Cessna 195
| Model 190 & 195 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cessna 195 | |
| Role | Light personal and business aircraft |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Cessna Aircraft Company |
| First flight | 1945 |
| Introduction | 1947 |
| Primary users | United States Army United States Air Force |
| Produced | 1947-1954 |
| Number built | 1,180[1] |
| Developed from | Cessna 165 |
_and_1948_Cessna_190_(VH-AAL)_at_Temora.jpg)
The Cessna 190 and 195 Businessliner are a family of light single radial engine powered, conventional landing gear equipped, general aviation aircraft which were manufactured by Cessna between 1947 and 1954.[2]
The 195 model was also used by the United States Air Force, United States Army, and Army National Guard as a light transport and utility aircraft under the designations LC-126/U-20.[3][4][5]
Development
The Cessna 190 and 195 were Cessna's only postwar radial-engined aircraft. The first prototype flew in 1945, after the end of World War II and both the 190 and 195 entered production in 1947.[6][7]
The 195 was the first Cessna airplane to be completely constructed of aluminum and features a cantilever wing, similar to the pre-war Cessna 165 from which it is derived. The wing differs from later Cessna light aircraft in that it has a straight taper from root chord to tip chord and no dihedral. The airfoil employed is a NACA 2412, the same as used on the later Cessna 150, 172 and 182.[3][8]
The 190/195 fuselage is large in comparison to other Cessna models because the 42" diameter radial engine had to be accommodated in the nose. There are two rows of seats: two individual seats in the first row, with a comfortable space between them and up to three passengers can be accommodated on a bench seat in the second row.[6]
The 190/195 has flat sprung-steel landing gear legs derived from Cessna's purchase of the rights to Steve Wittman's Big X. Many have been equipped with swiveling crosswind landing gear which allows landing with up to 15 degrees of crab. While the crosswind gear simplifies the actual landing, it makes the aircraft difficult to handle on the ground. The 195 is equipped with a retractable step that extends when the cabin door is opened, although some have been modified to make the step a fixed unit.[3]
The aircraft was expensive to purchase and operate for private use and Cessna therefore marketed them as mainly as a business aircraft under the name "Businessliner".[2]
The engines fitted to the 190 and 195 became well known for their oil consumption. The aircraft has a 5-US-gallon (19 L) oil tank, with 2 US gallons (7.6 L) the minimum for flight. Typical oil consumption with steel cylinder barrels is 2 US quarts (1.9 L) per hour.[6]
A factory-produced floatplane version was equipped with a triple tail for improved lateral stability. The tail resembles that of the Lockheed Constellation.[2]
The Cessna 195 produces a cruise true airspeed of 148 knots (274 km/h) (170 MPH) on a fuel consumption of 16 US gallons (61 L) per hour.[3] It can accommodate five people.
Including the LC-126s, a total of 1180 190s and 195s were built.[1]
The 190 was originally introduced at a price of USD$12,750 in 1947 (equivalent to $173,978 in 2023). When production ended in 1954 the price had risen to USD$24,700 (equivalent to $280,239 in 2023) for the 195B. This compared to USD$3,495 for the Cessna 140 two seater of the same period.[3][9]
LC-126/U-20
The LC-126 was the military version of the 300 hp (220 kW) Cessna 195 and could be fitted with skis or floats. 83 LC-126s were delivered, including:[1][3]
- USAF - Cessna LC-126 - 15[3]
- Army National Guard - Cessna LC-126B - 5[5]
- US Army - Cessna LC-126 63[3]
Once made surplus the majority of LC-126s were sold as civil aircraft, once modified by a Cessna civil kit.[3][4]
Operational history
The Cessna 190 and 195 are considered "one of the finest classics ever built" by pilots and collectors and are much sought after on the used aircraft market.[1][6]
In February 2016 the number of 190s and 195s still registered in the USA were:[10][11]
- 89 Cessna 190
- 231 Cessna 195
- 133 Cessna 195A
- 125 Cessna 195B
In August 2009 there were three Cessna 190s and 17 Cessna 195s registered in Canada.[12] Other Cessna 190 and 195 aircraft have been purchased by private pilot owners resident in Brazil and the United Kingdom.
Variants
_on_Runway_36_at_Temora_Airport.jpg)
The main difference between the 190 and the 195 models was the engine installed.[4]
- 190
- Powered by a Continental W670-23 engine of 240 hp (180 kW) and first certified on 1 July 1947.[4]
- 195
- Powered by a Jacobs R-755-A2 engine of 300 hp (225 kW) and first certified on 12 June 1947.[4]
- 195A
- Powered by a Jacobs L-4MB (R-755-9) engine of 245 hp (184 kW) and first certified on 6 January 1950.[4]
- 195B
- Powered by a Jacobs R-755B2 engine of 275 hp (206 kW) and first certified on 31 March 1952. It featured flaps increased in area by 50% over earlier models.[4][6]
- LC-126A
- Military version of the Cessna 195, five-seat communication aircraft for the US Air Force[citation needed] and US Army, it could be fitted with skis or floats.[5]
- LC-126B
- [5]
- LC-126C
- [5]
- U-20B
- LC-126B redesignated by the USAF after 1962.[5]
- U-20C
- LC-126C redesignated by the USAF after 1962.[5]
Operators
Civil
The Cessna 190 and 195 have been popular with private individuals and companies, and have also been operated by some air charter companies and small feeder airlines.
Military
Specifications (Cessna 195)
Data from The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition[3]
General characteristics
- Crew: one
- Capacity: four passengers
- Length: 27 ft 4 in (8.33 m)
- Wingspan: 36 ft 2 in (11.02 m)
- Height: 7 ft 2 in (2.18 m)
- Empty weight: 2,100 lb (953 kg)
- Gross weight: 3,350 lb (1,520 kg)
- Fuel capacity: 75 US gallons (280 L; 62 imp gal)
- Powerplant: 1 × Jacobs R-755 radial engine, 300 hp (220 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed Hamilton Standard constant speed propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 185 mph (298 km/h, 161 kn)
- Cruise speed: 170 mph (270 km/h, 150 kn) at 70% power
- Stall speed: 62 mph (100 km/h, 54 kn) power off, flaps 45°
- Range: 800 mi (1,300 km, 700 nmi) at 70% power
- Service ceiling: 18,300 ft (5,600 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,200 ft/min (6.1 m/s)
- Wing loading: 15.36 lb/sq ft (75.0 kg/m2)
See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
- ^ a b c d Classic Aircraft (2007). "Cessna 190 Series Information". Retrieved 2008-08-10.
- ^ a b c Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition, page 54. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. ISBN 0-395-62888-1
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cite error: The named reference
Christywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g Federal Aviation Administration (March 2003). "TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. A-790". Retrieved 2008-08-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Harding 1997, pp. 82–83.
- ^ a b c d e Plane and Pilot: 1978 Aircraft Directory, page 92. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. ISBN 0-918312-00-0
- ^ Shanaberger, Kenneth W. (2008). "Cessna 190/195 Businessliner". Retrieved 2008-08-11.
- ^ Lednicer, David (October 2007). "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". Retrieved 2008-08-10.
- ^ Christy. Joe: The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition, page 12. Tab Books, 1979. ISBN 0-8306-2268-3
- ^ Federal Aviation Administration (February 2016). "FAA Registry". Retrieved 2016-02-04.
- ^ Federal Aviation Administration (February 2016). "FAA Registry". Retrieved 2016-02-04.
- ^ Transport Canada (August 2009). "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register". Retrieved 2009-08-20.
- Harding, Stephen (1997). U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947. Atglen, PA, USA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7643-0190-X.