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Arena Corinthians
File:Arena Corinthians Logo.jpg
3D Model
Map
Full nameArena Corinthians
LocationAv. Miguel Inácio Curi, 111
São Paulo, Brazil [1]
Coordinates23°32′44″S 46°28′24″W / 23.545531°S 46.473373°W / -23.545531; -46.473373
Public transitCorinthians-Itaquera
OwnerCorinthians
OperatorCorinthians
TypeStadium
Genre(s)Sporting Events
Executive suites89 [1]
Capacity66,200 (FIFA World Cup 2014)[11]
48,234 (August 2014-)[12]
Record attendance62,996 ( Netherlands –  Chile, 23 June 2014)[13]
Field size105 by 68 metres (115 by 74 yd)[14]
Field shaperectangular
SurfacePerennial Ryegrass with Artificial Fibres (Desso GrassMaster)[4]
ScoreboardFour high-resolution 30 by 7.5 metres (32.8 by 8.2 yd) LED screens[5]
Construction
Broke ground30 May 2011[2]
Built30 May 2011 - 15 April 2014[3]
Opened10 May 2014
Construction costR$ 965 Million[6]
US$ 435 million
EU€ 319 million
ArchitectAníbal Coutinho[7]
Project managerAndrés Sánchez[8]
Structural engineerWerner Sobek[9]
Services engineerFrederico Barbosa[10]
Main contractorsOdebrecht
Tenants
Corinthians, FIFA World Cup 2014
Website
Arena Corinthians

The Arena Corinthians, in São Paulo, Brazil, is the stadium of Sport Club Corinthians Paulista. It is the fifth-largest stadium on the top tier of the Brazilian League and the eleventh-largest in Brazil, with a seating capacity of 48,234.[15][16]

During the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the stadium is referred to as Arena de São Paulo[17] and host six matches, including the opening match on 12 June 2014.[18] Due to the request of at least 65,000 seats for the World Cup opening match,[19] temporary seats were added to the stadium for the tournament.[11][20] The temporary seats are to be removed soon after the World Cup ends.[21]

History

Background

Corinthians planned to build a new 201,304-capacity stadium,[22] as their own Alfredo Shürig Stadium held fewer than 14,000 people and city's Pacaembu Stadium had to be shared with other teams. Plans to build a new stadium required a large area, and then president Vicente Matheus asked for a concession to São Paulo's Mayor in the Itaquera region, east of the city centre. The request was accepted by mayor Olavo Setúbal on 10 November 1978 [23] and a concession for 90 years was granted on 26 December 1978 for a 197,095.14 square metres (2,121,514.4 sq ft) property.[24] The area was owned at the time by COHAB, an agency for popular housing controlled by the São Paulo City government.[24][25] The original plan was to built the stadium in three to five years.[23] The concession was renewed in 1988 for 90 years, with the condition that any construction made in the area would revert to the city at no cost.[26]

Funding was not obtained and other alternatives have been considered, like getting a concession for the Pacaembu Stadium [27] and demolishing the Alfredo Schürig Stadium making room for another,[28] among other proposals.[29][30]

Corinthians announced the construction of the 48,234-capacity stadium on 31 August 2010 with an estimated cost of R$335 million and an expected gross revenue of R$100 million per year.[31] The original plans allow for an expansion to reach 70,000 seats.[32]

Corinthians expected to get financing from BNDES and sell the naming rights for the stadium to pay the construction costs.[33]

The main architect is Aníbal Coutinho, assisted by Antônio Paulo Cordeiro[1] from Coutinho, Diegues, Cordeiro (DDG),[34] partnering with Werner Sobek who rendered structural engineering services.[35] The stadium was planned to be concluded by March 2013.[36]

FIFA World Cup 2014 Hosting

File:São Paulo World Cup Poster.jpg
Host City Poster
Geraldo Alckmin, Ronaldo and Gilberto Kassab on the day Arena Corinthians was chosen to host the opening match of FIFA World Cup 2014

Accenture estimated that the World Cup opening would bring R$30.75 Billion over 10 years to the city, stimulating the city to bring the opening match to São Paulo.[37][38] A study from Fundação Getúlio Vargas estimated R$1 Billion in revenue just for the opening match, as 290 thousand tourists are expected for the event.[39]

After Morumbi Stadium was deemed unsuitable by FIFA, the Local World Cup Committee looked for alternatives and set on offering Arena Corinthians to host the opening game; FIFA accepted the suggestion and confirmed the decision on 10 October 2011.[40] Hosting the opening game required modifications on the original project that raised the cost from the original R$335 million to R$1.07 billion to accommodate FIFA's requirements. Cuts in equipment, furniture and construction costs brought the price down.[41] On top of that, due to FIFA's agreements with Brazil, all construction related to the World Cup was not taxed by the Federal Government; the final price agreed upon was R$820 million.[42]

