Kagwahiva language
| Kawahiva | |
|---|---|
| Kawahib | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Mato Grosso |
| Ethnicity | (see varieties below) |
Native speakers | 870 (2000–2006)[1] |
Tupian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:pah – Tenharim–Parintintínurz – Uru-eu-wau-waukuq – Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo)jua – Júmaxmo – Morerebitkf – ? Tukumanféd (unattested)wir – Wirafédpaf – Paranawátadw – Amondawaapi – Apiacá |
| Glottolog | tupi1280 |
| ELP | |
Kawahiva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster of Brazil. The major variety is Tenharin (Tenharin).
The Tenharim, Parintintín, Amondawa, Uru-eu-wau-wau and Júma peoples, along with a recently contacted group confusingly labeled "Karipuná" in the literature, all call themselves Kavahiva. Their speech is all very similar, and also similar with other languages now extinct. Apiaká (incl. Wiraféd) is very similar and may be a dialect.[2]
Phonology
Tenharin dialect
Phoneme Inventory of the Tenharin Dialect:[3]
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back |
| High | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
| Low | a ã |
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Post-
alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Labio-
velar |
Glottal |
| Stop/affricate | p | t | tʃ | k | kʷ | ʔ | |
| Fricative | β | h | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ||
| Tap, flap | ɾ |
Júma dialect
Phoneme Inventory of the Júma Dialect:[4]
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back |
| High | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
| Low | a ã |
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Plain stop | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| Voiced stop | ɡ | ||||
| Fricative | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Approximant | j | w | |||
| Tap, flap | ɾ |
References
- ^ Tenharim–Parintintín at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Uru-eu-wau-wau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Júma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Morerebi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box) - ^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
- ^ "Tenharim". www.linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
- ^ "Júma". www.linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
External links
- Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Tenharim". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
- Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Júma". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
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