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Inscriptional Parthian

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Inscriptional Parthian
Script type
Time period
c. 100 CE – c. 400 CE[1]
DirectionRight-to-left script Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesParthian language
Related scripts
Parent systems
Aramaic alphabet
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Prti (130), ​Inscriptional Parthian
Unicode
Unicode alias
Inscriptional Parthian
U+10B40–U+10B5F

Inscriptional Parthian was a script used to write the Parthian language, the majority of the text found were from clay fragments. This script was used from the 2nd century CE to the 5th century CE or in the Parthian Empire to the early Sasanian Empire. During the Sasanian Empire it was mostly used for official texts.[2][3][citation needed]

Inscriptional Parthian is written right to left and the letters are not joined.[citation needed]

Parthian (above), along with Greek (below) and Middle Persian was being used in inscriptions of early Sasanian emperors. Shapur I's inscription at the Naqsh-e Rajab

Letters

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Inscriptional Parthian uses 22 letters:[3]

Name[A] Image Text IPA[4]
Aleph 𐭀 /a/, /aː/
Beth 𐭁 /b/, /v/
Gimel 𐭂 /g/, /j/
Daleth 𐭃 /d/, /j/
He 𐭄 /h/
Waw 𐭅 /v/, /r/
Zayin 𐭆 /z/
Heth 𐭇 /h/, /x/
Teth 𐭈 /t/
Yodh 𐭉 /j/, /ĕː/, /ĭː/
Kaph 𐭊 /k/
Lamedh 𐭋 /l/
Mem 𐭌 /m/
Nun 𐭍 /n/
Samekh 𐭎 /s/
Ayin 𐭏 /ʔ/
Pe 𐭐 /p/, /b/
Sadhe 𐭑 /s/
Qoph 𐭒 /q/
Resh 𐭓 /r/
Shin 𐭔 /ʃ/, /ʒ/
Taw 𐭕 /t/, /d/
  1. ^
    Letter names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters[3]

Ligatures

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Inscriptional Parthian uses seven standard ligatures[3]

Ligature Sequence
Image Text
𐭂𐭅 𐭂 (gimel) + 𐭅 (waw)
𐭇𐭅 𐭇 (heth) + 𐭅 (waw)
𐭉𐭅 𐭉 (yodh) + 𐭅 (waw)
𐭍𐭅 𐭍 (nun) + 𐭅 (waw)
𐭏𐭋 𐭏 (ayin) + 𐭋 (lamedh)
𐭓𐭅 𐭓 (resh) + 𐭅 (waw)
𐭕𐭅 𐭕 (taw) + 𐭅 (waw)

The letters sadhe (𐭑) and nun (𐭍) have swash tails which typically trail under the following letter.[3]

Ligature Sequence
Image Text
𐭍𐭍 𐭍 (nun) + 𐭍 (nun)
𐭍𐭃 𐭍 (nun) + 𐭃 (daleth)

Numerals

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Inscriptional Parthian had its own numerals

Value 1 2 3 4 10 20 100 1000
Sign Image
Text 𐭘 𐭙 𐭚 𐭛 𐭜 𐭝 𐭞 𐭟

Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 158 is written as 𐭞𐭝𐭝𐭜𐭛𐭛‎ (100 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 4 + 4).[3]

Unicode

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Inscriptional Parthian script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

The Unicode block for Inscriptional Parthian is U+10B40–U+10B5F:

Inscriptional Parthian[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+10B4x 𐭀 𐭁 𐭂 𐭃 𐭄 𐭅 𐭆 𐭇 𐭈 𐭉 𐭊 𐭋 𐭌 𐭍 𐭎 𐭏
U+10B5x 𐭐 𐭑 𐭒 𐭓 𐭔 𐭕 𐭘 𐭙 𐭚 𐭛 𐭜 𐭝 𐭞 𐭟
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

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  1. ^ https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hm6b38h
  2. ^ "Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS". escholarship.org. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2007-08-24). "L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF).
  4. ^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937.