A new contract was signed on 19 July 2011 with Odebrecht; R$400 million of the total were going to be financed by BNDES and the remaining R$420 million in tax credits granted by the City.[43] A 2007 law stated that those tax credits could be used by any company who established itself on the Eastern region of the city, providing a credit of R$0.60 per R$1.00 invested.[44] A new law was passed by the city legislature to deal specifically with this stadium and reduce the incentives, linking the concession of the credits to hosting the World Cup opening match and limiting the total amount of credits to R$420 million.[45] The concession was justified by the fact that it is expected that the stadium will generate R$950 million in city taxes during the six years after its opening, R$530 million in excess of the tax credits given.[37]

The financing contract with BNDES was signed on 29 November 2013, under their ProCopas Arenas World Cup program. Caixa Econômica Federal is the distributing agent.[46]

The estimated construction cost did not include the R$38.1 million required for adding temporary bleachers,[47][48] planned to be removed after the World Cup is over.[21] They are set on one of the sides and on the north and south ends.[49] The addition would raise the total capacity up to 72,000 seats, but the relocation of VIP areas and TV equipment[49] reduced capacity to 61,606.[11]

Corinthians paid for additional temporary infrastructure required exclusively for the World Cup, estimated to cost between R$60 and 100 million.[6]

Project Costs and Revenue

The stadium itself cost R$965 million, 15% more than originally estimated. The two year delay to receive BNDES funds implied in an increase of R$108 million to the cost due to difference in interest between loans taken from regular banks and from the government agency. Temporary structures were included on the total cost, currently estimated to be R$77 million. After the sale of the tax credits received, Corinthians will have to pay between R$700 and R$750 million spread over 12 years.[6]

Aníbal Coutinho projected the stadium to generate R$150 million per year.[50]

Andres Sanchez expects revenue to reach R$200 million per year and expenses to be up to R$35 million per year. Revenue will come from ticket sales and commercial properties on the arena, especially corporate conventions, fairs and events.[6] Andres said that out of 16 naming rights properties he have secured seven buyers already, although no deals have been formalized yet.[51]

The club plans to sell the stadium naming rights for R$400 million for 20 years.[6] Andres said that out of 16 lesser naming rights properties he have secured seven buyers already, although no deals have been formalized yet.[51]

Construction

Arena Corinthians - December 2012

The stadium was delivered to Corinthians on 15 April 2014. Modifications for hosting the World Cup were still underway until handing the arena to FIFA for the competition on 20 May 2014.[3]

The peak number of workers on site was 2,300, recorded on November 2012.[10] The enterprise generated 26 thousand jobs during its construction.[52]

Renovations

File:Arena Corinthians after renovations.jpg
Render of Arena Corinthians after renovations.

After the World Cup, Corinthians will adequate the stadium for their use; they consider that the stadium will be 92% ready for their use after the tournament.[53] The expectation is that it will be completely retrofitted by February 2015.[54] The estimated cost is R$20 million.[55]

One of the largest changes will be the construction of large balconies and the installation of scoreboards behind the goals, where the temporary seating installed for the FIFA World Cup stands.[56]

Landscaping

The west side will have a large tree-lined pedestrian mall with a reflecting pool and new illumination.[57] The reflecting pools will also work as a performance fountain, providing splash and spectacle at programmed moments during stadium events.[58]

Around the entire complex granite flooring will have stripes evocative of the clubs second uniform, in sync with the external illumination. There will be a number of benches and large gardens; the media center will be housed in one of them.[57]

The landscaping was designed by John Loomis, who headed the project for Burj Khalifa. Lighting was projected by the American firm T. Kondos.[57]

Stadium Firsts

Rivellino (between Vampeta and Alessandro) scored the first goal at the inaugural match at Arena Corinthians

The first event in the arena was a Ivete Sangalo show for 3,000 celebrating the club's 103rd anniversary on 29 September 2013.[59]

The first public football matches at the stadium consisted of friendlies between former Corinthians' players on 10 May 2014. More than 100 players played on the event.[60][61]

The first goal of the new stadium was scored by Rivellino shooting a penalty kick suffered by Palhinha. Rivellino shot at his own goal because all the players on the pitch insisted that the first goal at the Arena was his. The kick went past Ronaldo.[61]

The first competitive game was a 2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A match between Corinthians and Figueirense on 18 May 2014.[62]

The first international match was the opening match for the FIFA World Cup 2014 between Brazil and Croatia on 12 June 2014.[63]

International Events

2014 FIFA World Cup

Temporary Seating and Scoreboard on the South End for the World Cup

The stadium is one of the venues for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. However, due to FIFA rules, is called Arena de São Paulo during the tournament. The stadium hosted the opening ceremony followed by the opening match between Brazil and Croatia, three other group stage matches, a Round of 16 match and a semi-final.

