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Bristol Temple Meads
General information
LocationBristol
Managed byNetwork Rail
Platforms13
Other information
Station codeBRI
History
Original companyGreat Western Railway
Key dates
1840Opened
1871–1878Extended
1930sExtended
1965Original platforms closed

Bristol Temple Meads railway station is the oldest and largest railway station in Bristol. It is an important transport hub for public transport, with bus services to many parts of the city and surrounding districts and a ferry to the city centre in addition to the train services. Bristol's other main-line station, Bristol Parkway, is on the northern outskirts of the conurbation.

It opened on 31 August 1840 as the western terminus of the Great Western Railway from London Paddington. The railway including Temple Meads was the first one designed by the British engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Soon the station was also used by the Bristol and Exeter Railway, the Bristol and Gloucester Railway, the Bristol Harbour Railway and the Bristol and South Wales Union Railway. To accommodate the increasing number of trains the station was expanded in the 1870s by Francis Fox and again in the 1930s by P E Culverhouse. Brunel's terminus is no longer part of the operational station. The historical significance of the station has been noted, and most of the site is Grade 1 listed.

Temple Meads is one of 19 stations managed by Network Rail.[1] The majority of services are operated by franchise holder First Great Western, which provides services to London Paddington, and local and inter-urban trains to destinations such as Cardiff Central, Southampton, Portsmouth and Weymouth. Long distance inter-city trains are operated by CrossCountry to destinations as diverse as Exeter St Davids, Plymouth in the South West and Penzance in Cornwall; Birmingham New Street in the Midlands; Manchester Piccadilly, Leeds and Newcastle in the North; and Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Glasgow Central in Scotland. A few trains to London Waterloo are provided by South West Trains.

More than 7.8 million people entered and left the station in the twelve months to March 2010, an increase of more than 2 million in five years. It is the 33rd-most-used Network Rail station and the 13th busiest outside the London area, and it was estimated that more than 975,000 people used the station to change trains. The platforms are numbered 1 to 15, but passenger trains are confined to just eight tracks. Most platforms are numbered separately at each end with odd numbers at the east end, even numbers at the west end. Platform 2 is not signalled for passenger trains, and platform 14 does not exist.

History

The name Temple Meads derives from the nearby Temple Church, which was gutted by bombing during World War II.[2] The word "meads" is a derivation of "mæd", an Old English variation of "mædwe", meadow, referring to the water meadows alongside the River Avon that were part of Temple parish. As late as 1820 the site was undeveloped pasture outside the boundaries of the old city,[3] some distance from the commercial centre. It lay between the Floating Harbour and the city's cattle market, which was built in 1830.

Brunel's station

Engraving of interior of Brunel's train-shed from c1843, by John Cooke Bourne.

The original terminus was built in 1839–41 for the Great Western Railway (GWR), the first passenger railway in Bristol, and was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the railway's engineer.[4] For his first railway, Brunel chose to use the 7 ft (2,134 mm) broad gauge. He went on to use the gauge for many more of the railways that he built in South and West Britain. The station was on a viaduct to raise it above the level of the Floating Harbour and River Avon, the latter being crossed via the grade I listed Avon Bridge. The station was covered by a 200-foot (60 m) train shed, extended beyond the platforms by 155 feet (47 m) into a storage area and engine shed, fronted by an office building in the Tudor style.[5] Train services to Bath commenced on 31 August 1840 and were extended to Paddington on 30 June 1841 following the completion of Box Tunnel.[6]

Brunel's original station as it appears today.

A few weeks before the start of the services to Paddington the Bristol and Exeter Railway (B&ER) had opened, on 14 June 1841,[7] its trains reversing in and out of the GWR station. The third railway at Temple Meads was the Bristol and Gloucester Railway, which opened on 8 July 1844 and was taken over by the Midland Railway (MR) on 1 July 1845.[6] This used the GWR platforms, diverging onto its own line on the far side of the bridge over the Floating Harbour. Both these new railways were engineered by Brunel and were initially broad gauge.[7] Brunel also designed the Bristol and South Wales Union Railway, but this was not opened until 25 August 1863, nearly four years after his death. It terminated at Temple Meads.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brunel's Temple Meads railway station.

