Mulayam Singh Yadav

Mulayam Singh Yadav
Chairman of the Samajwadi Party
In office 1992–2017
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Akhilesh Yadav
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
Incumbent
Assumed office 23 May 2019.
Preceded by	Tej Pratap Singh Yadav
Constituency	Mainpuri
In office 2014–2019
Preceded by	Ramakant Yadav
Succeeded by	Akhilesh Yadav
Constituency	Azamgarh
In office 2009–2014
Constituency	Mainpuri
In office 2004–2004
Constituency	Mainpuri
In office 1998–2004
Preceded by	D. P. Yadav
Succeeded by	Ram Gopal Yadav
Constituency	Sambhal
In office 1996–1998
Constituency	Mainpuri
15th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
In office 29 August 2003 – 13 May 2007
Preceded by	Mayawati
Succeeded by	Mayawati
In office 5 December 1993 – 3 June 1995
Preceded by	President's Rule
Succeeded by	Mayawati
In office 5 December 1989 – 24 June 1991
Preceded by	Narayan Datt Tiwari
Succeeded by	Kalyan Singh
Minister of Defence (India)
In office 1 June 1996 – 19 March 1998
Prime Minister	H. D. Deve Gowda, I. K. Gujral
Preceded by	Pramod Mahajan
Succeeded by	George Fernandes
Member of Legislative Assembly, Uttar Pradesh
In office 1967–1969
Preceded by	Natthu Singh
Succeeded by	Bishambhar Singh Yadav
Constituency	Jaswantnagar
In office 1974–1980
Preceded by	Bishambhar Singh Yadav
Succeeded by	Balram Singh Yadav
Constituency	Jaswantnagar
In office 1985–1996
Preceded by	Balram Singh Yadav
Succeeded by	Shivpal Singh Yadav
Personal details
Born	(1939-11-22) 22 November 1939 Saifai, United Provinces, British India
Political party	Samajwadi Party (1992-present)
Other political affiliations	Socialist Party Bharatiya Lok Dal Janata Party Lok Dal (B) Janata Dal
Spouse	(1) Malati Devi (2) Sadhana Gupta
Relations	Shivpal Singh Yadav (brother) Ram Gopal Yadav (cousin) Dimple Yadav (daughter-in-law) Kamla Devi Yadav (sister) Dharmendra Yadav (nephew) Akshay Yadav (nephew) Tej Pratap Singh Yadav (grandnephew) Aparna Yadav (daughter-in-law)
Children	Akhilesh Yadav, Prateek Yadav
Residence(s)	Saifai, Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh
Education	Masters of Arts
Alma mater	K. K. College, Etawah A.K. College, Shikohabad B.R. College Agra University
Occupation	Politician
Profession	Agriculturist

Mulayam Singh Yadav (22 November 1939) is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh and the founder-patron of the Samajwadi Party. He served for three non-consecutive terms as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 1989 to 1991, 1993 to 1995 and 2003 to 2007 respectively and also served as the Minister of Defence from 1996 to 1998 in the United Front government. He had also served as the Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha from Azamgarh between 2014 and 2019. He was the Member of Parliament, representing the constituency of Mainpuri in the lower house.

Personal life

Mulayam Singh Yadav was born to Murti Devi and Sughar Singh Yadav on 22 November 1939 in Saifai village, Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Yadav had three degrees—B.A., B.T. and M.A. in political science from Karm Kshetra Post Graduate College in Etawah, A. K. College in Shikohabad, and B. R. College, Agra University respectively.

Yadav had married twice. His first wife, Malti Devi, suffered complications while giving birth to their first child, Akhilesh Yadav. She was in a vegetative state until May 2003 when she died. Akhilesh went on to become the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 2012 to 2017. Yadav had a relationship with Sadhana Gupta while still married to Malti Devi in the 1980s and the couple had a son named Prateek in 1988. Gupta was not well known until February 2007, when the relationship was admitted in India's Supreme Court. Prateek Yadav manages the land-holdings of the Yadav family. A film named "Main Mulayam Singh Yadav" is being made on the life of Mulayam Singh Yadav. Actor Amyth Sethi will play the title role in the movie which is directed by Suvendu Raj Ghosh and produced by Meena Sethi Mondal.

Early political career

Groomed by leaders such as Ram Manohar Lohia and Raj Narain, Yadav was first elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in 1967. Yadav served eight terms there. In 1975, during Indira Gandhi's imposition of the Emergency, Yadav was arrested and kept in custody for 19 months. He first became a state minister in 1977. Later, in 1980, he became the president of the Lok Dal (People's Party) in Uttar Pradesh which became a part of the Janata Dal (People's Party) afterwards. In 1982, he was elected leader of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council and held that post until 1985. When the Lok Dal party split, Yadav launched the Krantikari Morcha party.

Chief Minister

First term

Yadav first became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1989.

After the collapse of the V. P. Singh national government in November 1990, Yadav joined Chandra Shekhar's Janata Dal (Socialist) party and continued in office as chief minister with the support of the Indian National Congress (INC). His government fell when the INC withdrew their support in April 1991 in the aftermath of developments at the national level where it has earlier withdrawn its support for Chandra Shekhar's government. Mid-term elections to Uttar Pradesh assembly were held in mid-1991, in which Mulayam Singh's party lost power to the BJP.

