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Economy of Hamilton, Ontario

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Skyline view from Arkeldun Avenue, mountain access road

This article is about the Economy of Hamilton, Ontario.

Economic summit

The Hamilton Chamber of Commerce is the host organization for the Hamilton Economic Summit — the city’s premier leadership initiative.

The purpose of this award-winning summit is to help drive Hamilton forward as one of Canada’s top midsize cities measured by our ability to attract talent and investment. The summit works toward this long-term goal by hosting an annual gathering of community leaders and implementing select projects throughout the year.

The Hamilton Economic Summit is anchored on the twin principles of collaborative leadership and community engagement and respects the interdependencies among people, planet and profit. It is guided by a subcommittee of the Hamilton Chamber and supported by more than 20 public and private sector sponsors, including the City of Hamilton Planning and Economic Development Department.

The inaugural summit was held in 2008 to address the need for a neutral forum to encourage the sharing of information, ideas and solutions among community leaders representing all sectors of Hamilton’s economy. It was inspired by the annual Ontario Economic Summit hosted by the Ontario Chamber of Commerce and has come to be regarded as a key catalyst for revitalizing our local economy.

The second annual Hamilton Economic Summit was held in May 2009 and provided a unique opportunity for more than 150 community leaders to weigh in on two important documents germane to the future of Hamilton: A draft of the City of Hamilton’s revised economic development strategy (municipal perspective) and a draft of an operational framework created by the Jobs Prosperity Collaborative (community perspective).

Feedback from summit delegates was organized within a proceedings document now being used to inform myriad programs, policies and services that promote economic development and redevelopment in our community. The 2009 summit also featured the premiere of City of Change, a complementary event sponsored by Siemens and intended to increase the engagement of Hamilton youth in economic development leadership and practice.

The third summit, held in May 2010, showcased business opportunities arising from three major community building projects: The 2015 Pan Am Games, downtown redevelopment and new transportation infrastructure. Taken together, these projects are poised to attract significant investments that will stimulate tangible economic activity in our community. The 2010 summit also included a session that enabled young professionals and entrepreneurs to co-create a next generation strategy for Hamilton.

Through 2011 and beyond, the summit will focus on three major efforts (1) optimize an annual forum for local, regional and national leaders to advance Hamilton's economy; (2) implement actions to make Hamilton a community of choice for next generation professionals and entrepreneurs; and, (3) realize business opportunities associated with the renewal of Hamilton's built and natural environments.

Biggest employers

Main article: List of Hamilton, Ontario Head Offices
Hamilton's new work scene.[1]
Sector 1996 2006 %change
Manufacturing 64,750 57,630
-11%
Health care & social assistance 30,630 40,080
31%
Educational services 19,550 30,830
57%
Construction 15,680 28,080
78%
Finance, insurance, real estate 22,150 26,380
19%
Professional, scientific and technical 13,400 23,930
79%

Biotechnology cluster

Business, education and government in the Hamilton, Halton and Niagara regions have joined forces to energize existing biosciences strengths and help turn breakthroughs into business success. A regional initiative, the Golden Horseshoe is being transformed into a knowledge-based, economic powerhouse of research, growth and investment.[2]

Construction and real estate

The David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute is a $90-million Research Centre that will be home to 500+ scientists and will be built right behind the Hamilton General Hospital

Hamilton's construction sector performed well in 2006, with output growing by an estimated 8.8 per cent this year, led by spending on the Red Hill Creek Expressway project.[3]

Average house prices in Hamilton were up almost 6 per cent in January 2007 compared to January 2006. The Realtors Association of Hamilton-Burlington says that 'Consumers are continuing to show confidence in resale housing' and reports that 823 properties were sold in January 2007, a 1 per cent decrease from the same period last year. The number of properties listed rose by almost 6 per cent to 1,723. During January 2007, 786 homes were sold, including 650 houses and 136 condominium properties. The average price of non-condominium properties was $268,729 while the average price of a condo was $193,735.[4]

The city of Hamilton is ranked in its top 10 Ontario places (#5) to invest in real estate.[5] Hamilton's economic diversification which is shifting away from the dirty steel town impression, new immigration to Canada from other parts of the country settling here, low mortgage rates, migration of housing refugees from Toronto, improved GO Transit service, completion of the Red Hill Valley Parkway and booming development at Hamilton airport in Glanbrook are all reasons for the new bloom on Hamilton's real estate market.[5] The report also goes on to add that "Hamilton has lots of properties that are undervalued."[6] All of this, however, was calculated before the 2008 economic recession.

Hamilton's Real Estate Hot Zones:[6]

  • East End: Anywhere within 500 metres of a ramp from the Red Hill Valley Parkway is expected to open up economic potential in the area, especially the east mountain because of the "easier commute."
  • Ainslie Wood and Westdale: Anywhere near McMaster University where investors continue to buy property as student housing.
  • West End: Anywhere within 15-minutes of McMaster Innovation Park (being developed on Longwood Road)
  • Downtown: Central city, north of Main Street. A lot of activity by landlords picking up two-family and three-family homes as income properties.
Overall ($) Value of Construction Trends in City of Hamilton.[2][7][8]
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Residential 287,621,422 352,759,590 262,214,137 380,297,684 375,133,564 407,331,942 395,335,459
Commercial 71,141,096 107,703,082 58,914,038 75,335,634 79,082,418 108,702,496 126,391,840
Industrial 55,240,986 50,435,054 87,276,714 60,982,261 72,466,405 72,266,757 63,337,586
Institutional 97,338,063 150,485,309 252,615,083 74,466,736 106,656,106 85,829,122 210,207,720
Miscellaneous 3,979,497 2,951,608 3,374,797 4,084,400 7,541,108 8,417,498 6,446,743
TOTALS 515,321,064 664,334,643 664,394,769 595,166,715 640,879,601 682,547,815 801,719,318

Economy

The census divisions of the original Golden Horseshoe marked red with recent additions in green.

The most important economic activity in Ontario is manufacturing, and the Toronto-Hamilton region is the most highly industrialized section of the country. The area from Oshawa, Ontario around the west end of Lake Ontario to Niagara Falls is known as the “Golden Horseshoe” and the centre of it is Hamilton.[9] Under the 2001 Statistics Canada definition, the population was 6,704,598 in the 2001 census.[10] In 2006 the population was approximately 8.1 million people.[11] Major industrial products include motor vehicles and parts; iron, steel, and other metal products; foods and beverages; electrical goods; machinery; chemicals; petroleum and coal products; and paper products.

"Golden Horseshoe" The phrase was first used by Westinghouse President, Herbert H. Rogge, in a speech to the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce, on January 12, 1954. “Hamilton in 50 years will be the forward cleat in a “golden horseshoe” of industrial development from Oshawa to the Niagara River”...150 miles long and 50 miles (80 km) wide”...”It will run from Niagara Falls on the south to about Oshawa on the north and take in numerous cities and towns already there, including Hamilton and Toronto."[12]

Steel industry

As the largest steel manufacturing city in Canada and home of the two Steel giants; Stelco and Dofasco where 60% of all the steel in Canada is produced. It is the steel and metals manufacturing Capital of Canada.[13] In the last decade, Hamilton's heavy industry reached a stable level, Stelco has returned to profitability[14] and on August 26, 2007 United States Steel Corporation acquired Stelco for $38.50 (Canadian) in cash per share, owning more than 76 percent of Stelco's outstanding shares.[15] Dofasco in 1999 was the most profitable steel producer in North America and in 2000 it was the most profitable in Canada. It currently has approximately 7,300 employees at its Hamilton plant and produces over four million tons of steel annually, representing about 30% of Canada's flat rolled sheet steel shipments. Dofasco in addition to being one of North America's most profitable steel companies, Dofasco has been named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index seven years in a row. Dofasco’s wide range of steel products is sold to customers in the automotive, construction, energy, manufacturing, pipe and tube, appliance, packaging and steel distribution industries.[16] Dofasco is currently a stand alone subsidiary of Arcelor Mittal, the world's largest steel producer. Previously ordered by the U.S. Department of Justice to divest itself of the Canadian company, Arcelor Mittal has now been allowed to retain Dofasco provided it sells several of its American assets instead.[17]

National Steel Car Ltd., North America's leader [dubious – discuss] in freight and passenger train cars and equipment is based in Hamilton. They have been building reliable rail transportation products since 1912.[18] National Steel Car recently won (January 2007) a contract for 1,200 custom-made railcars for TransLoad America, a New Jersey based waste transport firm.[19]

Panoramic view of Hamilton Steel mills.

Science and education

McMaster University Medical Centre
St.Joseph's Hospital, James Street South

Hamilton Health Sciences is the largest employer in Hamilton with nearly 11,000 employees and serves approximately 2.2 million people in central south and central west Ontario. Hamilton Health Sciences is a family of seven unique hospitals and a cancer centre. They include Chedoke Hospital, Hamilton General Hospital, Juravinski Hospital, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University Medical Centre, and the Juravinski Cancer Centre. Hamilton Health Sciences is affiliated with McMaster University's Faculty of Health Sciences. It is one of the most comprehensive health care systems in Canada.[20]

McMaster University was established in Hamilton in 1930. It is locally the sixth largest employer with approximately 3,500 full-time equivalent academic and support staff. It also has six partner hospitals in the city. Total student population well over 27,000. Almost two-thirds of the students come from outside the immediate Hamilton region. McMaster's total impact on provincial GDP ($670 million in operating expenditures impacts plus $94 million in student/visitor expenditure impacts plus an estimated $525 million in technology and knowledge transfer impacts) is $1.289 billion. Capital project impacts and informal/unmeasurable knowledge transfer impacts are not included in this total, and would be in addition to the $1.289 billion estimate.[21] A massive McMaster University research campus, McMaster Innovation Park, is being developed on the former Camco lands near Westdale.[22] A recent $105 million CAD donation was given to McMaster's medical program from billionaire Michael G. DeGroote. It is the largest single cash gift in Canadian history[23] and will be used to upgrade the current medical school, called the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine. He is also a benefactor to McMaster's business school the DeGroote School of Business.

The David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute is a $90-million Research Centre that will be home to 500+ scientists and will be built right behind the Hamilton General Hospital. The new building with 165,000 square feet (15,300 m2) is expected to open in 2010. At least 250 new jobs will be added to the local economy.[24] David Braley contributed $10-million towards the project. Braley's donation marks an important transition in Hamilton's economy, as he takes money he made in the industrial economy and uses it to help the community develop a more diverse economic base. David Braley is the president of auto-parts manufacturer Orlick Industries Ltd., former owner of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and current owner of the B.C. Lions.[25] On August 19, 2008, Hamilton Health Sciences welcomed Prime Minister Stephen Harper to Hamilton General Hospital for the announcement of a $35 million grant from the Canada Foundation for Innovation. The money will support the construction of the David Braley Cardiac, Vascular & Stroke Research Institute which, when it is complete in 2009, will house two prestigious research teams—the Population Health Research Institute and the Henderson Research Centre.[26]

Food and beverage industries

Oakrun Farm Bakery opened in 1978 in Ancaster by John & Ellie Voortman. The bakery has now grown to over 165,000 square feet (15,300 m2) in size and now produces over 20 different lines and variations of other high quality products. They are a premier supplier of fresh & frozen bakery products, and are currently aggressively targeting both the U.S.A. and Canadian market. They currently produce muffins, pancakes and McGriddles for Canadian and American McDonald's outlets and bagels, cookies and tarts for Tim Hortons outlets in Canada.[citation needed] Their product line also includes Danish pastries, cinnamon buns, pies, cakes, crumpets and waffles. The company in January 2007 went through massive expansion to their plant and warehousing facilities in Ancaster.[27]

Bunge is an oilseed processing plant and Canada’s largest canola processor. It has crushing facilities in Altona and Harrowby, Manitoba; Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta; and Nipawin, Saskatchewan in addition to the processing plant in Hamilton. The Hamilton plant serves food manufacturers, the biodiesel industry and farmers in Ontario & Quebec.[28][29] The first Tim Hortons franchise opened in Hamilton in 1964.

Hamilton Port Authority

Hamilton Port Authority

The Hamilton Port Authority, formerly known as Hamilton Harbour Commission, handles over 12 million metric tonnes of cargo through over 700 vessels each year. This ranks Hamilton as the busiest of all the ports of Canada's great lakes and 28% of all movements on the St. Lawrence Seaway System.[30] In 2006 Total ships in and out of the harbour was 739; Domestic/U.S.: 577 (78%), International: 162 (22%) from countries including Malaysia, Philippines, Russia and Brazil. Percentage of Imports: 87%, Percentage of Exports: 13%. International arrivals at the port grew from 130 ships in 2005 to 162 ships in 2006. In 2006 most of the materials arriving at the port include raw materials including iron ore and coal for steelmaking at Stelco and Dofasco, as well as imported steel from Brazil. The port also accepted 24,000 litres (5,280 Imp gallons) of bulk Jamaican rum. The oddest new arrival was windmill blades (some more than 80 feet (24 m) long) destined for wind farms in southern Ontario. This is the first year windmill parts have arrived in the port. Exports include 500,000 metric tonnes (550,000 short tons) of agricultural products including grain.[31]

Hamilton Port Authority (Total Tonnage).[32]
2003 2004 2005 2006
OVERSEAS
Import 1,195,105 1,119,240 1,307,301 1,329,444
Export 88,860 130,208 275,074 144,956
Total 1,283,965 1,249,448 1,582,375 1,474,400
DOMESTIC & U.S.
Imports 8,860,728 9,699,948 9,606,420 9,533,026
Export 880,053 1,058,436 1,170,716 1,585,304
Total 9,740,781 10,758,384 10,777,136 11,138,330
TOTAL TONNES 11,024,746 12,007,832 12,359,511 12,612,730

Hamilton Airport

John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport is the busiest air cargo hub in the country and as well the fastest growing airport in Canada.[33] Originally, in the 1940s the airport was used as a wartime air force training station. Today TradePort International Corporation manages and operates the John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport. Under TradePort management, passenger traffic at the Hamilton terminal has increased from 90,000 in 1996 to approx. 900,000 in 2002, and has grown dramatically since then. The airport's mid-term target for growth in its passenger service is five million air-travelers annually. Air cargo has increased by 50% since 1996; 91,000 metric tonnes (100,000 tons) of cargo passed through the airport in 2002. Hamilton's air cargo success is due to its 24-7 operational capability and strategic geographic location. Courier companies with operations at the airport include United Parcel Service and Cargojet Canada.[34] In 2003, the city began developing a 30-year growth management strategy which called, in part, for a massive aerotropolis industrial park centred around Hamilton Airport. The aerotropolis proposal, now known as the Airport Employment Growth District, is touted as a solution to the city's shortage of employment lands.[35] Hamilton turned over operation of the airport to TradePort International Corp. in 1996. In 2007 YVR Airport Services (YVRAS), which runs the Vancouver International Airport, took over 100 per cent ownership of TradePort in a $13-million deal. In 2008 Citigroup Inc., one of the world's largest financial institutions, invested in 50 per cent of YVRAS, the owner of TradePort, which runs Hamilton airport.[36] The airport is also home to the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum.

Currently the Airport needs 1,000 hectares of new employment land to handle its growth for the next 25 years; farmland around the airport is the best option available. A report by Hemson Consulting[37] says the city will need greenfields the size of the Royal Botanical Gardens on which to locate businesses that will generate an estimated 59,000 jobs by 2031. Aerotropolis, a proposed 1,050-hectare industrial park at Highway 6 and 403, has been a hotly debated issue at City Hall for years. Opponents feel the city needs to do more investigation about the cost to taxpayers before embarking on the project.[38] If Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) decides not to build the proposed Pickering Airport Hamilton would have a jump in passenger traffic and possibly new airlines it would be the airport to relieve strain off of Toronto Pearson which Pickering was intended for.

Waste management

On May-09-2007, Hamilton made a bid to take on Halton's trash, which includes recycling and organic material. Hamilton was the only municipality bidding for the trash. Other bids came in from the private sector. Hamilton hopes to land the contract and would be "optimizing" the use of its facilities that would bring some financial benefits to the city. Hamilton's compost facility currently handles 40,000-tons of waste per year but is capable of 80,000 to 90,000 tons.[39]

Economic highlights

Dofasco, view from Burlington Street
Main Street, looking East
Lloyd D. Jackson Square (Mall), Commerce Place Complex

The Government of Canada published a "Labour Market Bulletin" for the Hamilton Area in 2006. The report states that Hamilton has a shortage of hotel facilities, truck drivers and finance professionals, all of which are in high demand. As well, 55% of the manufacturing workforce is expected to retire in the next 15-years and the Ontario government has injected millions of dollars into Hamilton's education sector. The steel industry also saw some highlights; Stelco emerged from bankruptcy protection and Dofasco has been taken over by Arcelor.

According to Canadian Business magazine, September, 2008 edition, Hamilton ranks as the third best location in English Canada for doing business. The survey conducted by the magazine ranks cities based on the variable operating costs of doing business, cost of living, non-residential building permits, unemployment rate changes and crime rates. Hamilton was ranked seventh overall in the survey of forty cities across Canada. Only Kitchener, Ontario and Moncton, New Brunswick ranked higher in English Canada. Some of the pluses given to Hamilton include its Great Lakes port, its International Airport, the Queen Elizabeth Way from Toronto to the U.S. border, McMaster University has Canada's highest ratio of research funding to operating budget and that Hamilton is emerging as a biotech hub.[40]

In 2006, General Electric, Vicwest Steel and Swiss-owned SFS Intec all chose to relocate to Hamilton from neighbouring G.T.A. (Greater Toronto Area). In addition, existing companies like Taylor Steel, G.T. French, Superior Boilerworks and Connon Nurseries all made major investments in their Hamilton operations.[41]

Hamilton's Coppley Apparel Group is doing something rare in the Canadian clothing industry - adding jobs. The company plans to expand its employment by almost 200 jobs - about 30 per cent - starting with 50 additional jobs this year in 2007. Coppley's growth burst will bring its workforce to about 750 people, the majority of them in Hamilton. The new jobs follow exploding sales growth as the company uses computer-aided custom tailoring of suits that give struggling retailers a much-needed cash-flow boost. Coppley, which has been a fixture in downtown Hamilton for more than 150 years, pioneered a method of using a computer, a grid and a digital camera to do the work of a master tailor, producing made-to-measure suits in as few as seven days - work that used to take six weeks.[42]

McMaster Innovation Park, a massive McMaster University research campus, is being developed on the former Camco lands near Westdale.[22] This will be an "idea factory" employing scientists and technicians. CANMET will employ 100 research scientists and support workers, including some of the top minds in Canada and will be the anchor tenant of the facility. They will be working closely with McMaster researchers and private industry to develop technologies for metal and materials manufacturing, processing and evaluation. Expected to be up-and-running by 2010. Other tenants already announced for the park include a corrosion research centre sponsored by General Motors and a diesel engine research lab sponsored by Ford.[43]

On September 27, 2007, Centre Mall owners announce plans for a 23-building super centre on the property on Barton Street East. Cost is estimated to be around $100-million and will take up 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) of retail space. This will end up being the largest redevelopment project in the history of Hamilton's east-end. The buildings on the property will be grouped around the edge of the property and create a friendly, pedestrian-oriented design rather than a commercial island in a sea of parking.[44] One week later, on October 4, 2007, it is announced that the Mountain Plaza Mall at Fennell Avenue and Upper James Street is to be rebuilt in a $50-million project. Announcement made by Flavio Volpe, spokesperson for Smart Centres Ltd., Vaughan, Ontario-based company that bought the Mall on November 2006.[45]

A four-lane parkway called Red Hill Valley Parkway (or popularly, the Red Hill Creek Expressway), a municipal expressway running through the city to connect the Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway to the Queen Elizabeth Way near Hamilton Harbour, was completed in 2007. The parkway was originally scheduled to be opened to vehicular traffic on November 16 but the date was pushed back a day and officially opened November 17. 2007.[46]

Shopping malls

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b Invest in Hamilton, Economic Development Review 2005, Hamilton Spectator insert; Wednesday, 28 June 2006. Page H8
  3. ^ "Red Hill Valley Expressway Project". Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  4. ^ "HOUSING: Local resale prices up 6 per cent". The Hamilton Spectator. 2007-02-06. pp. A-12. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  5. ^ a b A report published by the Vancouver-based Real Estate Investment Network[not specific enough to verify]
  6. ^ a b "BUSINESS: Hamilton real estate blooms". The Hamilton Spectator. 2007-04-12. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  7. ^ Invest in Hamilton, Economic Development Review 2006, Hamilton Spectator Insert; Tuesday, May 23, 2007, Page IH5
  8. ^ Invest in Hamilton, Economic Development Review 2007 (May, 2008) - Page 5
  9. ^ "Golden Horseshoe Travel and Tourism Web Sites". Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  10. ^ "Population and Dwelling Counts, Census Subdivisions (Municipalities) Included in the Extended Golden Horseshoe, 2001 and 1996 Censuses". Hamilton Real Estate Agents. 2003. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  11. ^ "Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006: Subprovincial population dynamics, Greater Golden Horseshoe". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  12. ^ "Fast Facts from Hamilton's Past". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  13. ^ Schneider, Joe. "Hamlton Steel capital of Canada". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  14. ^ Wines, Leslie. "Stelco has returned to profitability". CBS Market Watch. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  15. ^ "U. S. Steel Agrees to Acquire Stelco". Stelco.com. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  16. ^ Forstner, Gordon. "Dofasco one of North America's most profitable steel companies". Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  17. ^ Hamilton Spectator News Wire (2006-12-14). "Dofasco deadline looms". Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
  18. ^ "Hamilton is also the home of National Steel Car Ltd". Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  19. ^ "National Steel Car wins contract for 1,200 railcars". Hamilton Spectator. 2007-01-05. pp. A14. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  20. ^ "Hamilton Health Sciences". Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  21. ^ "McMaster's Economic Impact on the Hamilton Community". McMaster University. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  22. ^ a b "McMaster Innovation Park information". McMaster University. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  23. ^ "Degroote-Largest Cash Gift in Canadian University History". McMaster University. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ "Good Medicine: A $90-million health research centre set to rise on the edge of Hamilton's industrial heartland points the way to life after steel". Hamilton Spectator. 2007-05-09. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  25. ^ Hemsworth, Wade (2007-05-09). "'Our city's going to be strong.'". The Hamilton Spectator. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  26. ^ "PM Visits Site of New Hamilton Health Sciences Facility". Government of Canada. Retrieved 2008-08-20. [dead link‍]
  27. ^ "Oakrun Farm Bakery- Official site". Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  28. ^ "(www.ontariocanolagrowers.ca) Bunge Hamilton, Ontario Plant to Process Canola. (December 2007)" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  29. ^ "Bunge Hamilton Canada: Official Site (www.bungecanadahamilton.com". Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  30. ^ "Hamilton Port Authority: About / History of the Port". Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  31. ^ Powell, Naomi (2006-12-29). "Shipping News". Hamilton Spectator. pp. A18. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  32. ^ Invest in Hamilton, Economic Development Review 2006, Hamilton Spectator Insert; Tuesday, May 23, 2007, Page IH8
  33. ^ ""John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport Highlights." Page H14". Invest in Hamilton, Economic Development Review 2005. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  34. ^ "About the Airport". John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport. Retrieved 2010-10-22.
  35. ^ McNulty, Gord (2007-12-18). "Energy City". The Hamilton Spectator. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  36. ^ "Citi investment would open up options for Hamilton airport" (Press release). The Hamilton Spectator. March 28, 2008. {{cite press release}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  37. ^ "Hemson Consulting Ltd". Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  38. ^ McacIntyre, Nicole (2007-01-30). "Airport land 'key to future'". The Hamilton Spectator. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  39. ^ "Hamilton's going after Halton's trash". Hamilton Spectator. 2007-05-09. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  40. ^ Canadian Business Magazine: The Top 40 Places to do Business in Canada; September, 2008, Page 63
  41. ^ Invest in Hamilton, Economic Development Review 2006, Hamilton Spectator Insert; Tuesday, May 23, 2007, Page IH3
  42. ^ "Coppley Apparel Group will expand by almost 200 jobs". Hamilton Spectator, Steve Arnold. 2007-06-04. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  43. ^ "Innovation Park out to attract Ottawa scientists". Hamilton Spectator. 2007-06-07. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  44. ^ "Centre Mall owners plan 23-building super centre" (Press release). The Hamilton Spectator. 2007-09-27. {{cite press release}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  45. ^ "Mountain Plaza Mall slated for $50-million transformation" (Press release). The Hamilton Spectator; Steve Arnold. 2007-10-04. {{cite press release}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  46. ^ "Red Hill Valley Project". (www.myhamilton.ca). Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  47. ^ Marr, Lisa Grace (5 April 2013). "Redmodelling the new Centre on Barton". The Hamilton Spectator.
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