Bristol and Exeter Railway station

The Bristol and Exeter Railway headquarters

In 1845 the B&ER built its own station at right angles to the GWR station and an "express platform" on the curve linking the two lines so that through trains no longer had to reverse. The wooden B&ER station was known locally as "The Cowshed";[5] but a grand headquarters was built at street level on the west side of its station in 1852–54 to the Jacobean designs of Samuel Fripp.[4] The Bristol and Portishead Pier and Railway opened a branch off the Bristol and Exeter line west of the city on 18 April 1867, the trains being operated by the B&ER and using its platforms at Temple Meads.[8]

In 1850 an engine shed had been opened on the south bank of the River Avon on the east side of the line to the B&ER station.[9] Between 1859 and 1875, 23 engines were built in the workshops attached to the shed, including several distinctive Bristol and Exeter Railway 4-2-4T locomotives.[10]

Goods stations

A 1911 Railway Clearing House Junction Diagram showing railways around Bristol

The GWR built a 326-by-138-foot (99 m × 42 m) goods shed on the north side of the station adjacent to the Floating Harbour, with a small dock for transhipment of goods to barges (not seagoing ships, as the wharf was upstream of Bristol Bridge). Wagons had to be lowered 12 feet (4 m) to the goods shed on hoists. On 11 March 1872, a direct connection to the harbour was made in the form of the Bristol Harbour Railway, a joint operation of the three railways, which ran between the passenger station and the goods yard, across the street outside on a bridge, and descended into a tunnel under the churchyard of St. Mary Redcliffe on its way to a wharf downstream of Bristol Bridge.[5]

The B&ER had a goods depot at Pylle Hill (south of the station) from 1850, and the MR had an independent yard at Avonside Wharf on the opposite side of the Floating Harbour from 1858.[11]

Effects of the change of gauge

On 29 May 1854 the Midland Railway laid a third rail along their line to Gloucester to provide mixed gauge so that it could operate 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge passenger trains while broad gauge goods trains could still run to collieries north of Bristol. Sidings at South Wales Junction allowed traffic to be transhipped between wagons on the two different gauges. The GWR continued to operate its trains on the broad gauge,[6] but on 3 September 1873 it opened the standard gauge Bristol and North Somerset Railway. This had a junction nearly 1⁄2 mile (800 m) from the station on the London line and so mixed gauge was extended to that point. During the following year mixed gauge track was continued beyond Bath in connection with the conversion of the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway to standard gauge. Mixed gauge was laid through Box Tunnel on 16 May 1875 and so standard gauge trains could run to London, although broad gauge was retained west of Temple Meads and through trains from London to Penzance and other stations in Devon and Cornwall continued to be broad gauge.[7] Goods traffic was transhipped between the two gauges in the B&ER yard at Pylle Hill.

The B&ER converted the line to Taunton to mixed gauge by 1 June 1875, but the remainder of the line to Exeter was not done until 1 March 1876, three months after the B&ER had amalgamated with the GWR. The remainder of the lines beyond Exeter were converted to standard gauge on 21 May 1892[7] so the extra rails at Temple Meads fell into disuse and were removed to leave a purely standard gauge layout. This allowed the through station to be rebuilt with two additional platform faces.[5]

1870s expansion

The main entrance to the station built in the 1870s between the terminal and through platforms. The tower was topped by a spire until World War II

The additional railway routes put the two short 140-yard (130 m) platforms of Brunel's terminus under pressure and a scheme was developed to extend the station. An enabling Act of Parliament was passed in 1865 and between 1871 and 1878 the station was extensively rebuilt. Brunel's platforms were extended by 212 yards (194 m) towards London and a new three-platform through station built on the site of the express platform, while the B&ER station was closed and the site used for a new carriage shed.[12] This work is usually attributed to Brunel's former associate Matthew Digby Wyatt, but there is no documentary evidence of his involvement in the Minutes of the Station Joint Committee. The only signature on the drawings is that of Francis Fox, the engineer of the B&ER.[13] The curved wrought-iron train shed over the new through platforms was 500 feet (150 m) long on the platform wall. The goods depot was rebuilt with the inconvenient wagon hoists replaced by a steep incline from the east end of Temple Meads, which meant that the sidings in the goods shed were at right angles to their original alignment and the barge dock was filled in.[11]

Trains on the Bristol and South Wales Union and the Midland routes operated from the terminal platforms while the GWR used the new through platforms.[5] The capital costs of the new work were split 4/14 GWR/B&ER and 10/14 MR, operating costs were split GWR 3/8, MR 3/8 and B&ER 2/8. Hence when the GWR absorbed the B&ER in 1876 the split was GWR 5/8 and MR (later LMS) 3/8, until nationalisation on 1 January 1948.[13]

Twentieth century changes

Original terminus in 1958
The 08.50 Paignton to Leeds express stands at No. 7 platform in 1960
A view looking northwards from Bath Road. The 1870s arched train shed is surrounded by the flatter canopies of the newer platforms opened in 1935.

