List of ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar
Appearance
(Redirected from Ethnic Armed Organisations)
This article needs to be updated.(November 2023) |
The following is a list of non-state armed groups involved in the internal conflict in Myanmar, officially called ethnic armed organisations (EAOs) by the government of Myanmar.[1]
Terminology
[edit]The term "ethnic armed organisation" (Burmese: တိုင်းရင်းသား လက်နက်ကိုင် အဖွဲ့အစည်း) emerged in Myanmar during the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement negotiations from 2013 to 2015.[2] Various other terms, including "ethnic organisation", "ethnic resistance force", and "ethnic rebel group" have also been used to describe ethnic armed organisations.
These organisations typically:
- claim to represent an ethnic identity[2]
- aim to garner mutual recognition from other ethnic armed organisations through alliances and coalitions[2]
- have an armed wing, and often a separate political wing[2]
Active
[edit]Name | Abbreviation | Founded | Strength | Headquarters | Location | Affiliations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arakan Army | AA | 2009 | 15000+(claimed in May 2024)[3]
|
Laiza |
|
||
Arakan Army (Kayin State) | AA (Kayin) | 2010 | 350 (2024)[6] | Mobile headquarters | Kayin State |
|
|
All Burma Students' Democratic Front | ABSDF | 1988 | 600 (2016)[7] | Manerplaw (until 1995)[8] | Joined the CRPH / NUG after the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état[9] | ||
Arakan Liberation Army | ALA | 1968 | 100 (2024)[10] | Sittwe | Armed wing of the Arakan Liberation Party |
| |
Arakan Rohingya Army | ARA | 2020 | Unknown | Mobile headquarters | |||
Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army | ARSA | 2013 | ~200 (2018)[12][13] | Mobile headquarters |
| ||
Bamar People's Liberation Army | BPLA | 2021 | 1,000+[15] | Mobile headquarters | Eastern Myanmar | Co-founded by activist Maung Saungkha | |
Chin National Army | CNA | 1988 | 1,500+ (2024)[16] | Camp Victoria[17] | Chin State |
|
Joined the CRPH / NUG after the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état[19] |
Chin National Defence Force | CNDF | 2021 | Unknown | Falam | Chin State | Armed wing of the Chin National Organisation[20] | |
Chinland Defense Force | CDF | 2021 | Unknown | Mobile headquarters | |||
Democratic Karen Buddhist Army – Brigade 5 | DKBA-5 | 2010 | 2,000+ (2024)[10][21][22] | Sonesee Myaing | Armed wing of the Klohtoobaw Karen Organization[10] |
| |
Kachin Defense Army | KDA | 1991 | 2,850 (2020)[23] | Kawnghka | Shan State |
| |
Kachin Independence Army | KIA | 1961 | 20,000 (2018)[25] | Kachin State, northern Shan State |
|
Holds and governs territory in Kachin State[26] | |
Kamtapur Liberation Organisation | KLO | 1995 | Unknown | Taga, Sagaing (until 2019)[27] | Part of the UNLFW | Based in India and operates in Assam and West Bengal | |
Karen National Army | KNA | 2024 | 7,000+[28] | Shwe Kokko[29] | Kayin State |
| |
Karen National Defence Organisation | KNDO | 1947 | Unknown | Affiliate of the Karen National Union | |||
Karen National Liberation Army | KNLA | 1949 | 15,000 (2021)[32] |
|
Broke its commitment to the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement in response to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état | ||
Karenni Army | KA | 1949 | 1,500 (2012)[33] | Nya Moe[34] | Kayah State |
|
|
Karenni National People's Liberation Front | KNPLF | 1978 | 2,000[35] | Pankan | Kayah State |
| |
Karenni Nationalities Defence Force | KNDF | 2021 | 7,000+[36] | Mobile headquarters | |||
Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup | KYKL | 1994 | Unknown | Mobile Headquarters | Sagaing Region | Part of CorCom | |
Kangleipak Communist Party | KCP | 1980 | ~112 (2012)[39] | Mobile Headquarters | Sagaing Region | Part of CorCom | |
Kayan New Land Army | KNLP/A | 1964 | 200–300 | Pekon |
|
Armed wing of the Kayan New Land Party |
|
Kawthoolei Army | KTLA | 2022 | Unknown | Kayin State | Broke away from the Karen National Union July 2022[40] | ||
KNU/KNLA Peace Council | KPC | 2007 | 500+ (2024)[10][41] | To-kawko | Kayin State | Not affiliated with the KNU or KNLA, despite its name | |
Kuki National Army | KNA(B) | 1988 | 200+ (2016)[42] | Mobile headquarters | Armed wing of the Kuki National Organisation | Based in India and operates in Manipur | |
Kuki-Chin National Army | KCNA | 2017 | Unknown | Mobile headquarters | Armed wing of the Kuki-Chin National Front |
| |
Lahu Democratic Union | LDU | 1973[44] | 1,500 (2024)[10] | Loi Lan[10] | Shan State |
| |
Mon National Liberation Army | MNLA | 1958 | 1,000+ (2024)[10][48] | Ye Chaung Phya | Armed wing of the New Mon State Party | Signed the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement in 2018, along with the Lahu Democratic Union[45][46][47] | |
Mon National Liberation Army (Anti-Military Dictatorship) | MNLA-AMD | 2024 | 300[10] | Unknown | Mon State | Armed wing of the New Mon State Party (Anti-Military Dictatorship) |
|
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army | MNDAA | 1989 | 6,000[49] | Mobile headquarters | Shan State (Kokang) |
|
|
Burma National Revolutionary Army | MRDA | 2022 | 1,000+[50] | Pale | Sagaing Region | Formerly known as the Myanmar Royal Dragon Army | |
National Democratic Alliance Army | NDAA | 1989 | 3,000[51]–4,000[21] (2016) | Mong La | Shan State | Split from the Communist Party of Burma after its dissolution | |
National Liberation Army | NLA | 2023 | Unknown | Tamu Township | Sagaing Region (Tamu Township) | Formerly the PDF Tamu Battalion 3 | |
National Socialist Council of Nagaland |
|
1980 | <500 (2016)[52] |
|
Part of the UNLFW |
| |
New Democratic Army – Kachin |
|
1989 | 700 (peak)[55] | Pangwa | Kachin State | Signed a ceasefire agreement with the government in 1989 and transformed into a Border Guard Forces in 2009 | |
Pa-O National Army | PNA | 1949 | 4,000 (2023)[56] | Taunggyi | Shan State | Armed wing of the Pa-O National Organisation |
|
Pa-O National Liberation Army | PNLA | 2009 | 1,000+ (2024)[10][21][57] | Camp Laybwer | Armed wing of the Pa-O National Liberation Organisation | Split into a pro-peace talk and anti-junta faction in January 2024[10] | |
People's Defence Force | 2021 | 100,000 (2024 est.)[58] | Armed wing of the National Unity Government (NUG) |
| |||
People's Defence Force (Kalay) | PDF (Kalay) | 2021 | Unknown | Kalay | Sagaing Region | Part of the People's Defence Force | |
People's Liberation Army | PLA | 2021 | Unknown | Armed wing of the Communist Party of Burma | The Communist Party of Burma rearmed itself and announced the creation of its new armed wing, the People's Liberation Army, in late 2021.[59][60] | ||
People's Liberation Army of Manipur | PLAM | 1978 | 3,800 (2008) | Manipur | Part of CorCom | ||
People's Revolution Alliance (Magway) | PRA (Magway) | 2021 | Unknown | Mobile headquarters | |||
People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak | PREPAK | 1977 | ~200 (2012)[63] | Mobile headquarters | Sagaing Region | Part of CorCom | |
Rohingya Solidarity Organisation | RSO | 1982[64] | Unknown |
| |||
Shanni Nationalities Army | SNA | 2016 | 1,000+ (2019)[66] | Mobile headquarters | Kachin State | Allies with the Shan State Army (RCSS) and the Tatmadaw | |
Shan State Army (SSPP)[a] | SSPP/SSA | 1971 | 10,000 (2023)[67] | Wan Hai | Shan State |
|
Signed ceasefire with Tatmadaw |
Shan State Army (RCSS)[a] | RCSS/SSA | 1996 | 8,000 (2024)[10] | Loi Tai Leng |
|
Split from the Mong Tai Army in 1995 | |
Wuyang People's Militia | LEM/LNDP | 2013 | 100 (2022)[68] | Myitkyina | Kachin State | Armed wing of the Lisu National Development Party |
|
Student Armed Force | SAF | 2021 | Unknown | Mobile headquarters | |||
Ta'ang National Liberation Army | TNLA | 1992 | 8,000-10,000 (2024)[49] | Mobile headquarters | Shan State |
|
Governs the Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone |
United Liberation Front of Asom-Independent | ULFA-I | 1979 | 200 (2024) | Taga, Sagaing (until 2019)[27] | Part of the UNLFW |
| |
United National Liberation Front | UNLF | 1964 | 2,000 | Manipur | Part of CorCom |
| |
United Wa State Army | UWSA | 1989 | 25,000 (2015)[71] | Pangkham | Shan State |
|
Governs the Wa Self-Administered Division (Wa State)[72] |
Wa National Army | WNA | 1969 | 200 (1998)[73] | Homein | Shan State |
|
Signed a peace agreement with the government in August 1997 |
Zomi Revolutionary Army | ZRA-EC | 1997 | 3,000 (2016)[21] | Churachandpur | Armed wing of the Zomi Revolutionary Organisation |
Defunct
[edit]Name | Abbreviation | Founded | Disbanded | Strength | Headquarters | Location | Affiliations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front | ARIF | 1986[75] | 1998 | Unknown | Mobile headquarters | |||
National Democratic Front of Boroland | NDFB | 1986 | 2020 | 3,000+ | Taga, Sagaing (until 2019)[27] | Part of the UNLFW |
| |
Communist Party of Arakan | CPA | 1962 | 2004 | Unknown | Mobile headquarters | Rakhine State | Split from the Red Flag Communist Party | |
Communist Party of Burma | CPB | 1939 | 1989 | 6,000[76] | Pangkham (until 1989) | Shan State | Armed wing dissolved in 1989 | |
Democratic Karen Buddhist Army | DKBA | 1994 | 2010 | <5,000[21] | Mobile headquarters | Kayin State |
| |
God's Army | 1997 | 2006 | 500[77] | Mobile headquarters | Myanmar–Thailand border | Surrendered to government forces in 2006 | ||
Mongko Region Defence Army | MRDA | 1995[78][79] | 2000 | Unknown | Mongko | Split from the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army | ||
Mong Tai Army | MTA | 1985 | 1996 | 20,000 | Homein | Surrendered to the government in 1996 | ||
Monland Restoration Army | MRA | 2001 | 2012 | 100–300[80][81] | Sangkhlaburi | Armed wing of the Hongsawatoi Restoration Party | Surrendered to government forces in 2012 | |
Mujahideen | None | 1947 | 1954 | 2,000 | Mayu | Rakhine State | Majority of fighters surrendered to the government in the late 1950s and early 1960s | |
Red Flag Communist Party | RFCP | 1948 | 1978 | 500[82] | Mobile headquarters | Shan State | Split from the Communist Party of Burma | |
Rohingya Liberation Party | RLP | 1972 | 1974 | 800–2,500[83][better source needed] | Mobile headquarters | Rakhine State | Insurgents fled across the border into Bangladesh after a massive military operation by the government in July 1974 | |
Rohingya National Army | RNA | 1998 | 2001 | Unknown | Cox's Bazar | Armed wing of the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO) | ||
Rohingya Patriotic Front | RPF | 1974 | 1980s | 70[83] | Mobile headquarters | Rakhine State | ||
Shan State Army | SSA | 1964 | 1976 | 1,500 | Mobile headquarters | Shan State |
| |
Shan State National Army | SSNA | 1995 | 2005 | 8,000 (peak)[84] | Hsipaw | Shan State | Merged with the Shan State Army – South in 2005 | |
Shan United Revolutionary Army | SURA | 1960 | 1996 | Unknown | Homein |
| ||
Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors | VBSW | 1999 | 2013 | Unknown | Mobile headquarters | Myanmar–Thailand border |
|
Coalitions
[edit]See also
[edit]- Combatants of the internal conflict in Myanmar
- List of political and military organisations in Myanmar
Notes
[edit]References
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- ^ "Arakan Liberation Party officer shot dead in Rakhine State capital". Myanmar Now. 18 September 2023.
- ^ Olarn, Kocha; Griffiths, James (11 January 2018). "Myanmar military admits role in killing Rohingya found in mass grave". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ^ "'Beyond comprehension': Myanmar admits killing Rohingya". www.aljazeera.com. 11 January 2018. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
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- ^ a b c d e "Armed ethnic groups | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 10 January 2013. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ "Peace may prove elusive as divisions sap strength of karen national union | Bangkok Post: news". www.bangkokpost.com. Bangkok Post. 14 October 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ^ "Myanmar Army Seizes Drugs, Detains Leaders in Raid on KIA Offshoot Group". Radio Free Asia. 26 March 2020.
- ^ "Burmanet » Kachin News Group: KDA transformed to militia groups by Burma junta". www.burmanet.org. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ "Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) | Myanmar Peace Monitor". mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ "Burma attack breaks Kachin truce near China border". BBC. 20 January 2013. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
The rebels are seeking greater autonomy within Burma for ethnic Kachins who have had de facto control over a part of northern Burma for more than 50 years.
- ^ a b c d e "UNLFW: The new name for terror in NE". Times of India. 5 June 2015.
- ^ "All Karen Border Guard Force units to be rebranded as The Karen National Army". Karen News. 2 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Kayin Border Guard Force celebrates ninth anniversary". Frontier Myanmar. 20 August 2019.
- ^ "Ethnic Karen guerrillas in Myanmar leave a town that army lost 2 weeks ago as rival group holds sway". ABC News. 24 April 2024.
- ^ "Myanmar Signs Historic Cease-Fire Deal With Eight Ethnic Armies". Radio Free Asia. 15 October 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ "ชาติพันธุ์กระเหรี่ยง ต่อสู้เพื่อความฝัน "รัฐกะเหรี่ยง"". pptvhd36.com (in Thai). 30 March 2021. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ Burma center for Ethnic Studies, January 2012, "Briefing Paper No. 1" http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/BCES-BP-01-ceasefires(en).pdf Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Murray, Lucy. "Karenni rebels dig in for last stand". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2005.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Khin, Aung; Aung, Nyan Lin (9 December 2021). "ကရင်နီကာကွယ်ရေးတပ်ဖွဲ့". Voice of America (in Burmese). Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ "တရုတ်နယ်စပ်က ရိုင်ဖယ်များနှင့် အားမာန်ပြည့်လာသည့် တပ်ဖွဲ့သစ်များ" [Armed groups rejuvenated by rifles from Chinese borderlands]. Irrawaddy (in Burmese). 6 June 2023.
- ^ "Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup". South Asia Terrorism Portal.
- ^ a b c "India's security and the fencing of the Myanmar border". Firstpost. 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP)". Project on Violent Conflict.
- ^ "New armed group formed by ousted KNDO leader will not be recognised by KNU". Myanmar Now. 21 July 2022.
- ^ "Karen Peace Council (KPC) | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ^ "Kuki National Organization | Myanmar Peace Monitor". mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
- ^ a b "KNF gets arms, support from other side of border". The Daily Star.
- ^ "Lahu Democratic Union (LDU) » Myanmar Peace Monitor". 11 May 2022.
- ^ a b "2 groups join Myanmar government's peace process". AP News. 13 February 2018. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ a b "New Mon State Party and Lahu Democratic Union sign NCA". Office of the President of Myanmar. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ a b "NCA signing ceremony for NMSP, LDU to take place on 13 Feb". Mizzima. 6 February 2018. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ "New Mon State Party (NMSP) | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ^ a b "Myanmar Junta Running Out of Options in Northern Shan as Fighting Resumes". The Irrawaddy. 2 July 2024.
- ^ "တရုတ်နယ်စပ်က ရိုင်ဖယ်များနှင့် အားမာန်ပြည့်လာသည့် တပ်ဖွဲ့သစ်များ" [Armed groups rejuvenated by rifles from Chinese borderlands]. Irrawaddy (in Burmese). 6 June 2023.
- ^ "NDAA | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ "NSCN-K | Myanmar Peace Monitor". mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ "NSCN(K) faction revokes decision to abrogate ceasefire agreement". The Economic Times. 7 December 2018. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
- ^ "Naga Peace Process: Gone Off Track". www.ipcs.org. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "New Democratic Army – Kachin". Mizzima News. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
- ^ "'They are preparing for war': Forced recruiting by Pa-O militia in Shan". Frontier Myanmar. 28 February 2023.
- ^ "PNLO | Myanmar Peace Monitor". www.mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ "With Conscription Law, Myanmar's Generals Are Digging Their Own Graves". The irrawaddy. 14 February 2024. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
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- ^ Bociaga, Robert (24 November 2021). "Myanmar's Army Is Fighting a Multi-Front War". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
- ^ "Data".
