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At Tiri

Coordinates: 33°08′N 35°24′E / 33.133°N 35.400°E / 33.133; 35.400
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At Tiri
الطيري
Village
Map showing the location of At Tiri within Lebanon
Map showing the location of At Tiri within Lebanon
At Tiri
Location within Lebanon
Coordinates: 33°08′N 35°24′E / 33.133°N 35.400°E / 33.133; 35.400
Grid position187/282 PAL
Country Lebanon
GovernorateNabatieh Governorate
DistrictBint Jbeil District
Elevation
750 m (2,460 ft)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Dialing code+961
Taire
Alternative nameEt Taire, Et Taireh, At Tireh
Locationnorth of Ain Ebel, Lebanon
History
PeriodsHeavy Neolithic
CulturesQaraoun culture
Site notes
Excavation dates1908
ArchaeologistsPaul Bovier-Lapierre, Henri Fleisch, Karge
Public accessUnknown

At Tiri (Arabic: الطيري)[1] is a village located in the Caza of Bint Jbeil in the Nabatiye Governorate in Lebanon. It is also the location of two pre-historic archaeological sites.[2]

History

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Taire I (referred to as Et Taireh I) is located 3.5 km north of Ain Ebel to the west of the village. The exact location of the site is unknown and the assemblage found was small and of indeterminable date. It was only mentioned in passing by Paul Bovier-Lapierre in 1908 and Karge in 1918.[3][4]

Taire II (referred to as Et Taireh II and Bassatine el Khawabi) is a Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northeast of the village on a small track leading to Kounine that crosses the road between Bent Jbeil and Tibnine. A collection was made south of the track at 690 m above sea level by Jesuit archaeologist Henri Fleisch, who did not publish it but confirmed that the Qaraoun culture was present this far south via personal communication to Lorraine Copeland. The collection is held by the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory at the Saint Joseph University.[2][5]

It is possible that At-Tiri is Yatir (Hebrew: יתיר), a place referenced in the Baraita on the "Boundaries of the Land of Israel" as part of the delineation of the northwestern border of Jewish resettlement following the return from Babylonian exile. However, Finkelstein and Frankel argue that Yater is the more likely candidate.[6][7]

Ottoman era

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In 1596, it was named as a village, Taira in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the liwa' (district) of Safad, with a population of 29 households and 7 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues" and a fixed sum; a total of 1,656 akçe.[8][9]

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted the village on his travels in the region.[10]

In 1875, Victor Guérin visited, and found it to be a village with 150 "Metualis".[11] He further noted: "Here is a little mosque, some of the cut stones in which have probably been taken from some ancient building now destroyed. Other cut stones of similar appearance, and trunks of columns scattered about the village, belong apparently to the same monument. A great birkeh, partly cut in the rock and partly built of medium-sized regular stones, adjoins the houses. Broken sarcophagi are lying about: their lids have acroteria."[12]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it: "A small stone village, containing about eighty Metawileh, in narrow valley, with grapes, a few olives, and figs; many cisterns in and round village; on hill-side old masonry birket.”[13]

"Many old and well-cut stones and broken fragments of a pillar were observed at this village, showing probably early Christian occupation. An old masonry birkeh and a large sarcophagus, for three bodies under one lid, was observed. Three-quarters of a mile to the south-east there is a dolmen on the side of the road of small dimensions."[14]

Modern era

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The village is noted for the At Tiri Incident: an April 1980 confrontation between the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and the South Lebanon Army in which three Irish Army soldiers were killed.[15]

On July 23, during the 2006 Lebanon War, 3 civilians from At Tiri were killed while 13 others were wounded by Israel, as they were trying to flee the village.[16] The Lebanese Red Cross in Tyre said ten vehicles carrying civilians and three or four motorcycles had been attacked by the IDF the same day making a total of forty-one injured (two critically), and three dead in attacks on convoys.[17][18]

Notable people

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References

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  1. ^ Meaning “The fortress”, according to Palmer 1881, p. 97
  2. ^ a b L. Copeland; P. Wescombe (1966). Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 53. Impr. Catholique. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  3. ^ Bovier-Lapierre, Paul. R., Stations préhistoriques du Belel Becharra (Hte Galilée). La Géographie, vol. 17, p. 77
  4. ^ Karge, P., Rephaim : Die Vorgeschichtliche Kultur Palästinas und Phöniziens, Paderborn (First Edition), 1917-1918.
  5. ^ Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. pp. 444–446.
  6. ^ פרנקל, רפאל; פינקלשטיין, ישראל; Frankel, Raphael; Finkelstein, Israel (1983). "'The Northwest Corner of Eretz-Israel' in the Baraita 'Boundaries of Eretz-Israel' / 'מקצוע צפונית מערבית של ארץ-ישראל' בברייתת התחומין". Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv / קתדרה: לתולדות ארץ ישראל ויישובה (27): 44–45. ISSN 0334-4657.
  7. ^ Frankel, R. & Finkelstein, I. (1983), p. 44
  8. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 179
  9. ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 20 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  10. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 375
  11. ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 113
  12. ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 113 as given in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 258
  13. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 203
  14. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 258
  15. ^ Murphy, 2007, p. 179
  16. ^ HRW, 2007, pp. 155-157
  17. ^ Goldenberg, S. (24 July 2006). "Blasted by a missile on the road to safety". London: Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 9 August 2006.
  18. ^ Fattah, Hassan M. (24 July 2006). "To Flee or to Stay? Family Chooses Too Late and Pays Dearly". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 September 2006.
  19. ^ "Hassan Chaito - Soccer player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  20. ^ "Hassan Chaito - Soccer player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

Bibliography

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