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List of town tramway systems in Europe

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This is a list of cities and towns in Europe that have (or once had) town tramway (urban tramway, or streetcar) systems as part of their public transport system.

Separate lists have been created for the following European countries to improve user-friendliness and to reduce article size:

Other geographic regions:

Albania Albania

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Vlorë Horse ? ?  
  • Note: A photograph of a horse-drawn tramcar, dated 1963 (Peschkes, Part Three, 1987, Page 19), establishes that Albania did have a town tramway service.

Austria Austria

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Dornbirn – Lustenau Electric 30 Nov 1902 31 Oct 1938  
  Gmunden (am Traunsee) Electric 13 Aug 1894   Ranked as the world's smallest operating town tramway (by system length). See Gmunden Tramway.
  Graz Horse 18 Jun 1878 23 Jul 1899  
Electric 29 Jan 1898    
  Innsbruck Steam 1 Jun 1891 1 Jan 1910  
Electric 15 Jul 1905    
  Klagenfurt Horse 30 Jun 1891 1911  
Electric 6 May 1911 16 Apr 1963  
  Linz Horse 18 Jul 1880 31 Jul 1897  
Electric 31 Jul 1897   See also Pöstlingbergbahn.
  ♦ Ebelsberg – Sankt Florian Electric 1 Sep 1913 31 Dec 1973 Part reopened as a museum tramway.
  Salzburg Electric 4 May 1909 15 Nov 1940  
  Sankt Pölten Electric 18 Mar 1911 10 Feb 1976  
  Unterach Electric 18 Aug 1907 18 Sep 1949 Located at the south end of Attersee lake.
  Wien /Vienna Horse 4 Oct 1865 28 Jun 1903  
Steam 27 Oct 1883 23 Jan 1922  
Electric 28 Jan 1897   See Trams in Vienna.
Lokalbahn Mödling and Hinterbrühl ♦ Mödling – Hinterbrühl Electric 17 Oct 1883 31 Mar 1932 First permanent electric tramway in Europe.
  ♦ Baden (bei Wien) Horse 16 Jul 1876 Oct 1893  
Electric 16 Jul 1894 14 Feb 1951  
  ♦ Wien – Baden Steam 29 Sep 1886

Sep 1917

1906;

?

 
Electric 11 May 1899   Wien - Baden electric service began 1 May 1907.
  Ybbs an der Donau Electric 11 Nov 1907 22 Sep 1953  

Belgium Belgium

Main article: List of town tramway systems in Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Sarajevo tram system Sarajevo Electric 1 May 1895

British crown dependencies

Guernsey Guernsey

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  St Peter Port Steam 1879 1892  
Electric 20 Feb 1892 9 Jun 1934  

Isle of Man Isle of Man

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Douglas Bay Horse Tramway

Upper Douglas Cable Tramway

Douglas Horse 7 Aug 1876   [1], [2]. Winter service withdrawn from 2 Nov 1927, current operating season early May - late September. Operation suspended 30 Sep 1939 - 22 May 1946 because of war.
Cable 15 Aug 1896 19 Aug 1929 [3]. Winter service withdrawn from 1927.
Douglas Southern Electric Tramways, Ltd. (Marine Drive Tramway) ♦ Douglas - Keristal - Port Soderick Electric 1896 15 Sep 1939 Opened to Keristal 7 August 1896, completed 1897. Operation suspended ca. 1914 - ca. 1918 because of war.
Manx Electric Railway ♦ Douglas (Derby Castle) - Laxey - Ramsey Electric 7 September 1893   [4]. Operation suspended Laxey - Ramsey, 30 Sep 1975, restored 25 Jun 1977.
Snaefell Mountain Railway ♦ Laxey - Snaefell Summit Electric 21 Aug 1895   Operates only during summer season. Operation suspended 20 Sep 1939 - 1 Jun 1946 because of war.

Note for Manx Electric Railway: Opened to Groudle Glen, 7 Sep 1893. Extended to Laxey, 27 Jul 1894. Extended to Ramsey (Ballure), 5 Aug 1898 Completed to Ramsey (Plaza), 24 Jul 1899.

Bulgaria Bulgaria

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Plovdiv / Пловдив (Electric)     Construction started ca. 1913, not completed.
  Ruse/ Русе (Electric)     Construction started ca. 1911, not completed.
  Sofia / София Electric 1 Jan 1901    

Croatia Croatia

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Dubrovnik tram Dubrovnik Electric 22 Dec 1910 20 Mar 1970  
Opatija tram Opatija Electric 9 Feb 1908 1 Apr 1933  
Osijek tram system Osijek Horse 10 Sep 1884 31 Mar 1926  
Electric 12 Pro 1926    
Trams in Pula Pula Electric 24 Mar 1904 15 Jun 1934  
Trams in Rijeka Rijeka Electric 7 Nov 1899 31 May 1962  
Zagreb tram system Zagreb Horse 5 Sep 1891 1911 From 18 Aug 1910 in parallel transitional use with electric tramcars.
Electric 18 Aug 1910    
  ♦ Velika Gorica Horse 9. Nov 1937 ? Used former Zagreb horse tramcars.
Diesel 1944 ? Former horse tramcars pulled by diesel locomotives after World War II.