In 1924 the goods depot was rebuilt with 15 platforms, each 575 feet (175 m) long. Large warehousing and cellar space was provided to store goods, although by this time another city centre goods depot had been opened at Canons Marsh.[11]

Between 1930 and 1935 the through station was expanded under the direction of architect P E Culverhouse, in art deco style, both eastwards over the old cattle market and southwards on a new wider bridge across Cattle Market Road and the New Cut of the River Avon. This made room for the addition of five through-platform faces, while the removal of the narrow island platforms in the middle of the train shed allowed the main Up and Down platforms to be both widened and lengthened.[12] All the routes approaching Temple Meads were widened to four tracks to allow more flexibility.[11]

As part of this work four manual signal boxes were replaced by three power signal boxes, and the semaphore signals and mechanical point linkages were replaced by colour light signals and point motors. The new Bristol Temple Meads East box was the largest on the GWR with 368 miniature levers operated by three signalmen assisted by a "booking boy". The other two boxes were at Bristol Temple Meads West, and controlling the movements in and out of the new Bath Road Depot, which replaced the old B&ER locomotive works in 1934.[11]

During World War II the station was bombed, which led to the destruction of the wooden spire of the clock tower above the ticket office on 3 January 1941.[12] Gas lighting was replaced by fluorescent electric lights in 1960.[11]

Bristol Panel Signal Box was built on the site of the Platform 14. When opened it controlled 280 multiple-aspect signals and 243 motor-worked points on 114 miles (183 km) of route, the largest area controlled by a single signal box on British Rail at the time.[14]

The construction of this signal box, completed in 1970, involved the demolition of almost half of the 1870s extension to Brunel's terminus and completely blocked rail access to the Old Station [15]

A second main-line station serving Bristol, Bristol Parkway, opened in 1972. It is on the northern outskirts of the conurbation close to the M32 motorway and was designed as a park and ride facility for long-distance travellers.[16]

In the 1970s the Post Office built a mail conveyor at the northern end of the station, with significant aesthetic impact. This has been out of use for many years following the transfer of Royal Mail's activities to the West of England Mail Centre at Filton. In 1990–1991 £2,000,000 was spent by InterCity on a renovation of the main train shed and another £7,000,000 on restoring some of the older areas of the station, including the refurbishment of the subway and construction of new retail outlets. The shorter of the two 1935 platform islands had been used only for parcels traffic since the 1960s but was temporarily brought back into passenger use during this work. It was fully restored for passenger use in 2001.[12]

Preceding station Historical railways Following station
St Anne's Park   Great Western Railway
To London via Box 		  Bedminster
Lawrence Hill   Great Western Railway
To London via Badminton,
To Cardiff and Pilning via Avonmouth 		 
Brislington   Great Western Railway
To Radstock 		  Terminus
Fishponds   Bristol and Gloucester Railway
(later Midland Railway) 		  Terminus

Closure of lines

Passenger traffic on the old North Somerset line ceased on 2 November 1959 and many more closures followed after the publication of Dr Beeching's The Reshaping of British Railways in 1963. The connection to the Bristol Harbour Railway was closed on 6 January 1964; passenger trains to Portishead were withdrawn on 7 September 1964; and most local services in the north of the city were withdrawn on 23 November 1964. The following year saw local services on the Midland route to Gloucester withdrawn[17] and the Midland route to Bath Green Park via Mangotsfield was closed on 7 March 1966. St Anne's Park and Saltford on the line towards Bath survived until 5 January 1970.[17]

On 12 September 1965 the terminal platforms were closed. This allowed the platforms to be renumbered with the order reversed (see list below).[11] The redundant train shed became a covered car park in February the following year, but from 1989 until 1999 the original (Brunel) part was an interactive science centre known as The Exploratory and an exhibition space. It later housed the British Empire and Commonwealth Museum, until that closed in 2008 for relocation to London,[18] although this relocation has since been delayed and the museum remains closed. Plans were announced in March 2013 to use the building as a hub for startups and creative businesses.[19]