- ^ "India's Ties With Myanmar Junta in Focus After Chin Group's Attack on Manipur Rebels". The Irrawaddy. 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024.
- ^ "People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK)". Project on Violent Conflict.
- ^ "Rohingya Solidarity Organization | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ ""On 4 February 2024, in Taungpyoletwea town (Maungdaw township, Maungdaw district, Rakhine state), the ULA/AA attacked the Taung Pyo Let Yar tactical hilltop base of the Border Guard Police. The ULA/AA alleged that the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army and the Rohingya Solidarity Organization fought alongside the Border Guard Police. Casualties unknown."". ACLED Dashboard.
- ^ Thet Ko Ko (8 April 2019). "Without Territory, the Shanni Army's Difficult Path to Recognition". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
- ^ "Rival Shan armies declare truce as other ethnic armed groups gain ground". Myanmar Now. 30 November 2023.
- ^ "KIA Seizes Kachin Outpost from Pro-Myanmar Junta Militia". The Irrawaddy. 20 December 2022.
- ^ "Data".
- ^ "Meitei rebel groups and Myanmar state's problem". Mizzima. 20 February 2024.
- ^ Davis, Anthony. "Wa army fielding new Chinese artillery, ATGMs". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ Gerdes, Luke (8 February 2009). "Constructing Terror: How Issues of Construct Validity Undermine the Utility of Terror Databases and Statistical Analyses of Terrorism". All Academic Research. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
The best such example comes from the United Wa State Army (UWSA), an armed ethnic organisation that has established de facto control over a portion of Northeastern Burma.
- ^ I. Rotberg, Robert (1998). Burma: Prospects for a Democratic Future. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0-8157-9169-0. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ "Manipur Armed Group Has Joined Hands With Myanmar Junta, Says Resistance". The Wire. 7 February 2022.
- ^ "Bangladesh Extremist Islamist Consolidation". by Bertil Lintner. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ Gibson, Richard Michael (2011). The Secret Army: Chiang Kai-shek and the Drug Warlords of the Golden Triangle. John Wiley and Sons. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-470-83018-5.
- ^ Mydans, Seth (1 April 2000). "Burmese Rebel Chief More Boy Than Warrior". NY Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
- ^ Steinberg, David I. (2001). Burma: The State of Myanmar. Georgetown University Press. p. 195. ISBN 1-58901-285-2. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ^ Colletta, Nat J.; Lim, Teck Ghee; Kelles-Viitanen, Anita (2001). Social Cohesion and Conflict Prevention in Asia: Managing Diversity Through Development. World Bank Publications. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-8213-4874-1. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- ^ "Ceasefire celebration noticeably absent". Independent Mon News Agency. Independent Mon news Agency. 29 June 2010. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ "The Irrawaddi – Precarious Peace in Monland". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ Schmid, Alex Peter, A.J. Jongman, and Michael Stohl. Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, and Literature Archived 2 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2005. p. 514
- ^ a b Pho Kan Kaung (May 1992). "The Danger of Rohingya". Myet Khin Thit Magazine No. 25. pp. 87–103.
- ^ "MAR – Data – Chronology for Shans in Burma". 1 June 2010. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors". Tracking Terrorism. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
- ^ "Stakeholders: UNFC | Myanmar Peace Monitor". mmpeacemonitor.org. Myanmar Peace Monitor. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ^ "Chin Brotherhood Alliance Emerges as Three Organizations Skip Chinland Council Conference, Pledging Enhanced Political and Military Cooperation". Khonumthung News. 2 January 2024.
- ^ "MM Peace Monitor - 7 NCA Signatories Form 7 EAO Alliance with Focus on Federal Union and Peace". MM Peace Monitor. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ "Seven Myanmar Ethnic Armed Groups Revamp Peace Process Team". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ "Signatory Organizations to NCA Announce New Name: 7 EAO Alliance". Karen News. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ "Rocky Start for New Bloc of Myanmar EAOs Formed to Join Junta Peace Talks". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
External links
[edit]- Myanmar Peace Monitor – NGO based in Chiang Mai, Thailand that monitors Myanmar's ongoing peace process.
- Pyidaungsu Institute – Political institute based in Chiang Mai, Thailand focused on achieving political stability and peace in Myanmar.