Second term

In 1992, Yadav founded his own Samajwadi Party (Socialist Party). In 1993, he allied with the Bahujan Samaj Party for the elections to Uttar Pradesh assembly due to be held in November 1993. The alliance between Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party prevented the return of BJP to power in the state. Yadav became chief minister of Uttar Pradesh with the support of Congress and Janata Dal. His stand on movement for demanding separate statehood for Uttarakhand was as much controversial as his stand on Ayodhya movement in 1990 was. There was a firing on Uttarakhand activists at Muzaffarnagar on 2 October 1994, something for which Uttarakhand activists held him responsible. He continued holding that post until his ally opted into another alliance in June 1998.

Third term

In 2002, following a fluid post-election situation in Uttar Pradesh, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Bahujan Samaj Party joined to form a government under Dalit leader Mayawati, who was considered to be Yadav's greatest political rival in the state. The BJP pulled out of the government on 25 August 2003, and enough rebel legislators of the Bahujan Samaj Party left to allow Yadav to become the Chief Minister, with the support of independents and small parties. He was sworn in as chief minister of Uttar Pradesh for the third time in September 2003. It is widely believed that this change was done with the blessings of the BJP, which was also ruling at the Centre then.

Yadav was still a member of the Lok Sabha when he was sworn in as chief minister. In order to meet the constitutional requirement of becoming the member of state legislature within six months of being sworn in, he contested the assembly by-election from Gunnaur assembly seat in January 2004. Yadav won by a record margin, polling almost 94 per cent of the votes.

With the hope of playing a major role at the centre, Yadav contested the 2004 Lok Sabha elections from Mainpuri while still Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. He won the seat and his Samajwadi Party won more seats in Uttar Pradesh than all other parties. However the Congress party, which formed the coalition government at the centre after the elections, had majority in the Lok Sabha with the support of the Communist parties. As a result, Yadav could not play any significant role at the centre, Yadav resigned from the Lok Sabha and chose to continue as chief minister of Uttar Pradesh until the 2007 elections, when he lost to the BSP.

Cabinet minister

In 1996, Yadav was elected to the eleventh Lok Sabha from Mainpuri constituency. In the United Front coalition government formed that year, his party joined and he was named India's Defence Minister. That government fell in 1998 as India went in for fresh elections, but he returned to the Lok Sabha that year from Sambhal parliamentary constituency. After the fall of Atal Bihari Vajpayee government at the centre in April 1999, he did not support the Congress party in the formation of the government at the Centre. He contested Lok Sabha elections of 1999 from two seats, Sambhal and Kannauj, and won from both. He resigned from Kannauj seat for his son Akhilesh in the by-elections.

Controversies

Criticism over comment on rape

The crime of rape became a capital offence in India following the 2012 Delhi gang rape incident. Yadav has opposed this change in the law, saying that "Boys will be boys. Boys commit mistakes". In response to 2014 Badaun gang rape and Yadav's comments, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said “We say no to the dismissive, destructive attitude of, 'Boys will be boys'". On 19 August 2015, Yadav remarked that gang-rapes are impractical and rape-victims in those cases tend to lie. He was summonsed by the judicial magistrate of Kulpahar court in Uttar Pradesh for that remark.

Support for a sovereign independent Tibet

Yadav has said it is necessary for India to support a sovereign and independent Tibet. He said that a past government had made a “big mistake” on the issue and noted that he had spoken against it at the time. He believed that Tibet was a traditional buffer between China and India and that India should support the Dalai Lama and Tibetan independence. Claiming that China had secreted nuclear weapons in Pakistan, he cautioned that “China is our enemy, not Pakistan. Pakistan can do us no damage”.

Family feud

Since the young Akhilesh Yadav became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 2012, surpassing Mulayam's brother Shivpal Singh Yadav, the Yadav family was divided into two feuding groups. One of the groups, led by Akhilesh, enjoyed the support of his father's cousin and National General Secretary Ram Gopal Yadav. The rival group was led by Mulayam Singh and supported by his brother and State Chief of Party, Shivpal Yadav, and a friend, MP Amar Singh. Akhilesh had fired his uncle twice from his cabinet as it was seen by many as a direct challenge to his father, who has steadily supported Shivpal over Akhilesh. On 30 December 2016, Mulayam Yadav expelled his son Akhilesh and his cousin Ram Gopal from the party for six years on the grounds of indiscipline, only to revoke the decision 24 hours later. Akhilesh, in response, stripped his father off the party presidency and instead named him the chief patron of the party following the national convention of the party on 1 January 2017. Mulayam termed the national convention as illegal and directly expelled his cousin, Ram Gopal Yadav, who had convened the national executive convention. But the Election commission of India ruled that Ram Gopal Yadav had the right to convene that executive convention, and reversed Mulayam's order. Hence Akhilesh Yadav officially became the new National Leader of the party.

Further reading

• Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's silent revolution: Rise of lower castes in North India. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-85065-670-8.
• Aditi Phadnis (2009). Business Standard Political Profiles: Of Cabals and Kings. Business Standard Books. ISBN 9788190573542.
• Rao, Ursula (2010). News As Culture: Journalistic Practices and the Remaking of Indian Leadership Tradition. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781845456696.
• Brass, Paul R. (1997). Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691026503.
• Ludden, David E., ed. (1996). Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812215854.
• Singh, Ram; Yadav, Anshuman (1998). Mulayam Singh: a political biography. Konark Publishers. ISBN 9788122005301.

External links

• Profile on Samajwadi Party website