This sign should read "Platforms 1 to 12" but refers to the earlier numbering system when these platforms were numbers 1 and 2. They are now 15 (left) and 13 (right)
Bristol Panel Signal Box, built on the old Platform 14
Old New Location
1 15
2 13
3 12 West end
4 11 East end
5 9 & 10 East and west ends numbered differently
6 7 & 8 East and west ends numbered differently
7 5 East end in the main train shed
8 6 West end beyond (new ) platform 5
9 3 East end in the main train shed
10 4 West end beyond (new) platform 3
11 2 West end bay
12 1 East end of arrival platform
13 Closed West end of arrival platform
14 Closed East end of departure platform
15 Closed West end of departure platform

Description

The station from the south. The main approach is from the left, behind the brown brick offices (Collett House). The turrets behind these belong to Bristol & Exeter House, which hides Brunel's building. Fox's extension can be seen to the right of Bristol & Exeter House, linking Brunel's station with the large arch of the main train shed. The flatter canopies belong to Culverhouse's 1935 extensions, with platform 4 on the extreme left and Platform 15 partly hidden by the trees on the right. The lower modern buildings behind the station are the Temple Quay office complex, on the site of the old goods shed. The demolition rubble in the foreground is the remains of Bristol Bath Road TMD.

Approaches

The station approach looks straight towards Fox's turreted 1870s station entrance. Part of Brunel's original station on the left with Fox's 1870s extension between that and the entrance; the current station train shed is to the right of the entrance.

Although it is now possible to reach the station through the Temple Quay office development (on the site of the goods shed) or from the Bristol Ferry Boat Company landing stage on the Floating Harbour, the traditional and main approach is from Temple Gate. Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Tudor-style offices, later used by the former British Empire and Commonwealth Museum, face this road and are flanked on the north side by an archway that used to be the main station for departing passengers; a matching arch on the other side was the arrivals gateway but was removed when the station was expanded in the 1870s.[5]

Opposite these offices are the Grosvenor Hotel and the derelict George Railway Hotel, which were built in the 1870s,[4] on either side of the site of the Bristol Harbour Railway bridge. A modern pub named The Reckless Engineer as a tribute to Brunel faces the approach road to the station.

On the right of the Station Approach but at a lower level is the B&ER office building designed by Samuel Fripp; the 1930s offices known as "Collett House" (named after Charles Collett) and a disused parcels depot lie beyond. On the left is Brunel's original station building. The train shed is 72 feet (22 m) wide with a wooden box-frame roof and cast iron columns disguised as hammerbeams above Tudor arches. It is believed to be the widest hammerbeam roof in England and, along with most of the station, is a Grade 1 listed building,[20][21] and forms part of a proposed Great Western Railway World Heritage Site.[22] At the top of the slope an entrance on the left to the covered car park marks the junction between the original terminus and Fox's 1870s extension.

Ahead is the turreted main station building, and to the right a flat area marks the site of the B&ER station. The tunnel beneath this area was the route for passengers to and from the Down platform from 1878 until the station was enlarged in 1935.[12]

Station

Entering the main building, the ticket office and ticket machines are immediately ahead, and the route from Temple Quay and the ferry is on the left; a bookshop is on the right, next to the platform entrance. Customer Information System screens by the entrance show arrival and departure information for all platforms, as do displays on each of the platforms. All platforms are signalled for trains in either direction and the flexible layout means that trains on any route can use any part of the station.[23] Platforms with odd numbers are at the east end, even numbers at the west end (geographically the south, due to the curvature of the platforms).[24]

Platform 3 and the ticket gates that control entrance to the platforms

Entrance to the platforms is controlled by automatic ticket gates on Platform 3, which is used by many northbound CrossCountry trains and local services to Bristol Parkway and Gloucester. The main station restaurant and bar is on the left[25] and the short Platform 1, a bay, is beyond this. This is most frequently used by Severn Beach Line trains but is long enough to handle any four-car Diesel Multiple Unit (DMU). Behind Platform 1 is a brick wall that forms part of the signal box and on this are some metal artworks created by artists with learning difficulties to celebrate Brunel's 200th anniversary in 2006; an interpretation panel is nearby. The High Level Siding beyond Platform 1 is the rump of the Bristol Harbour Railway, and Barton Hill traction maintenance depot can be seen in the distance alongside Bristol East Junction (formerly South Wales Junction) where the lines to Bristol Parkway and Bath diverge. The large grey box structure above the tracks at this end of the station is a bridge installed in the 1970s for postal traffic; it links with the derelict sorting office beyond Platform 15.

