Sulfadiazine
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682130 |
| Routes of administration | Topical cream, by mouth |
| Drug class | Antibiotic (sulfonamide)[1] |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Protein binding | 38-48%[2] |
| Metabolism | Liver (acetylation)[2] |
| Elimination half-life | 7-17 hours [2] |
| Excretion | Urine [2] |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
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| KEGG | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.623 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H10N4O2S |
| Molar mass | 250.28 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 252 to 256 °C (486 to 493 °F) |
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Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic.[1] Used together with pyrimethamine, it is the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis.[4] It is a second-line treatment for otitis media, prevention of rheumatic fever, chancroid, chlamydia, and infections by Haemophilus influenzae.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1]
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, fever, rash, depression, and pancreatitis.[1] It should not be used in people who have severe liver problems, kidney problems, or porphyria.[4] If used during pregnancy, it may increase the risk of kernicterus in the baby.[1] While the company that makes it does not recommend use during breastfeeding, use is believed to be safe if the baby is otherwise healthy.[3] It is in the sulfonamide class of medications.[1]
Sulfadiazine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1941.[1][5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[6] Sulfadiazine is available as a generic medication.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$2.70 to 7.32 a month.[7] In the United States, treatment costs more than $200 per month.[8]
Medical uses
It eliminates bacteria that cause infections by stopping the production of folate inside the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and burns.
In combination, sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine can be used to treat toxoplasmosis, the disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii.
Mechanism of action
Sulfadiazine works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase.
Side effects
Side effects reported for sulfadiazine include nausea, loss of appetite, and dizziness.
Brand names
This drug is sold branded as Lantrisul, Neotrizine, Sulfa-Triple #2, Sulfadiazine, Sulfaloid, Sulfonamides Duplex, Sulfose, Terfonyl, Triple Sulfa, Triple Sulfas, and Triple Sulfoid.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Sulfadiazine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Sulfadiazine Monograph for Professionals | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|5=(help) - ^ a b "Sulfadiazine Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ a b World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 126, 205. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ "Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Sulfadiazine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 104. ISBN 9781284057560.
External links
- "Sulfadiazine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
