Kagwahiva language
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (August 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
| Kawahiva | |
|---|---|
| Kawahib | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Mato Grosso |
| Ethnicity | (see varieties below) |
Native speakers | 870 (2000–2006)[1] |
Tupian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:pah – Tenharim–Parintintínurz – Uru-eu-wau-waukuq – Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo)jua – Júmaxmo – Morerebitkf – ? Tukumanféd (unattested)wir – Wirafédpaf – Paranawátadw – Amondawaapi – Apiacá |
| Glottolog | tupi1280 |
Kawahiva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster of Brazil. The major variety is Tenharin (Tenharin).
The Tenharim, Parintintín, Amondawa, Uru-eu-wau-wau and Júma peoples, along with a recently contacted group confusingly labeled "Karipuná" in the literature, all call themselves Kavahiva. Their speech is all very similar, and also similar with other languages now extinct. Apiaká (incl. Wiraféd) is very similar and may be a dialect.[2]
Varieties
Varieties of Kawahíwa listed in Aguilar (2013, 2018):[3][4]
- Northern Kawahíwa
- Parintintin
- Tenharim
- Diahói
- Juma
- Southern Kawahíwa
- Jupaú (Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau)
- Amondáwa
- Karipuna
- Apiaká
- Kayabí (Kawaiwete)
- Piripkura
- isolated groups
Languages spoken in north-central Rondonia are Karipuna, Jupaú, Amondáwa, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups. Languages spoken in northeastern Mato Grosso and southern Pará are Apiaká, Kayabí, Piripkura, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups.
Phonology
Tenharin dialect
Phoneme Inventory of the Tenharin dialect:[5]
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
| Low | a ã |
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio-velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop/affricate | p | t | tʃ | k | kʷ | ʔ | |
| Fricative | β | h | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ||
| Tap, flap | ɾ |
Júma dialect
Phoneme Inventory of the Júma dialect:[6]
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
| Low | a ã |
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain stop | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| Voiced stop | ɡ | ||||
| Fricative | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Approximant | j | w | |||
| Tap, flap | ɾ |
References
- ^ Tenharim–Parintintín at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Uru-eu-wau-wau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Júma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Morerebi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box) - ^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
- ^ Aguilar, A. M. G. C. (2018). Kawahíwa como uma unidade linguística. Revista Brasileira De Linguística Antropológica, 9(1), 139-161. https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v9i1.19529
- ^ Aguilar, A. M. G. C. 2013. Contribuições Etnolinguísticas e Histórico-Comparativas para os estudos sobre os povos e as línguas Kawahíwa. Tese (Exame de Qualificação de Doutorado), PPGL/UnB.
- ^ "Tenharim". www.linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
- ^ "Júma". www.linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
External links
- Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Tenharim". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
- Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Júma". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
 | This Tupian languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |