Jump to content

Cinderella: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 278149253 by 24.14.142.48 (talk)
No edit summary
Line 16: Line 16:


== Origins and history ==
== Origins and history ==
once upon a time there was a very poor girl who was raped when she was a baby and she didnt go to school
The Cinderella theme may have well originated in [[classical antiquity]]: The [[Ancient Greece|Greek historian]] [[Strabo]] (''[[Geographica (Strabo)|Geographica]]'' Book 17, 1.33) recorded in the [[1st century BC]] the tale of the [[Greeks in Egypt|Greco-Egyptian]] girl [[Rhodopis]], which is considered the oldest known version of the story.<ref>[http://www.aldokkan.com/art/cinderella.htm "The Egyptian Cinderella"]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PzsHAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PRA11-PA719,M1 "Cinderella"], ''The Every-day Book and Table Book; or, Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastimes, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs, and Events, Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Days, in Past and Present Times; Forming a Complete History of the Year, Months, and Seasons, and a Perpetual Key to the Almanac, Including Accounts of the Weather, Rules for Health and Conduct, Remarkable and Important Anecdotes, Facts, and Notices, in Chronology, Antiquities, Topography, Biography, Natural History, Art, Science, and General Literature; Derived from the Most Authentic Sources, and Valuable Original Communication, with Poetical Elucidations, for Daily Use and Diversion. Vol III.'', ed. William Hone, (London: 1838) pp 719-20. Retrieved on 2008-06-05</ref> Rhodopis (the "rosy-cheeked") washes her clothes in an Ormoc stream, a task forced upon her by fellow servants, who have left to go to a function sponsored by the [[Pharaoh]] [[Amasis]]. An eagle takes her rose-gilded sandal and drops it at the feet of the Pharaoh in the city of [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]; he then asks the women of his kingdom to try on the sandal to see which one fits. Rhodopis succeeds. The Pharaoh falls in love with her, and she marries him. The story later reappears with [[Claudius Aelianus|Aelian]] (ca. [[175]]&ndash;ca. [[235]]),<ref>Aelian, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/aelian/varhist13.xhtml#b28 "Various History", 13.33]</ref> showing that the Cinderella theme remained popular throughout antiquity. Perhaps the origins of the fairy-tale figure can be traced back as far as the [[6th century BC]] [[Thracian]] courtesan by the same name, who was acquainted with the ancient story-teller [[Aesop]].<ref>Herodot, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+2.134.1 "The "Histories", 2.134-135]</ref>
The Cinderella theme may have well originated in [[classical antiquity]]: The [[Ancient Greece|Greek historian]] [[Strabo]] (''[[Geographica (Strabo)|Geographica]]'' Book 17, 1.33) recorded in the [[1st century BC]] the tale of the [[Greeks in Egypt|Greco-Egyptian]] girl [[Rhodopis]], which is considered the oldest known version of the story.<ref>[http://www.aldokkan.com/art/cinderella.htm "The Egyptian Cinderella"]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PzsHAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PRA11-PA719,M1 "Cinderella"], ''The Every-day Book and Table Book; or, Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastimes, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs, and Events, Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Days, in Past and Present Times; Forming a Complete History of the Year, Months, and Seasons, and a Perpetual Key to the Almanac, Including Accounts of the Weather, Rules for Health and Conduct, Remarkable and Important Anecdotes, Facts, and Notices, in Chronology, Antiquities, Topography, Biography, Natural History, Art, Science, and General Literature; Derived from the Most Authentic Sources, and Valuable Original Communication, with Poetical Elucidations, for Daily Use and Diversion. Vol III.'', ed. William Hone, (London: 1838) pp 719-20. Retrieved on 2008-06-05</ref> Rhodopis (the "rosy-cheeked") washes her clothes in an Ormoc stream, a task forced upon her by fellow servants, who have left to go to a function sponsored by the [[Pharaoh]] [[Amasis]]. An eagle takes her rose-gilded sandal and drops it at the feet of the Pharaoh in the city of [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]; he then asks the women of his kingdom to try on the sandal to see which one fits. Rhodopis succeeds. The Pharaoh falls in love with her, and she marries him. The story later reappears with [[Claudius Aelianus|Aelian]] (ca. [[175]]&ndash;ca. [[235]]),<ref>Aelian, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/aelian/varhist13.xhtml#b28 "Various History", 13.33]</ref> showing that the Cinderella theme remained popular throughout antiquity. Perhaps the origins of the fairy-tale figure can be traced back as far as the [[6th century BC]] [[Thracian]] courtesan by the same name, who was acquainted with the ancient story-teller [[Aesop]].<ref>Herodot, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+2.134.1 "The "Histories", 2.134-135]</ref>


Revision as of 03:02, 19 March 2009

For other uses, see Cinderella (disambiguation).
Cinderella
Gustave Doré's illustration for Cendrillon
Folk tale
NameCinderella
Also known asCendrillon, Aschenputtel, Cenerentola
Aarne–Thompson grouping510a
CountryWorldwide
Published inThe Pentamerone (1634)
Mother Goose Tales (1697)
Grimm's Fairy Tales (1812)

Cinderella (French: Cendrillon, German: Aschenputtel, Spanish: Cenicienta, Italian: Cenerentola), is a well-known classic folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world.[1] The title character[2] is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances which suddenly change to remarkable fortune. The word "cinderella" has, by analogy, come to mean one whose attributes are unrecognised, or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect. The still-popular story of Cinderella continues to influence popular culture internationally, lending plot elements, allusions, and tropes to a wide variety of media.

Origins and history

once upon a time there was a very poor girl who was raped when she was a baby and she didnt go to school The Cinderella theme may have well originated in classical antiquity: The Greek historian Strabo (Geographica Book 17, 1.33) recorded in the 1st century BC the tale of the Greco-Egyptian girl Rhodopis, which is considered the oldest known version of the story.[3][4] Rhodopis (the "rosy-cheeked") washes her clothes in an Ormoc stream, a task forced upon her by fellow servants, who have left to go to a function sponsored by the Pharaoh Amasis. An eagle takes her rose-gilded sandal and drops it at the feet of the Pharaoh in the city of Memphis; he then asks the women of his kingdom to try on the sandal to see which one fits. Rhodopis succeeds. The Pharaoh falls in love with her, and she marries him. The story later reappears with Aelian (ca. 175–ca. 235),[5] showing that the Cinderella theme remained popular throughout antiquity. Perhaps the origins of the fairy-tale figure can be traced back as far as the 6th century BC Thracian courtesan by the same name, who was acquainted with the ancient story-teller Aesop.[6]

Another version of the story, Ye Xian, appeared in Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang by Tuan Ch'eng-Shih around A.D. 860. Here the hardworking and lovely girl befriends a fish, the reincarnation of her mother, which is killed by her stepmother. Ye Xian saves the bones, which are magic, and they help her dress appropriately for a festival. When she loses her slipper after a fast exit, the king finds her and falls in love with her.

Several different variants of the story appear in the medieval One Thousand and One Nights, also known as the Arabian Nights, including "The Second Shaykh's Story", "The Eldest Lady's Tale" and "Abdallah ibn Fadil and His Brothers", all dealing with the theme of a younger sibling harassed by two jealous elders. In some of these, the siblings are female, while in others they are male. One of the tales, "Judar and His Brethren", departs from the happy endings of previous variants and reworks the plot to give it a tragic ending instead, with the younger brother being poisoned by his elder brothers.[7]

There is also Anne de Fernandez, a tale of the medieval Philippines. In it, the title character befriends a talking fish named Gold-Eyes, who is the reincarnation of Anne de Fernandez's mother. Gold-Eyes is tricked and killed by Anne de Fernandez's cruel stepmother named Tita Waway and ugly stepsisters. They eat Gold-Eyes for supper after sending Anne de Fernandez on an errand across the forest, then show Anne Gold-Eyes' bones when she returns. The stepmother wants her natural daughters to marry the kind and handsome Prince of Talamban, who falls in love with Anne de Fernandez instead. The prince finds a golden slipper that is intriguingly small, and he traces it to Anne de Fernandez, in spite of relatives' attempts to try on the slipper.[citation needed]

Another early story of the Cinderella type came from Japan, involving Chūjō-hime, who runs away from her evil stepmother with the help of Buddhist nuns, and she joins their convent.

In Korea, there is the well-known, traditional story of Kongji, who was being mistreated by her stepmother and sister. She goes to a feast prepared by the town's "mayor", and meets his son. The story is followed by similar events as the western Cinderella.

Oliver Herford illustrated the fairy godmother inspired from the Perrault version
This sculpture illustrates the Grimm version of Cinderella with the birds

The earliest European tale is "La Gatta Cenerentola" or "The Hearth Cat" which appears in the book "Il Pentamerone" by the Italian fairy-tale collector Giambattista Basile in 1635. This version formed the basis of later versions published by the French author Charles Perrault and the German Brothers Grimm. (Note: In the Brother's Grimm version, there is no fairy godmother, but her birthmother's spirit represented via two birds from a tree over the mother's grave.)

One of the most popular versions of Cinderella was written by Charles Perrault in 1697. The popularity of his tale was due to his additions to the story including the pumpkin, the fairy-godmother and the introduction of glass slippers. It was widely believed that in Perrault's version, Cinderella wore fur boots ("pantoufle en vair"), and that when the story was translated into English, vair was mistaken for verre (glass), resulting in glass slippers and that the story has remained this way ever since.[8] However, the "fur theory" has since been disproven.[9]

Another well-known version was recorded by the Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the 19th century. The tale is called "Aschenputtel" and the help comes not from a fairy-godmother but the wishing tree that grows on her mother's grave. In this version, the stepsisters try to trick the prince by cutting off parts of their feet in order to get the slipper to fit. The prince is alerted by two pigeons who peck out the stepsisters' eyes, thus sealing their fate as blind beggars for the rest of their lives.

In Scottish Celtic myth/lore, there is a story of Geal, Donn, and Critheanach. The Stepsisters' Celtic equivalents are Geal and Donn, and Cinderella is Critheanach.

Plot (taken from Perrault)

(See above for many variations)

Once there was a widower who for his second wife, married a proud and haughty woman. She had two daughters, who were equally vain. By his first wife, he had a beautiful young daughter who was a girl of unparalleled goodness and sweet temper. The Stepmother and her daughters forced the first daughter to complete all the housework. When the girl had done her work, she sat in the cinders, which caused her to be called "Cinderella". The poor girl bore it patiently, but she dared not tell her father, who would have scolded her; his wife controlled him entirely.

One day the Prince invited all the young ladies in the land to a ball so he could choose a wife. As the two Stepsisters were invited, they gleefully planned their wardrobes. Although Cinderella assisted them and dreamed of going to the dance, they taunted her by saying a maid could never attend a ball.

As the sisters swept away to the ball, Cinderella cried in despair. Her Fairy Godmother magically appeared and vowed to assist Cinderella in attending the ball. She turned a pumpkin into a coach, mice into horses, a rat into a coachman, and lizards into footmen. She then turned Cinderella's rags into a beautiful gown, complete with a delicate pair of glass slippers. The Godmother told her to enjoy the ball, but return before midnight for the spells would be broken.

At the ball, the entire court was entranced by Cinderella, especially the Prince, who never left her side. Unrecognized by her sisters, Cinderella remembered to leave before midnight. Back home, Cinderella graciously thanked her Godmother. She then greeted the Stepsisters who enthusiastically talked of nothing but the beautiful girl at the ball.

When another ball was held the next evening, Cinderella again attended with her Godmother's help. The Prince became even more entranced. However, this evening she lost track of time and left only at the final stroke of midnight, losing one of her glass slippers on the steps of the palace in her haste. The Prince chased her, but outside the palace, the guards had seen only a simple country wench leave. The Prince pocketed the slipper and vowed to find and marry the girl to whom it belonged. Meanwhile, Cinderella kept the other slipper, which had not disappeared when the spell had broken.

The Prince tried the slipper on all the young women in the land. When the Prince arrived at Cinderella's villa, the Stepsisters tried in vain. When Cinderella asked if she might try, the Stepsisters taunted her. Naturally, the slipper fit perfectly, and Cinderella produced the other slipper for good measure. The Stepsisters begged for forgiveness, and Cinderella forgave them for their cruelties.

Cinderella returned to the palace where she married the Prince, and the Stepsisters also married two lords.

Moral: Beauty is a treasure, but graciousness is priceless. Without it nothing is possible; with it, one can do anything.[10]

Cinderella is classified as Aarne-Thompson type 510A, the persecuted heroine. Others of this type include The Sharp Grey Sheep, The Golden Slipper, The Story of Tam and Cam, Rushen Coatie, Fair, Brown and Trembling and Katie Woodencloak.[11]

Adaptations

Massenet's Cendrillon
Prokofiev's Cinderella, choreographed by Frederick Ashton
Pantomime at the Adelphi

The story of "Cinderella" has formed the basis of many notable works:

Opera

Ballet

Pantomime

Cinderella debuted as a pantomime on stage at the Drury Lane Theatre, London in 1904 and at the Adelphi Theatre in London in 1905. Phyllis Dare, aged 14 or 15, starred in the latter.

In the traditional pantomime version the opening scene is set in a forest with a hunt in sway and it is here that Cinderella first meets Prince Charming and his "right-hand man" Dandini, whose name and character come from Gioachino Rossini opera (La Cenerentola). Cinderella mistakes Dandini for the Prince and the Prince for Dandini.

Her father, Baron Hardup, is under the thumb of his two stepdaughters, the Ugly sisters, and has a servant named Buttons, who is Cinderella's friend. Throughout the pantomime, the Baron is continually harassed by the Broker's Men (often named after current politicians) for outstanding rent. The Fairy Godmother must magically create a coach (from a pumpkin), footmen (from mice), a coach driver (from a frog), and a beautiful dress (from rags) for Cinderella to go to the ball. However, she must return by midnight, as it is then that the spell ceases.

Musical Opera

Musical Comedy

Films

Over the decades, hundreds of films have been made that are either direct adaptations from Cinderella or have plots loosely based on the story. Almost every year at least one, but often several such films are produced and released, resulting in Cinderella becoming a work of literature with one of the largest numbers of film adaptations ascribed to it. It is perhaps rivalled only by the sheer number of films that have been adapted from or based on Bram Stoker's novel Dracula.[citation needed]

Television

  • The Electric Company regularly featured Cinderella-based skits starring Cassidy Spring as Cinderella, Rita Moreno as the wicked stepmother, Hattie Winston as the fairy godmother, and two of the girls from The Short Circus as the stepsisters.
  • Sesame Street had three News Flash segments about Cinderella; one at the ball with the glass slipper, one featuring the stepsisters trying to fit the glass slipper, and the third in which the fairy godmother tries to make a dress for Cinderella but the dress ends up on Kermit instead.
  • Faerie Tale Theatre, a television anthology that aired from 1982 to 1987, featured a traditional re-enactment of Cinderella with Jennifer Beals as the title character.
  • Floricienta in Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico, as well as Floribella in Portugal, Brazil, and Chile, are telenovels based on the Cinderella story.
  • Lola...Érase una vez in Mexico, is a soap opera for teenagers based on Cinderella and Floricienta.
  • Sinetron Cinderella is a Korean drama based on the story.
  • Scroogerello, an episode of DuckTales
  • Cinderella Monogatari (シンデレラ物語, Shinderera Monogatari), a 26 episode TV anime made by Tatsunoko Production in 1996
  • Nippon Animation's 1987-1989 TV series Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics, which included Cinderella. The plot was loosely based on the Grimm version, although sanitized most of the gorey parts.
  • Garfield and Friends featured the story in a U.S. Acres segment titled "Bedtime Story Blues". Orson tries to read the story to Booker and Sheldon, but they continually request various unneeded changes to the story, much to Orson's frustration, such as the characters' genders being switched around, Cinderella (played by Orson) working at a pet shop, the now-male stepsisters (Orson's brothers) being ninjas, and the fairy godmother being replaced by "the richest guy in the world" (Wade).
  • For a special pantomime episode of Coronation Street, Frankie Baldwin played Cinderella, Danny Baldwin was the prince, the evil stepfather was Jack Duckworth, the stepsisters were Roy Cropper and Norris Cole, and the fairy godmother was Bev Unwin with Fred Elliot as the godfather.
  • The 1980s sitcom The Charmings features an episode where Cinderella visits the Charmings and tries to steal Snow White's prince.
  • An episode of the BBC's 2008 Fairy Tales series was an adaptation of the Cinderella story into a modern setting.
  • Tsunderella, an OVA of Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru.
  • Jim Henson's The Storyteller also has a story Sapsorrow which has elements of Cinderella** (see mentions below)
  • In an episode of Sabrina, The Teenage Witch Sabrina has to go to witch camp. While at the dance with Harvey she had to leave and her boot came off and towards the end of the episode Harvey comes to her house and puts it on her foot like in Cinderella. In another Sabrina episode, "You Slay Me," "Cinderella" actually appears after Sabrina attends a bridal fair and wants a princess wedding. Sabrina contacts Cinderella for help.
  • In an episode of Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide Cookie has an alter ego as a girl and Loomer falls in love and Cookie as his alter ego runs. Cookie's shoe comes off and Loomer has it and Loomer misses Cookie's alter ego and then Cookie takes the shoe back saying it's her mom's.when she was younger her favorite movie was troll 2

Books

Comics

Cinderella appears as a character in Bill Willingham's Vertigo series, Fables. Cinderella (or "Cindy," as her fellow Fables call her) is the third and final of Prince Charming's ex-wives and is Fabletown's resident super spy. Her cover is the ownership of her own shoe store, the Glass Slipper, and she maintains a bitter persona in order to throw off the suspicions of the rest of her community.

Cinderella Jumprope Song

There is a jumprope song for children that involves Cinderella:

Cinderella dressed in yellow, went upstairs to kiss her fellow,

made a mistake she kissed a snake, how many doctors will it take? 1, 2, 3, etc.
Cinderella dressed in blue, went upstairs to tie her shoe, made a mistake and tied a knot, how many knots will she make? 1, 2, 3, etc.
Cinderella dressed in green, went downtown to buy a ring, made a mistake and bought a fake, how many days before it breaks? 1, 2, 3, etc.
Cinderella dressed in lace, went upstairs to fix her face, oh no oh no, she found a blemish, how many powder puffs till she's finished? 1, 2, 3, etc.
Cinderella dressed in silk, went outside to get some milk, made a mistake and fell in the lake, how many more till she gets a break? 1, 2, 3, etc.
Cinderella dressed in purple, went upstairs to kiss Steve Urkel made a mistake and kissed a stake, how many doctors will it take? 1, 2, 3, etc.
Cinderella dressed in black went to McDonalds to get a big mac how

many big macs did she get? 1, 2, 3, etc.

The counting continues as long as the jumper avoids missing a jump. If they do then the counting starts again.

Variations:

Cinderella dressed in yellow, went downtown to meet her fellow (or "to buy some mustard").

On the way, her girdle busted. Cinderella was disgusted.

(Heard in Jackson Heights, Queens, late 1950s)

Cinderella dressed in yellow, went upstairs to kiss her fellow. how many kisses did she give him?
(Heard in Northern Ireland)

Cinderella dressed in yella, went downstairs to kiss a fella. Made a mistake and kissed a snake, how many stitches did it take?"

Songs

Some popular songs that make reference to the story of Cinderella include:

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Jack Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: HELP!, p 444, ISBN 0-393-97636-X
  2. ^ Although both the story's title and the character's name change in different languages, in English-language folklore "Cinderella" is the archetypal name.
  3. ^ "The Egyptian Cinderella"
  4. ^ "Cinderella", The Every-day Book and Table Book; or, Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastimes, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs, and Events, Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Days, in Past and Present Times; Forming a Complete History of the Year, Months, and Seasons, and a Perpetual Key to the Almanac, Including Accounts of the Weather, Rules for Health and Conduct, Remarkable and Important Anecdotes, Facts, and Notices, in Chronology, Antiquities, Topography, Biography, Natural History, Art, Science, and General Literature; Derived from the Most Authentic Sources, and Valuable Original Communication, with Poetical Elucidations, for Daily Use and Diversion. Vol III., ed. William Hone, (London: 1838) pp 719-20. Retrieved on 2008-06-05
  5. ^ Aelian, "Various History", 13.33
  6. ^ Herodot, "The "Histories", 2.134-135
  7. ^ Ulrich Marzolph, Richard van Leeuwen, Hassan Wassouf (2004), The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, p. 4, ISBN 1576072045
  8. ^ Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, 27 vols. (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, Inc., 1975) Vol. 6, p. 133-134 -- This encyclopedia set features this error.
  9. ^ The boots were indeed glass in the original; see http://www.snopes.com/language/misxlate/slippers.asp
  10. ^ Perrault: Cinderella; or, The Little Glass Slipper
  11. ^ Heidi Anne Heiner, "Tales Similar to Cinderella"
  12. ^ Perlman, Janet (1981). "The Tender Tale of Cinderella Penguin". NFB.ca. National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  13. ^ lyrics
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cinderella.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cinderella&oldid=278259460"