Due to the request of at least 65,000 seats for the World Cup opening match,[19] temporary seats were added to the stadium for the tournament, although the final usable capacity only reached 62,200.[11][20]As subsequent matches have lower VIP and press demand four thousand more seats were added, raising the capacity to 66,200.[11]

The addition of those seats implied that screens for the World Cup had to be rented specially for the event,[64] as the original screens are too large to be used with the temporary seating installed.[65][66] FIFA requires screens smaller than the originally projected, with a 90 square metres (970 sq ft) area.[67]

Fifa World Cup 2014 Opening Ceremony
Date Time (UTC-03) Team #1 Res. Team #2 Round Attendance
12 June 2014 17:00  Brazil 3–1  Croatia Group A 62,103[63]
19 June 2014 16:00  Uruguay 2–1  England Group D 62,575[68]
23 June 2014 13:00  Netherlands 2–0  Chile Group B 62,996[69]
26 June 2014 17:00  South Korea Match 47  Belgium Group H
1 July 2014 13:00 Winner Group F Match 55 Runner-up Group E Round of 16
9 July 2014 17:00 Winner Match 59 Match 62 Winner Match 60 Semi-Finals

2016 Summer Olympics

Main article: Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Arena Corinthians will be one of the venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics Football Tournament.[70] They were selected over competitors Morumbi Stadium (the chosen venue before Arena Corinthians was built)[71] and Allianz Parque.[72]

Sixteen games will be played on the stadium from 3 to 16 August 2016, divided equally between Men and Women tournaments. Two matches will be played at 17:00 and 21:30 hours on competition days.[73]

Twelve matches will be valid for the preliminary stages and four for the quarterfinals; semifinals and finals will be played on the Maracanã.[73]

Names

The stadium was called Estádio do Corinthians by Corinthians when it was announced.[31] The name being used in the official site is Arena Corinthians.[74]

The Brazilian Football Confederation uses Arena Corinthians.[62] FIFA refers to the Stadium as Arena de São Paulo during the World Cup, but recognizes the name Arena Corinthians.[75]

Attempts to nickname it have been made by the local media, although none have been widely accepted. Local newspaper Folha[76] refer to Arena Corinthians as Itaquerão; O Estado de S. Paulo uses both the neighborhood-based nickname and the official name.[77] Rede Record uses Fielzão.[78] The largest media company in Brazil, Rede Globo, uses Arena Corinthians[79] like sports diary Lance!.[80]

The club plans to sell the stadium naming rights for R$400 million for 20 years.[6] A study by Brunoro Sports Business estimated that the value should be R$21 million per year.[81]

Many companies have been linked as possible buyers, like Petrobras,[82] Ambev,[83] Grupo Petrópolis,[84] Etihad Airways,[85] Qatar Foundation,[85] Caixa Econômica Federal,[86] Emirates Airlines,[87] Bradesco,[88] Telefonica,[89] BMG,[90] Itaú,[88] Santander,[91] Kalunga[92] and Zurich Insurance Group,[93] but no deal has been announced yet.

Architecture

Arena Corinthians

Aníbal Coutinho designed the stadium to be "a stadium that would help the supporters, that would help the team to win matches, I wanted to make the supporters get on the pitch".[78] Aníbal led a team of 25 architects.[51]

The complex is in a 197,095.14 square metres (2,121,514.4 sq ft) property.[24] The built up area is 189,000 square metres (2,030,000 sq ft)[1] with 17,500 cubic metres (620,000 cu ft) of concrete.[35] 80% of the structural construction is made of precast elements, 40% manufactured on a 7,500 square metres (81,000 sq ft) plant on-site.[10][94]

The rectangular 267 by 228 metres (876 by 748 ft), 43 metres (141 ft) tall stadium has two buildings, the main on the west side and another on the east side.[34] When measurements are taken from the pitch, the east side height is 51 metres (167 ft), the west side goes up to 57 metres (187 ft) and the north and south ends are 15 metres (49 ft) tall. The pitch sits at exactly 777 metres (2,549 ft), as explained by Aníbal Coutinho: "The number 77 is considered lucky for the club. The club is located at 777 São Jorge St. and it brings to mind the 1977 that they won one of their most celebrated championships of all time." (the Campeonato Paulista of 1977).[95]

West and East Buildings

Arena Corinthians West Building

The west side has a 6,200 square metres (67,000 sq ft) façade.[1] VIP seats, TV crew equipment, press and most box seats are be on the west building.[34]

The glass has been designed with a curvature intended to simulate the visual effect of a ball hitting the net. Special 26 metres (85 ft) seamless beams have been developed to support the structure.[96] The geometry consulting company Evolute GmbH developed a paneling solution which rationalized the 5,400 square metres (58,000 sq ft) double curved freeform glass surface into 855 planar and cylindrical panels, all in hot bent toughened glass. [97] This solution allowed for minimising the number of shapes necessary by 93%, reducing costs considerably. [98] The photo-voltaic glass powers the air conditioned.[99]

The complete glass structure has 6,900 square metres (74,000 sq ft), counting the sides; the façade width is 220 metres (720 ft) by 24 metres (79 ft) tall.[100]

Led video screen on the East Side of Arena Corinthians

The east side houses one of the largest video screens of the world,[101] 170 by 20 metres (558 by 66 ft)—3,400 square metres (37,000 sq ft). The screen has 210,000 individual LEDs; 1320 custom made luminaires are fitted in 4 metres (13 ft) long glass sheets.[5][96] The screen is manufactured by Osram Traxon, controlled by an E:cue lighting control.[5]

Glass for both façades were provided by Italian company Sunglass SRL,[102] using Asahi Glass Co.'s Planibel Clear glass.[103]

External walls are covered by 12,000 square metres (130,000 sq ft)[104] of white Levantina Techlam ceramic tiles,[105][106] A 12 metres (39 ft) Corinthians symbol will be on the south wall of the east side, built in inox and backlit.[34]

The public circulates using 10 escalators, 15 lifts,[1] two ramps and 13 staircases.[95] 59 concession stands are available,[1] as is an Auditorium for 360 people [51] and a 25,000 square metres (270,000 sq ft) convention center under the west building.[78] A museum dedicated to Corinthians will be set up on the east building.[107]

Arena Corinthians East Concourse

Interior design is designed by Gensler.[108]

There are six changing rooms. Home team changing rooms occupy 1,300 square metres (14,000 sq ft), with Jacuzzis, cryotherapy and a private area for the coach. The warm-up area has seating for 86 VIP ticket holders, separated by soundproof glass.[51][109]

All the public areas have air conditioning and are finished in marble, granite or top tier ceramic tile.[109]

Seating

Arena Corinthians West Side Seating

There are 48,234 seats (plus 19,900 temporary bleachers during the World Cup). The stadium has 6,000 second tier covered seating and 10,000 VIP seats.[110] 89 luxury boxes accommodate 1,414 spectators. Distributed on the 5th and 6th floors, 87% have 12 seats, 10% between 21 and 33 seats and 4 units more than 70 seats.[111] The largest units will have more than 470 square metres (5,100 sq ft).[112]

The lowest ring of bleachers go around the entire Arena. It holds 10,500 seats on each side plus 6,000 behind the goals, for a total of 33,000 places.[113]

The distance between the first row of seating and the field is 9 metres (30 ft) on all sides.[34]

General seating is provided by Bluecube³, using an exclusive design based on the Integra model.[114] There are four different finishes, ranging from straight chairs without arms to stuffed chairs in leather. Most seats are white. Business level and box seats are finished in black leather and made by Poltrona Frau.[115] The 600 seats have laser-engraved club crests.[116]

Roof

The underside of the roof is lined by a membrane.

Werner Sobek designed the roof,[35] held in place by forty-eight 75 metres (246 ft) long trusses.[117] The west and east sides are joined by two identical structures with a free span of 170 metres (560 ft).[118] The total East-West roof length is 245.75 metres (806.3 ft).[119] Aníbal Coutinho intended to bring a paulistano flair to the construction, with structures that resembled the São Paulo Museum of Art, a symbol of the city.[112]

The height of the roof and weight of the trusses required the use of the largest Liebherr Group crawler crane available in Latin America.[120] Just the steel beams account for 4,000 tons.[121]

The roof has four layers. First, a layer of steel corrugated sheets. Above them, thermal and acoustic insulation is provided by Polyisocyanurate sheets. A layer of plasterboard is above it.[122] Finally, the entire roof is covered with 40,000 square metres (430,000 sq ft)[123] of Firestone Ultraply TPO.[124] On the underside a flexible membrane covers the structure.[125]

This final layer helps to collect rainwater to reuse in other areas of the stadium.[122]

The structure was redesigned to duplicate the current noise level supporters create during games. Measurements taken on Pacaembu show that sound levels reach a peak of 113dB when goals are scored.[126]

4,500 square metres (48,000 sq ft) photo voltaic glass will be installed on the end closest to the pitch of the west and east roofing,[127] generating 1.0 MWp.[128]

The entire structure measures 32,300 square metres (348,000 sq ft)[129] and weights 6,500 tons.[119]

Scoreboards

Osram will install four scoreboards in the stadium, on the north and south ends, above the bleachers.[130] They will be set in pairs, one facing the pitch and one facing outside. Each screen is 225 square metres (2,420 sq ft), measuring 30 by 7.5 metres (98 by 25 ft).[96] The inside-facing screen will have a 7mm dot pitch and the outside-facing screens will have a 20mm dot pitch.[66]

3,500 flat panel TVs are installed all over the stadium, individually or as video walls,[131] amounting to 3,100 stations.[130]

Lighting

Reflectors lit during Corinthians vs Figueirense

The pitch lighting is going to use 352 Osram Siteco 2000-Watt Metal-halide[5] 6000K multivapor lamps, guaranteeing over 90% of colour fidelity.[132] The 5,000 lux lighting is completely uniform and is 50% more than recommended by FIFA.[127] Osram provides lighting for the entire complex.[5]

Pitch

Arena Corinthians Pitch, viewed from the West Side
Reserve Benches used during the world cup

The field has recommended FIFA dimensions[133] of 105 by 68 metres (115 by 74 yd).[14] It was prepared by World Sports, in partnership with Desso.[133]

The field is made up of Perennial Ryegrass, which is grown directly at the site. The original idea was to use black grass, to avoid the colors of their biggest rivals, but it was proved to be technically impossible; the option chosen was to use grass with a darker hue.[134] To improve fixation, the grass is intertwined with 22 million artificial fibres.[135] Ultraviolet lights are used nightly to ensure that all parts of the pitch will receive equal lighting;[136] the field is exposed to only two hours of direct sunlight per day.[137]

Worldsports uses a blend of three cultivars from DLF-Trifolium, Ph.D. Ryegrass Perenne,[138] from Oregon, USA.[139] DLF states that this grass has strong cold and wear tolerance and is disease resistant, combined with fast growth rate. The hue is 8.7 on a scale of 1 to 9, where 9 is dark green.[140]

The choice of using ryegrass instead of the most common and usually recommended Bermuda brought advantages like having longitudinal roots (avoiding the cleats to tangle with them) and not getting a yellowish hue easily. It also brought challenges, as ryegrass is native to cooler climates, requiring 23 °C (73 °F) to optimum growth. Since the temperature in São Paulo rarely goes below 14 °C (57 °F), a heating system is not used.[141] A system brings the grass roots temperature to 6 °C (43 °F),[139] pushing cold water through the 40,000 metres (130,000 ft) of drainage pipes.[142]

The grass is mowed to keep the height between 2.2 centimetres (0.87 in) and 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in).[137]

The drainage has two operating modes, gravitational and vacuum-enhanced (ISASS).[141] The vacuum draining system can handle up to 400,000 litres (88,000 imp gal) per hour, improving oxygen levels on the rooting system and cooling the pitch, even during matches.[143] This is equivalent to 56 millimetres (2.2 in) of rain drained in one hour.[144]

The irrigation has individual sprinkler controls,[145] controlled by a computerized system. The system is formed by 48 sprinklers, twice the minimum FIFA recommendation.[141]

Information Technology and Communications

Auditorium where press conferences are held on Arena Corinthians

The stadium will have wi-fi and 4G LTE in all its sectors.[146] Using smartphones, the public will be able to access game stats and watch replays published on a page maintained by the stadium crew.[147]

A dedicated team will control centrally all the screens and scoreboards. Supporters will be monitored by a computer system connect with hundreds of security cameras. All services are contracted with Sonda IT.[147]

Hospitality and Stores

There are plans for 75 bars on the stadium, 13 on VIP areas. On top of that, two restaurants and two sport bars. All the restaurants and bars are managed by Diverti Arena on a 10-year contract. The investment by Diverti is expected to reach R$40 Million and all the properties will be fully operational only in 2015.[148]

Other commercial properties are two clothing stores and kiosks, not negotiated yet.[148]

Reception

Home team dressing room on Arena Corinthians

The project received both the Best Commercial Project and the Grand Prize as the Best Overall Project in Brazil on the largest Corporate Architecture event in Latin America in 2011, competing against 1,116 projects.[149]

Reception by Corinthians supporters was enthusiastic according to a poll, with 83% approval of the stadium. Opposition fans have surprisingly good approval rates of the enterprise.[150] Hundreds of supporters visited the construction site often.[50][151]

Transport

São Paulo Subway, Corinthians Itaquera Station

The stadium is 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of the City Centre and 21 kilometres (13 mi) away from the São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport. The nearest subway station is Corinthians-Itaquera, 500m from the stadium. It connects to a train station with the same name. The Artur Alvim subway station is 800m away.

If all the users boarded trains to leave the stadium, it would be empty in 30 minutes.[152] On World Cup matches an express train will connect Luz and the Corinthians-Itaquera CPTM Station, making the trip in 17 minutes.[153] After the World Cup, studies will determine if the service will be kept.[152]

The metro and train stations can handle 114,000 passengers per hour.[154] Each metro train can carry 1,600 passengers and has an 85-second interval.[155]

The site has 1,620 covered parking spaces and 929 open air parking spaces,[1] with another 2,214 spaces provided by a shopping mall nearby.[156]

There are 61 bus routes that stop close to Arena Corinthians.[157]

Other uses

Corinthians does not plan to host concerts or other sport events in the stadium, considering that the use for non-football events can destroy the pitch and football ticket sales will make up for the revenue.[158] The club plans to use the structure for conventions and trade shows and promote tours of the stadium.[159] A 2,500 square metres (27,000 sq ft) convention center is going to be located under the west building.[78]

File:ArenaCorinthiansSimpsons.png
Arena Corinthians as depicted on The Simpsons

EA Sports added all 12 venues used at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, including the Arena Corinthians, to the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil video game.

The Arena Corinthians is featured on "You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee", the sixteenth episode of the 25th season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons, and the 546th episode of the series. Homer Simpson acts as a FIFA World Cup 2014 referee on a game played at Arena Corinthians.

The second episode of Discovery Channel`s three-episode series Building the World Cup is dedicated to Arena Corinthians.[160][161]

Controversies

Arena Corinthians has met some criticism regarding the circumstances in which it was chosen as the World Cup stadium for São Paulo, and the resources used for its construction.

World Cup Hosts

Jose Serra (governor for São Paulo in 2007) planned to bring the opening game to his state as soon as FIFA World Cup 2014 was confirmed to be hosted by Brazil, specifically to the Morumbi Stadium.[162] Mayor Gilberto Kassab supported the option for Morumbi and assured that president Luis Inácio da Silva wanted the same.[163]

Unhappy with Morumbi, FIFA's secretary general Jérôme Valcke declared that the Morumbi stadium could not host the opening game and was the worst among the 12 venues presented to FIFA, recommending the city to build a new stadium. FIFA technicians stated that the maximum attendance with the current structure would be 46,000 spectators, below the minimum 60,000. São Paulo Futebol Clube's director João Paulo de Jesus Lopes stated that this was "a lie".[164] FIFA's president Sepp Blatter stated that Morumbi could not host the opening game or semifinals without an extensive renovations plan.[165]

The selected venue failed to provide proof of funding for a R$630 million renovations plan asked by FIFA in order to secure its spot; the stadium was then excluded from the tournament on 16 June 2010.[166] The Local World Cup Committee suggested to use Arena Corinthians instead. FIFA accepted the suggestion and confirmed the decision on 10 October 2011.[40]

The exclusion of Morumbi as the stadium for the World Cup and the subsequent choice of Corinthians' arena as the venue for the event is insinuated to be politically charged by journalist Wagner Vilaron from O Estado de S. Paulo.[167] After receiving several negative responses from FIFA about the renovation project for Morumbi, then-CBF-president Ricardo Teixeira's patience grew tired with São Paulo Futebol Clube officers; he considered that they were delaying the decision by purposely not meeting the requirements in order to force the government to pour money on the construction. São Paulo's opposition to Teixeira in the now defunct Clube dos 13 elections (won by ruling-side Fábio Koff, aligned with São Paulo's Juvenal Juvêncio) irritated the CBF president. At the same time, affinity emerged between Teixeira and then-president of Corinthians, Andrés Sanchez, chosen as the head of delegation for the national team during the 2010 FIFA World Cup and on the same side on Clube dos 13's election.[167]

São Paulo's mayor Gilberto Kassab supported the option for Morumbi and guaranteed that president Luis Inácio da Silva wanted the same; he blamed FIFA for vetoing the stadium. He declared that Corinthians could not influence FIFA and that CBF wanted Morumbi to host the opening game.[163]

Senior Management from São Paulo F.C. criticized the chosen stadium and the selection process in numerous occasions after Morumbi was excluded from the World Cup.

Then President Juvenal Juvencio stated that the region did not have any city structures, hospitals or hotels, the only way to get in and out of the area would be using a fire truck and that there was not a way to create a VIP area around the stadium.[168] Juvenal blames ex-governor José Serra for Morumbi's demise.[169] Serra denied the accusations.[170]

Carlos Miguel Aidar, then candidate to SPFC presidency, said that the reason that the stadium exists is that Brazil's President demanded the construction of a new stadium in São Paulo; that Corinthians will never pay the loans for the stadium; that Odebrecht was the real owner; that the FIFA and the government only wanted to make money for construction companies; and finally, that Itaquera was "another world, another country, nobody can get there".[171] Later he visited the Arena by car and recanted his opinion, saying that the stadium was "marvelous" and could be reached easily.[172]

Public Funding Allegations

Vinícius Segalla from UOL considers that tax credits and BNDES resources are public money and that the concession of those resources to Corinthians are unclear.[173] The federal government dismisses the notion, saying that tax credits are intended to encourage economical growth and work opportunities for the areas surrounding the stadiums.[174] The city government pointed that tax credits are not subsidies and the stadium will be a boon to the city, especially the east zone. They also pointed that subsidies (given to the Brazilian Grand Prix and Carnaval among others) also bring benefits to the city.[175]

Public Prosecutor Marcelo Milani contested the validity of tax credits issued by the city and sued then mayor Gilberto Kassab for R$ 1.74 Billion; it was considered without merit by the judges and dismissed.[176]

Project Changes

It was pointed out that the project executed is not the same approved by the city council back in 2011. Amendments were made to the final project, submitted on 25 July 2013[177] and approved on 13 February 2014.[178]

Construction Accidents

An accident on 27 November 2013 destroyed part of the East building, killing two people.[179] A crane fell while carrying a part of the roof, destroying eight columns of the LED screen and part of an internal slab.[180][181] The structure was not affected due to the anti vandalism glass installed on the east façade.[182] An area of 5,000 square metres (54,000 sq ft) has been closed for investigation. Initial hypotheses were human error, crane mechanical failure and unstability on the terrain under the crane.[183] Liebherr stated that the black box did not record anything on the day of the accident, although it should have.[184] There is still no conclusion to the case.[185] Liebherr paid for a study from UFRJ, which concluded that the cause was terrain unstability,[186] which was the same conclusion reached by Police experts.[187] Odebrecht refuted the conclusions, showing a study by private company Geocompany as proof.[186] The final report from IPT/USP will bring the definitive answers.[188]

Crane operations in the stadium were suspended until further notice.[189] All cranes on the site were inspected and approved to continue work sixteen days later.[190] Families for the deceased workers received R$ 2.9M in compensation.[191]

Another worker had a fatal accident on the site while working on the temporary seating.[192] Local authorities initial assessment was that the worker caused the accident by not following the required safety procedures. The investigation is underway.[193]