On the right of the entrance is the subway that links all the platforms, reached either by steps or lift;[25] it houses the main public toilets, automated teller machines (ATM) and several catering outlets (there is catering on all platform islands except 13–15). A passenger information office and lounge are above the subway, the British Transport Police office and cycle racks are beyond,[25] and at the western end is Platform 4, used by only a few trains. Alongside this is Platform 2, another bay platform but not signalled for passenger trains and used only for stabling empty trains, as is the former Motorail unloading bay alongside. At the far end of this track is the old Fish Dock, occasionally used for stabling engineers' on-track equipment. Beyond the end of the platform the tracks swing to the right (the west) and pass out of sight beneath Bath Road Bridge, a girder bridge that carries the A4 out of the city.

The first island platform comprises platforms 5 to 8. Platform 5 is inside the main train shed while 6 is a southerly extension and 7 and 8 were added outside the supporting wall in the 1930s.[12] Platform 5 is used by trains towards Cardiff and platform 7 to Portsmouth; platforms 6 and 8 are the main platforms for Weston-super-Mare and stations to Penzance. Between platforms 5 and 7 are the two Spur Sidings that are long enough to stable a single Class 143 railbus or Class 153 DMU.

The third island platform comprises platforms 9 to 12 and also dates from the 1930s.[12] It is longer than platforms 5–8 but the rear of a High Speed Train on the west end platforms will block part of the east end platform.[24] A wide variety of trains use these platforms, including to and from London Paddington and London Waterloo and Weymouth.

The final island platform is shorter and only has east-end platforms 13 and 15: 15 is used by most trains from Paddington that continue westwards to Weston-super-Mare or beyond. Platform 13 is a terminus platform and is used by many trains from Paddington, some local services and occasionally by CrossCountry. There is another siding beyond platform 15 that used to be the In/Out Road for Bath Road Traction Maintenance Depot. This depot has been demolished and is being redeveloped for non-railway purposes. Between platforms 3/4 and 5/6 are the Up Through line and the Middle Siding; the Down Through line runs between platforms 11/12 and 13.[24]

Other facilities include pay phones, public Wi-Fi, a post box, photo booth, and passenger assistance such as information points, waiting rooms, a lost property office, first aid room, and CCTV.[25]

Passenger volume

Temple Meads is the busiest station in the Bristol area. Official statistics show it to have the 33rd-largest number of people entering or leaving any Network Rail station, the 13th busiest outside London and the third busiest First Great Western station, after Paddington and Reading. Comparing the year from April 2009 with the year from April 2002, estimated passenger numbers increased by 52%.[26]

  2002–03 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10
Entries 2,590,543 2,823,258 3,039,104 3,279,898 3,541,946 3,914,814 3,937,843
Exits 2,586,575 2,818,114 3,027,136 3,268,961 3,540,152 3,914,814 3,937,843
Interchanges unknown 798,961 856,644 917,595 845,178 890,706 979,955
Total 5,177,118 6,440,333 6,922,883 7,466,454 7,927,276 8,720,334 8,855,641

The statistics cover twelve-month periods that start in April.

Services

Rail services

Customer Information System showing arrivals and departures

The station is operated by First Great Western, along with main line services to London Paddington station,[27] long distance services to Cardiff Central[28] and the South Coast,[29] local services to Weston-super-Mare, Taunton and Gloucester and a few services each day to/from Brighton.[30]

An alternative route, to London Waterloo, is provided by South West Trains,[31] while regular CrossCountry services run south to Plymouth and Penzance,[32] and north to Birmingham, Manchester and Scotland.[33]

Preceding station National Rail National Rail Following station
Bristol Parkway   CrossCountry
Scotland – South West England 		  Weston-super-Mare
or
Taunton
  CrossCountry
Manchester Piccadilly – Bristol 		  Terminus
  CrossCountry
Manchester Piccadilly – Cardiff Central
(limited service) 		  Filton Abbey Wood
Bath Spa   First Great Western
London Paddington to Bristol Temple Meads 		  Terminus
  First Great Western
London Paddington to Weston-super-Mare 		  Nailsea and Backwell
Lawrence Hill
or
Filton Abbey Wood 		  First Great Western
Gloucester – Westbury/Weymouth
and Cardiff Central – Portsmouth 		  Keynsham or Bath Spa
  First Great Western
Cardiff Central – Taunton 		  Nailsea and Backwell
  First Great Western
Bristol Parkway – Weston-super-Mare 		  Bedminster
  First Great Western
Severn Beach Line 		  Terminus
Bath Spa   South West Trains
London Waterloo to Bristol 		  Terminus

