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Succession to the Malaysian thrones

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Race and politics

Malaysia practises an elective monarchy so there is no distinct line of succession to the Malaysian thrones. In the event where the current seat of the throne falls vacant (due to death, incapacitation or resignation), the Conference of Rulers meet to elect the new monarch from among the rulers of the nine Malay states. The deputy king does not automatically succeed the throne. The election is regulated by Article 32 of the Constitution of Malaysia.[1]

By convention, the monarch of the Throne of Malaysia has been elected by the established order of seniority of the states.

MalaysiaFederal throne

Main article: Yang di-Pertuan Agong § Order of seniority of states
Turning State Ruler On the Federal Throne Remarks
1  Negeri Sembilan Tuanku Muhriz
(since 29 December 2008)		 N/A
2  Selangor Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah
(since 21 November 2001)		 N/A
3  Perlis Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
(since 17 April 2000)		 13 December 2001 – 12 December 2006 12th King
4  Terengganu Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
(since 15 May 1998)		 13 December 2006 – 12 December 2011 13th King
5  Kedah Sultan Sallehuddin
(since 12 September 2017)		 N/A
6  Kelantan Sultan Muhammad V
(since 13 September 2010)		 Since 13 December 2016 15th King (incumbent)
7  Pahang Sultan Ahmad Shah
(since 7 May 1974)		 29 March 1979 – 25 April 1984 7th King
8  Johor Sultan Ibrahim
(since 23 January 2010)		 N/A
9  Perak Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah
(since 29 May 2014)		 N/A

States' throne[2]

 Negeri Sembilan

Negeri Sembilan is unique in that it is the only State in Malaysia which practices an elective monarchy instead of a linear dynasty. The four largest luak (districts) in Negeri Sembilan each elect an Undang (viceroy), who are also the kingmakers of the State. When the position of the Yamtuan Besar falls vacant, the four Undangs will be called upon to appoint a successor among the Princes of Four. They are the Tunku Besar of Seri Menanti (currently Tunku Ali Redhauddin), the Tunku Laksamana (currently Tunku Naquiyuddin), the Tunku Muda of Serting (currently Tunku Imran) and the Tunku Panglima Besar (currently Tunku Nadzaruddin). The current Yamtuan Besar is Tuanku Muhriz.

 Selangor

  • Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (1922–2001)
    • Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah (born 1945)
    • (2) Tengku Sulaiman Shah, Tengku Laksamana (born 1950)
      • (3) Tengku Shakirin Shah (born 1980)
        • (4) Tengku Mahmud al-Amin Ismail Mahmud Shakirin Ahmad Shah (born 2015)
        • (5) Tengku Limmarl Ismail Shakirin al-Amin Mahmud Ahmad Shah (born 2016)
      • (6) Tengku Salehuddin Shah, Tengku Indera Bijaya Diraja (born 1982)
      • (7) Tengku Shahrain Shah (born 1985)
      • (8) Tengku Sharifuddin Shah (born 1987)
    • (9) Tengku Abdul Samad Shah, Tengku Panglima Besar (born 1953)
      • (10) Tengku Musahiddin Shah, Tengku Seri Perkasa Diraja (born 1984)
    • (11) Tengku Ahmad Shah, Tengku Indira Setia (born 1955)
      • (12) Tengku Alam Shah Ammiruddin (born 1982)

 Perlis

  • Tuanku Syed Putra (1920–2000)
    • Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin (born 1943)
    • (3) Syed Badaruddin, Tengku Sharif Bendahara (born 1945)
      • (4) Syed Mashafuddin (born 1974)
    • (5) Syed Amir Zainal Abidin, Tengku Sharif Temenggong (born 1950)
      • (6) Syed Budriz Putra (born 1972)
        • (7) Syed Aqil Harrith (born 2001)
    • (8) Syed Razlan, Tengku Laksamana (born 1951)
      • (9) Syed Muhammad Hazrain (born 1978)
        • (10) Syed Hazriq (born 2012)
        • (11) Syed Hazriv (born 2013)
      • (12) Syed Muhammad Hafiz (born 1981)
    • (13) Syed Zainal Anuar, Tengku Panglima (born 1952)
      • (14) Syed Haizam Hishamuddin, Engku Panglima Setia Diraja of Selangor (born 1983)
      • (15) Syed Jufri Ziauddin (born 1992)
    • (16) Syed Zainal Rashid (born 1953)
    • (17) Syed Azni (born 1954)
      • (18) Syed Fariz Naqiuddin (born 1985)
      • (19) Syed Haniff Iskandar (born 1992)
    • (20) Syed Badlishah (born 1958)
      • (21) Syed Fezriq (born 1980)
      • (22) Syed Felsham (born 1984)
      • (23) Syed Fernash (born 1988)