References

Citations

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  9. ^ "Stadium Sao Paulo". Retrieved 20 June 2013. Services rendered by Werner Sobek: Structural Engineering (phase 1-8)
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  63. ^ a b "Match report – Brazil–Croatia" (pdf). FIFA.com. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
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  70. ^ "Rio 2016 Confirms Olympic Football Venues; Valcke Heads to Brazil". 21 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
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  108. ^ "Gensler". Retrieved 20 June 2013.
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  110. ^ "Arena Corinthians chega a 75,7% de avanço, após quase dois anos de obras" (in Portuguese). 2 May 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  111. ^ "Lado oeste da Arena é visto como mina de ouro pelo Corinthians" (in Portuguese). 18 August 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  112. ^ a b "Com 'cara paulistana', Itaquerão é 'verde' e retangular" (in Portuguese). 4 September 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  113. ^ "Inspiração no Dallas e cadeiras brancas" (in Portuguese). 6 February 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  114. ^ "The first 500 Integra chairs has been installed at Corinthians Stadium in Brazil". 2 September 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  115. ^ "Itaquerão, do Corinthians, terá cadeiras resistentes para combater vandalismo" (in Portuguese). 2 September 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  116. ^ "Itaquerão terá poltronas de Ferrari em setor 'very VIP'" (in Portuguese). 14 November 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  117. ^ "Exclusivo: veja em 3D como será a cobertura da Arena Corinthians" (in Portuguese). 3 October 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  118. ^ "Arena Corinthians instala último módulo metálico da cobertura Oeste" (in Portuguese). 29 May 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  119. ^ a b "Cobertura vai dar charme final à Arena Corinthians" (in Portuguese). 16 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  120. ^ "New Stadium on Track for 2014 World Cup Games". 20 November 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  121. ^ "VALLOUREC : VALLOUREC CONTRIBUE À LA RÉNOVATION DES PRINCIPAUX STADES DE FOOTBALL POUR LA COUPE DU MONDE DE LA FIFA, BRÉSIL 2014(TM)" (in French). 10 June 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  122. ^ a b "Protótipo da cobertura da Arena Corinthians está 'escondido' no CT" (in Portuguese). 22 September 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  123. ^ "ARENA CORINTHIANS - ITAQUERA - SÃO PAULO" (in Portuguese). January 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  124. ^ "Na cara do gol" (in Portuguese). 29 May 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  125. ^ "Arena Corinthians se prepara para sediar abertura da Copa do Mundo 2014" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  126. ^ "Acústica do Itaquerão duplicará som da torcida em relação a Pacaembu" (in Portuguese). 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  127. ^ a b "Arena Corinthians terá iluminação 50% superior à exigida pela Fifa" (in Portuguese). 2 August 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  128. ^ "Projetos" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  129. ^ "Sueño hecho de hormigón, acero y polémica" (in Spanish). 19 January 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  130. ^ a b "Veja novo vídeo do projeto em torno do Itaquerão" (in Portuguese). 1 November 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  131. ^ "Corinthians tem proposta 'espetacular' para 3.500 telas de TV no Itaquerão" (in Portuguese). 12 February 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  132. ^ "Corinthians apresenta iluminação moderna para seu estádio" (in Portuguese). 3 August 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  133. ^ a b "Football Stadiums: Technical recommendations and requirements - 5th Edition" (PDF). 2011. p. 66. Retrieved 23 June 2013. Cite error: The named reference "WorldDesso" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  134. ^ "Corinthians customiza Itaquerão e integra história, rivalidade e superstição" (in Portuguese). 11 November 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  135. ^ Braga, Marcelo (13 June 2013). "Gramado da Arena Corinthians terá tecnologia como de campo de golfe" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  136. ^ "Entre as novidades da Arena, Itaquerão terá até discoteca para torcedores" (in Portuguese). 23 December 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  137. ^ a b "Campo do Itaquerão terá instalação de grama sintética e resfriamento" (in Portuguese). 1 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  138. ^ "Sementes de grama" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  139. ^ a b "Corinthians investe em gramado do Itaquerão por campo perfeito na Copa" (in Portuguese). 14 July 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  140. ^ "Perennyal Ryegrass Blend Tech Sheet" (PDF) (in Portuguese). 30 January 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  141. ^ a b c "Itaquerão vai inovar conceito de gramado para a Copa" (in Portuguese). 16 February 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  142. ^ "Máquinas de sistema inédito de resfriamento do gramado chegam à Arena Corinthians" (in Portuguese). 31 October 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  143. ^ "World Sports apresenta novidade no sistema de drenagem a vácuo" (in Portuguese). 9 May 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  144. ^ "Chapter 4 - rainfall and evapotranspiration". Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  145. ^ "World Sports segue inovando na Arena do Corinthians" (in Portuguese). 10 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  146. ^ "2014 WORLD CUP BRAZIL: COMBA TELECOM TO SUPPLY A FURTHER FOUR STADIUMS WITH 2G/3G/4G LTE TURNKEY WIRELESS SOLUTIONS". 19 November 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  147. ^ a b "O Itaquerão é Nuestro, Diz a Chilena Sonda" (in Portuguese). 2 May 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  148. ^ a b "Corinthians fecha contrato de R$ 40 mi para estádio com empresa alimentícia" (in Portuguese). 