could not beat West Germany in the final of the World Cup in 1954. But the Hungarian team had been dealt a blow by the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, after which star players like Sándor Kocsis and Ferenc Puskás left their homeland. Striker Nándor Hidegkuti was still playing, but he was by now 36 years old and nowhere near his former form.

In spite of Hungary's recent travails, everyone expected the Hungarian players to advance from their group. The success of Wales therefore was a great surprise, but the Welsh managed to draw all the group games and then beat the once-mighty Hungarians in a play-off match to decide which nation should follow Sweden into the knock-out stage. Had goal difference been the decider, Hungary would have gone through, as the Hungarians had a goal ratio 6–3 compared to 2–2 of Wales. As it was, Wales had the honour of meeting Brazil in the quarterfinals and becoming the recipient of young Pelé's first World Cup goal. The 1–1 draw between Wales and Mexico was the first point scored by Mexico in a World Cup.[citation needed]

The match between Hungary and Mexico in Sandviken became the northern-most World Cup match in history.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GAv Pts
 Sweden 3 2 1 0 5 1 5.00 5
 Wales 3 0 3 0 2 2 1.00 3
 Hungary 3 1 1 1 6 3 2.00 3
 Mexico 3 0 1 2 1 8 0.13 1
  • Wales finished ahead of Hungary by winning a play-off
Sweden 3–0 Mexico
Simonsson 17', 64'
Liedholm 57' (pen.)
Report
Attendance: 34,107
Referee: Latychev (Soviet Union)

Hungary 1–1 Wales
Bozsik 5' Report J. Charles 27'
Attendance: 15,343
Referee: Codesal (Uruguay)

Mexico 1–1 Wales
Belmonte 89' Report I. Allchurch 32'
Attendance: 15,150
Referee: Lemesic (Yugoslavia)

Sweden 2–1 Hungary
Hamrin 34', 55' Report Tichy 77'
Attendance: 38,850
Referee: Mowat (Scotland)

Sweden 0–0 Wales
Report
Attendance: 30,287
Referee: Van Nuffel (Belgium)

Hungary 4–0 Mexico
Tichy 19', 46'
Sándor 54'
Bencsics 69'
Report
Attendance: 13,300
Play-off
Wales 2–1 Hungary
I. Allchurch 55'
Medwin 76'
Report Tichy 33'
Attendance: 2,823
Referee: Latychev (Soviet Union)

Group 4

In advance the experts considered the Fourth group the toughest one in this World Cup. Notwithstanding the disappointments of the previous tournaments, Brazil were considered extremely powerful, as would indeed prove to be the case. The Soviet Union were the reigning Olympic champion and Austria had won the bronze medal in the 1954 World Cup in Switzerland, four years earlier. And although England, weakened by the loss of several players at the Munich air disaster, were not considered at their very best, they were still always a formidable team.

In the end, this group had the highest average attendance, even higher than Group 3 with the host nation, Sweden.

The quality of the football in this group did not quite live up to expectations, however. Only 15 goals were scored in the whole group, lower than in any of the other groups. And when England and Brazil drew 0–0, it was the first time in World Cup history that a game ended with no goals.

Brazil won the group without conceding a single goal. The teenage Pelé played Brazil's last game against the Soviet Union. He did not score but drew wild reviews for his play. The Soviet Union, in their first World Cup, took second place.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GAv Pts
 Brazil 3 2 1 0 5 0 5
 Soviet Union 3 1 1 1 4 4 1.00 3
 England 3 0 3 0 4 4 1.00 3
 Austria 3 0 1 2 2 7 0.29 1
  • The Soviet Union finished ahead of England by winning a play-off
Brazil 3–0 Austria
Altafini 37', 85'
Nílton Santos 50'
Report
Attendance: 17,778
Referee: Guigue (France)

Soviet Union 2–2 England
Simonyan 13'
A. Ivanov 56'
Report Kevan 66'
Finney 85' (pen.)
Attendance: 49,348
Referee: Zsolt (Hungary)

Brazil 0–0 England
Report
Attendance: 40,895
Referee: Dusch (West Germany) [16]

This was the first goalless draw in World Cup finals history.[17]


Soviet Union 2–0 Austria
Ilyin 15'
V. Ivanov 62'
Report
Attendance: 21,239
Referee: Jorgensen (Denmark)

England 2–2 Austria
Haynes 56'
Kevan 74'
Report Koller 15'
Körner 71'
Attendance: 15,872
Referee: Bronkhorst (Netherlands)

Brazil 2–0 Soviet Union
Vavá 3', 77' Report
Attendance: 50,928
Referee: Guigue (France)
Play-off
Soviet Union 1–0 England
Ilyin 69' Report
Attendance: 23,182
Referee: Dusch (West Germany)