 Terengganu

  • Sultan Mahmud al-Muktafi billah Shah (1930–1998)
    • Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (born 1962)
      • (1) Tengku Muhammad Ismail, Yang DiPertuan Muda, the Crown Prince (born 1998)
      • (2) Tengku Muhammad Muaaz (born 2000)
    • (3) Tengku Mustafa Kamil, Tengku Sri Bendahara Raja (born 1968)
      • (4) Tengku Sharif Mahmud
      • (5) Tengku Daniel Haqim
      • (6) Tengku Nabil al-Muktafi
    • (7) Tengku Badr ul-Zaman, Tengku Sri Panglima Raja (born 1974)
    • (8) Tengku Badr ul-Hisham, Tengku Sri Temenggung Raja (born 1976)

 Kedah

 Kelantan

    • (2) Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra (born 1978)

 Pahang

  • Sultan Abu Bakar Riayatuddin al-Muadzam Shah (1904–1974)
    • Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah al-Musta'in Billah (born 1930)
      • (1) Tengku Abdullah, Tengku Mahkota, the Crown Prince (born 1959)
        • (2) Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah (born 1995)
        • (3) Tengku Muhammad Iskandar Riayatuddin Shah (born 1997)
        • (4) Tengku Ahmad Ismail Muadzam Shah (born 2000)
      • (5) Tengku Abdul Rahman, Tengku Muda (born 1960)
        • (6) Tengku Eddie Akasya (born 2004)
        • (7) Tengku Ahmad Firman Shah (born 2005)
      • (8) Tengku Abdul Fahd Mu'adzam Shah, Tengku Arif Temenggung (born 1994)

 Johor

 Perak

In contrast to the other Malaysian sultanates, the ruling dynasty of Perak utilises a somewhat complex order of succession.

The reigning Sultan appoints princes in the male line of descent from a Sultan to certain high princely titles. They are arranged in a strict order of precedence indicating the order of succession to the throne. As per a ruling of 25 February 1953, the present hierarchy of titles and the corresponding order of succession is as follows:

  1. Raja Muda (Crown Prince, currently Raja Jaafar)
  2. Raja di-Hilir (Deputy Crown Prince, currently Raja Iskandar Dzulkarnain)
  3. Raja Kechil Besar (currently Raja Azlan Muzzaffar Shah)
  4. Raja Kechil Sulong (currently Raja Ahmad Nazim Azlan Shah)
  5. Raja Kechil Tengah (currently Raja Iskandar)
  6. Raja Kechil Bongsu (currently Raja Izuddin Chulan).

While titleholders are usually appointed for life, titles may be revoked in cases of proven incompetence or disability. On the death or promotion of an existing titleholder, the holder of the next most senior title succeeds him. The Raja Muda is the heir apparent, and succeeds the ruling sultan on his demise, whereupon the prince holding the title of Raja Di-Hilir becomes the new Raja Muda. The Raja Kechil Besar then becomes the Raja Di-Hilir. The new Sultan may then appoint his own nominee to the junior-most title made vacant by these successions. [6]

  • Sultan Ahmad ud-din Shah (died 1806; r. 1792–1806)
    • Sultan Abdul-Malik Mansur Muazzam Shah Jamalullah (died 1825; r. 1806–1825)
      • Sultan Abdullah Muazzam Shah Khalilullah (c. 1805–1830; r. 1825-1830)
      • Tuanku Ahmad Shah Johan Berdaulat Khalifatullah, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (died 1820)
        • Sultan Jaafar Safi ud-din Muazzam Shah Waliullah (died 1865; r. 1857–1865)
            • Raja Chulan, Raja Di-Hilir (1869–1933)
              • Raja Zainal Azman, Raja Kechil Tengah (1903–1956)
          • Raja Musa I, Raja Muda (died 1906)
              • Raja Dato Sri Musa II, Raja Muda (1919–1983)
        • Raja Alang Iskandar Shah, Raja Bendahara (died 1849)
                  • Raja Datuk Sri Ashman Shah, Raja Kechil Sulong (1958–2012; Raja Kechil Sulong: 2010–2012)
                • Raja Ziran @ Raja Zaid (died 1979)
                  • (5). Raja Iskandar (born 1941; Raja Kechil Tengah: 2016–present)
                • (2). Raja Iskandar Dzulkarnain, Raja Di-Hilir, Deputy Crown Prince (born 1955; Raja Di-Hilir, Deputy Crown Prince: 2014–present)
    • Raja Inu Muhammad Saleh, Raja Kechil Lasa
      • Sultan Muhammad Shahab ud-din Riayat Shah Saifullah (died 1851; r. 1830–1851)
        • Sultan Ali al-Mukammil Inayat Shah Nabiullah (died 1871; r. 1865–1871)

References

  1. ^ https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_32
  2. ^ "Malaysia: Land of Nine Kings". Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  3. ^ Harits Asyraf Hasnan (15 October 2016). "Tengku Amir Shah sempurnakan istiadat pemasyhuran Raja Muda Selangor". astroawani.com (in Bahasa Melayu). Retrieved 25 January 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ Aizat, Sharif (26 November 2017). "Raja Muda Kedah ke-20 dimasyhur" (in Malay). myMetro. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  5. ^ Aizat, Sharif (26 November 2017). "Raja Muda Kedah ke-20 dimasyhur" (in Malay). myMetro. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  6. ^ Buyers, Christopher. "Sultanate of Perak-Malaysia-royalark.net". Retrieved 10 April 2016.
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