Bus services

The Bristol Airport Flyer picking up outside the station

Temple Meads is served by many buses including

Ferry services

Bristol Ferry Boats call at a landing stage in the Floating Harbour outside the station. The service links Bristol Bridge, St Augustine's Reach in the City Centre, the SS Great Britain, and Hotwells.[43]

Future

First Great Western declined an option to continue the Greater Western passenger franchise beyond 2013, citing a desire for a longer-term contract due to the impending upgrade to the Great Western Main Line.[44] The franchise was put out to tender,[45][46][47] but the process was halted and later scrapped due to the fallout from the collapse of the InterCity West Coast franchise competition.[48] In October 2013 a new 23-month franchise running to September 2015 was awarded directly to First Great Western,[49][50] and subsequently extended until March 2019.[51][52][53] The coming years will see the introduction of new Intercity Express Trains, capacity enhancements and smart ticketing.[54]

The Great Western Main Line from London to Bristol is due to be electrified by 2016.[55] However, the electrification will not extend beyond Bristol to Weston-super-Mare, so local services will continue to be provided using diesel trains.[56] The group Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways (FOSBR) supports the electrification continuing to Weston,[57][58] as does MP for Weston-super-Mare John Penrose.[59][60] FOSBR are also calling for the electrification of the Severn Beach Line.[58]

The Portishead Branch Line, which runs along the south side of the River Avon from a junction just beyond Parson Street, is due to be reopened by 2017.[61] There is an aspiration of two trains per hour between Portishead and Temple Meads in peak periods, possibly calling at Bedminster and Parson Street.[62][63][64][65][66] The line was built in the 1860s, but closed to passenger traffic in 1964, leaving Portishead as one of Britain's largest towns without a railway station. The line was reopened for freight traffic to serve Royal Portbury Docks in 2001, and the restoration of passenger traffic is considered part of the Greater Bristol Metro scheme, which was given the go-ahead in July 2012 as part of the City Deal, whereby local councils would be given greater control over money by the government.[61] The Invitation to Tender for the new Greater Western franchise asks bidders to include costs for two trains per hour each direction between Portishead and Bristol Temple Meads, calling at all stations, with one train per hour extended to Severn Beach; and another hourly all stations service from Severn Beach to Bath Spa. These services are to operate from the December 2017, 18 hours a day Monday-Saturday and 9 hours a day on Sundays.[67] The Metro scheme could also see the reopening of the Henbury Loop Line to passengers, with the possibility of services from Temple Meads to Bristol Parkway via Clifton Down and Henbury.[61]

The station roof is to be refurbished as part of a scheme to transform the station over the next 25 years.[68] It was announced in November 2013 that Network Rail would take over management of the station from First Great Western as of Spring 2014.[69]

See also

Template:Bristol railway map/collapse

References

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  28. ^ "National Rail Timetable 132 (Summer 2008)" (PDF). Network Rail.
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  51. ^ "First Great Western offered new franchise deal". BBC News. BBC. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
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  57. ^ "Benefits of Bristol to London high-speed rail link 'must go beyond just mainline'". This Is Bristol. Northcliffe Media. 3 March 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2012. {{cite news}}: External link in |work= (help)
  58. ^ a b "FoSBR Newsletter" (PDF). Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways. Autumn 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
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  61. ^ a b c Ribbeck, Michael (6 July 2012). "£100 million Bristol Metro train network by 2016". The Post, Bristol. Northcliffe Media. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  62. ^ Bristol Evening Post (18 June 2011). "New fight launched to reopen railway line". This is Bristol. Northcliffe Media. Retrieved 8 May 2012. The aspiration is for a regular service on a reopened line with new stations at Ashton Gate, Pill and Portishead and stopping trains at Parson St and Bedminster. {{cite news}}: External link in |work= (help)
  63. ^ Network Rail (March 2010). "Great Western Route Utilisation Strategy" (PDF). pp. 41, 51, 60, 63, 128, 165, 210, 211. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
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Further reading

  • Buchanan, RA; Williams, M (1982). Brunel's Bristol. Bristol: Redcliffe Press. ISBN 0-905459-39-3.
  • Gomme, A; Jenner, M; Little, B (1979). Bristol: an Architectural History. London: Lund Humphries. ISBN 0-85331-409-8.
  • Harris, Peter (1987). Bristol's Railway Mania 1862–1864. Bristol: Bristol Branch of the Historical Association. ISBN 0-901388-49-1.
  • Jowett, Alan (1993). Jowett's Atlas of Railway Centres: of Great Britain showing their development from the earliest times up to and including the 1990s - Volume 1 (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0420-4. OCLC 30919645.


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