Knockout stage

 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
19 June – Gothenburg
 
 
 Brazil1
 
24 June – Solna
 
 Wales0
 
 Brazil5
 
19 June – Norrköping
 
 France2
 
 France4
 
29 June – Solna
 
 Northern Ireland0
 
 Brazil5
 
19 June – Solna
 
 Sweden2
 
 Sweden2
 
24 June – Gothenburg
 
 Soviet Union0
 
 Sweden3
 
19 June – Malmö
 
 West Germany1 Third place
 
 West Germany1
 
28 June – Gothenburg
 
 Yugoslavia0
 
 France6
 
 
 West Germany3
 

Quarter-finals

Brazil 1–0 Wales
Pelé 66' Report
Attendance: 25,923
Referee: Seipelt (Austria)
France 4–0 Northern Ireland
Wisnieski 22'
Fontaine 55', 63'
Piantoni 68'
Report
Attendance: 11,800
Referee: Gardeazabal (Spain)
Sweden 2–0 Soviet Union
Hamrin 49'
Simonsson 88'
Report
Attendance: 31,900
Referee: Leafe (England)
West Germany 1–0 Yugoslavia
Rahn 12' Report
Attendance: 20,055
Referee: Wyssling (Switzerland)

Semi-finals

Brazil 5–2 France
Vavá 2'
Didi 39'
Pelé 52', 64', 75'
Report Fontaine 9'
Piantoni 83'
Attendance: 27,100
Sweden 3–1 West Germany
Skoglund 32'
Gren 81'
Hamrin 88'
Report Schäfer 24'
Attendance: 49,471
Referee: Zsolt (Hungary)

Match for third place

France 6–3 West Germany
Fontaine 16', 36', 50', 89'
Kopa 27' (pen.)
Douis 78'
Report Cieslarczyk 18'
Rahn 52'
Schäfer 84'
Attendance: 32,483
Referee: Brozzi (Argentina)

Final

Brazil 5–2 Sweden
Vavá 9', 32'
Pelé 55', 90'
Zagallo 68'
Report Liedholm 4'
Simonsson 80'
Attendance: 49,737

Goalscorers

[18]

With 13 goals, Just Fontaine is the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 126 goals were scored by 60 different players, with none of them credited as own goal.

13 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal

FIFA retrospective ranking

In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[19][20] The rankings for the 1958 tournament were as follows:

R Team G P W D L GF GA GD Pts.
1  Brazil 4 6 5 1 0 16 4 +12 11
2  Sweden 3 6 4 1 1 12 7 +5 9
3  France 2 6 4 0 2 23 15 +8 8
4  West Germany 1 6 2 2 2 12 14 −2 6
Eliminated in the quarter-finals
5  Yugoslavia 2 4 1 2 1 7 7 0 4
6  Wales 3 4 0 3 1 2 3 −1 3
7  Soviet Union 4 4 1 1 2 4 6 −2 3
8  Northern Ireland 1 4 1 1 2 4 9 −5 3
Eliminated in the group stage
9  Czechoslovakia 1 3 1 1 1 8 4 +4 3
10  Hungary 3 3 1 1 1 6 3 +3 3
11  England 4 3 0 3 0 4 4 0 3
12  Paraguay 2 3 1 1 1 9 12 −3 3
13  Argentina 1 3 1 0 2 5 10 −5 2
14  Scotland 2 3 0 1 2 4 6 −2 1
15  Austria 4 3 0 1 2 2 7 −5 1
16  Mexico 3 3 0 1 2 1 8 −7 1

See also

  • Conspiracy 58, a mockumentary conspiracy theory film claiming the 1958 World Cup never happened.

References

  • Norlin, Arne (2008). 1958: När Folkhemmet Fick Fotbolls-VM (in Swedish). Malmö: Ross & Tegner. ISBN 978-91-976144-8-1.
  1. ^ a b Norlin, pp.24–25
  2. ^ "FIFA World Cup: host announcement decision" (PDF). FIFA. 12 March 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  3. ^ "History of the World Cup Final Draw" (PDF). Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  4. ^ a b Norlin, p.117
  5. ^ Norlin, pp.130–6
  6. ^ "Top Star 1958". balones-oficiales.com. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  7. ^ a b c Norlin, p.23
  8. ^ Norlin, p.32
  9. ^ a b c Norlin, p.27
  10. ^ Norlin, p.30
  11. ^ Norlin, p.28
  12. ^ Norlin, p.8
  13. ^ a b Norlin, p.273
  14. ^ Mundo Deportivo, 23 June 1958; El Grafico, 27 June 1958.
  15. ^ Norlin, p.57
  16. ^ FIFA anachronistically indicates the referee as a representative from 'GER' and not 'FRG' as it should have been at the time.
  17. ^ Norlin, p.88
  18. ^ "1958 FIFA World Cup Sweden ™". FIFA.com. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  19. ^ "page 45" (PDF). Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  20. ^ "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.

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