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  149. ^ "Itaquerão ganha prêmio de arquitetura" (in Portuguese). 6 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  150. ^ "Paulistano apoia Itaquerão mas não se importa com abertura, diz Datafolha" (in Portuguese). 19 August 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  151. ^ "Corintianos visitam Itaquerão e reclamam de punição por morte de torcedor boliviano" (in Portuguese). 23 February 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  152. ^ a b "Metrô e trem vão dar conta de esvaziar Itaquerão em meia hora, diz Alckmin" (in Portuguese). 21 October 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  153. ^ "'Expresso da Copa' leva 17 minutos do centro ao Itaquerão" (in Portuguese). 28 November 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  154. ^ "Brazil 2014 delegation visits Arena de Sao Paulo". 19 August 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  155. ^ "Sao Paulo working on fan mobility solutions". 13 December 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  156. ^ "Estacionamentos" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  157. ^ "Linhas de ônibus que passam perto da estação Corinthians - Itaquera" (in Portuguese). 20 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  158. ^ "Recordes de renda fazem Corinthians rechaçar shows em Itaquera" (in Portuguese). 18 November 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  159. ^ "Corinthians fecha nova arena para shows e restringe ingressos a sócio-torcedores" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  160. ^ "Building the World Cup". Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  161. ^ "Episodios" (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  162. ^ "Começa "guerra civil" pela Copa-2014" (in Portuguese). 29 October 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  163. ^ a b "Exclusivo."O apoio do Lula era tudo o que eu precisava para brigar pelo Morumbi", Kassab" (in Portuguese). 8 July 2010. Retrieved 31 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  164. ^ "Projeto do Morumbi tem erros e pode ficar sem abertura da Copa de 2014, diz jornal" (in Portuguese). 2 June 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  165. ^ "Blatter diz que Morumbi não pode receber jogos importantes em 2014" (in Portuguese). 29 September 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  166. ^ "CBF afirma que Morumbi está fora da Copa de 2014" (in Portuguese). 16 June 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  167. ^ a b "Poder político ajuda Itaquerão contra o Morumbi na Copa de 2014" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  168. ^ "Juvenal Juvêncio detona Itaquera e Fielzão". 10 October 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  169. ^ "Juvenal: 'Palmeirense Serra tirou Morumbi da Copa'". 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  170. ^ "José Serra rebate Juvenal Juvêncio sobre Morumbi: 'Ele não fala coisa com coisa'". 9 April 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  171. ^ "Candidato de Juvenal alfineta rival: 'o Corinthians não é dono do estádio, nunca vai pagar'". 26 March 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  172. ^ "Aidar revela visita à Arena Corinthians e, agora, diz ser possível ir a Itaquera". 26 May 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  173. ^ "Itaquerão é obra privada da Copa com maior volume de recursos públicos" (in Portuguese). 23 June 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  174. ^ "Governo brasileiro desmente uso de dinheiro público em estádios da Copa" (in Portuguese). 23 June 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  175. ^ "Esclarecimentos sobre os incentivos da Prefeitura para a construção do Estádio do Corinthians, em Itaquera" (in Portuguese). 22 June 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  176. ^ "Ação Arquivada" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  177. ^ "Projeto do Itaquerão está em situação irregular" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  178. ^ "Extrato 50ª Reunião Ordinária" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 February 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  179. ^ "Acidente nas obras do estádio do Corinthians deixa feridos e um morto" (in Portuguese). 27 November 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  180. ^ "Corinthians evita falar em atraso na entrega do estádio para a Copa" (in Portuguese). 27 November 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  181. ^ "Sao Paulo stadium accident leaves two dead". BBC News. 27 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  182. ^ "Vidro 'antivândalos' ameniza acidente e 'salva' Copa do Mundo no Itaquerão" (in Portuguese). 27 November 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  183. ^ "Arquiteto registra em vídeo momento do acidente na Arena Corinthians" (in Portuguese). 28 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  184. ^ "Arena Corinthians: caixa preta do guindaste não registra acidente" (in Portuguese). 28 January 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  185. ^ "Peritos alemães analisam caixa preta do acidente na Arena Corinthians" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  186. ^ a b "Construtora de estádio corintiano nega afundamento de solo em acidente" (in Portuguese). 4 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  187. ^ "Guindaste da Arena Corinthians não tinha problemas mecânicos, diz laudo" (in Portuguese). 3 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  188. ^ "Laudo descarta falha no solo em acidente na Arena Corinthians" (in Portuguese). 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  189. ^ "Ministério do Trabalho embarga atividade com guindastes na Arena" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  190. ^ "Todos os guindastes voltam a operar na obra da Arena Corinthians, em São Paulo" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  191. ^ "Odebrecht paga R$ 2,9mi às famílias dos mortos em Itaquera" (in Portuguese). 6 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  192. ^ "Worker dies in Sao Paulo World Cup stadium accident". Reuters. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  193. ^ "Delegado diz que negligência com segurança causou acidente no Itaquerão" (in Portuguese). 30 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
Preceded by FIFA World Cup
Opening Venue
2014 		Succeeded by
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