Czech Republic Czech Republic

Main article: List of town tramway systems in the Czech Republic

Denmark Denmark

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Århus Horse 31 May 1884 23 May 1895 [5].
Electric 7 Jul 1904 7 Nov 1971 [6].
  København /Copenhagen Horse 22 Oct 1863 14 Jun 1915 [7]
Accumulator (storage battery) 4 Mar 1897 15 Mar 1902 [8].
Electric 19 Sep 1899 22 Apr 1972 [9].
  ♦ Hellerup - Charlottenlund - Klampenborg Steam 23 Mar 1884 1 Oct 1892
Horse 1 Jun 1897 30 Nov 1902
Electric 1903 1953  
  Lakolk (Rømø island) Horse ? ?  
  Odense Electric 9 Sep 1911 1 Jul 1952 [10].

Estonia Estonia

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Kuressaare Steam 1918 Oct 1940
  Tallinn Horse 24 Aug 1888 24 Sep 1919 [11].
Electric 28 Oct 1925   [12].
  ♦ Tallinn - Kopli Steam 26 Jan 1916 ?  
Petrol (gasoline) 26 Jan 1916 Nov 1953 [13].
Electric 6 Nov 1951   Connected with main Tallinn system, 5 Nov 1953.

Finland Finland

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Helsinki tram Helsinki Horse 21 Jun 1891 21 Oct 1901
Electric 4 Sep 1900  
  ♦ Kulosaari (Brändö) Electric 25 Sep 1910 14 Feb 1951 Unconnected to main system as built, connection to Helsinki (Sörnäinen) by tramcar ferry. Connection (bridge) opened 1919.
  ♦ Lauttasaari Horse 1913 31 Oct 1917 Unconnected to main system.
Turku tram Turku Horse 4 May 1890 31 Oct 1892 Re-introduction planned.
Electric 2 Dec 1908 1 Oct 1972
Vyborg Electric 28 September 1912 April 1957 The city was ceded to the Soviet Union in 1940.

France France

Main article: List of town tramway systems in France

Georgia (country) Georgia

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Tbilisi თბილისი Horse 1883 1910  
Electric 19 Sep 1904 4 Dec 2006  

Germany Germany

Main article: List of town tramway systems in Germany

Greece Greece

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Athens Tram Athens Horse 1882 1908  
Electric 1908 1960  
  Athens - Palaio Faliro - Neo Faliro Steam 1887 ? Electrified and incorporated into Athína town tramway network.
Athens - Palaio Faliro - Neo Faliro - Voula Electric 2004 Planned to reach downtown Piraeus
Piraeus Harbour tramway Piraeus Horse 1883 1908
Electric 1910 1960
Piraeus-Perama light railway Piraeus - Perama Electric 1936 1977  
  Kalamata Electric ? ?  
  Karlovasi / Καρλόβασι (Samos / Σάμος) Horse 1905 1939  
  Patra / Πάτρα (Patras) Horse ? ?  
Steam ? ?  
Electric 1902 ?  
  Thessaloniki (Salonica) Electric 1907 1957  
  Volos Steam ? ?  

Hungary Hungary

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Budapest Horse 30 Jul 1866 10 Apr 1928  
Electric 30 Jul 1889   Operation suspended Nov 1944 - 8 Feb 1945 because of war (Battle of Budapest).
  Debrecen Steam 2 Oct 1884 1911  
Horse 7 Oct 1888 1911  
Electric 15 Mar 1911    
  Miskolc Electric 10 July 1897    
Steam 11 Jun 1906 1909  
  Nyíregyháza Electric 7 Aug 1911 31 May 1969  
  Pécs Electric 20 Oct 1913 Aug 1960  
  Sopron Electric 28 Apr 1900 31 May 1923  
  Szeged Horse 1 Jul 1884 1908  
Electric 1 Dec 1908    
  Szombathely Electric 5 Jun 1897 20 Aug 1974  

Republic of Ireland Ireland

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Arigna Steam 1887 1959  
  Cork Horse 12 Sep 1872 Dec 1875  
Electric 2 Dec 1898 30 Sep 1931  
  Dublin Horse 1 Feb 1872 1901  
Electric 16 May 1896

30 Jun 2004

3 July 1949

-

Operation suspended during part of 1944 because of fuel (coal) shortage, restored 2 Oct 1944. (See also Luas).
  ♦ Dublin - Dún Laoghaire - Dalkey Horse 17 Mar 1879 ? Opened in stages, completed 9 Jul 1885.
Steam ? ?  
Electric 16 May 1896 3 Jul 1949  
  Dublin - Lucan Steam 1 Jun 1881 ? Opened in stages, completed 1 Feb 1883.
Electric 1900 14 Apr 1940 Separate undertaking (from main Dublin system) to 1925.
  ♦♦ Lucan - Leixlip Steam 1889 1900  
Electric 1900 1925  
  ♦ Dublin - Howth Electric 26 Jul 1900 29 Mar 1941  
Hill of Howth Tramway ♦ Howth Head Electric 17 Jun 1901 1 Jun 1959 Operation suspended Jun - Sep 1944 because of fuel (coal) shortage.
  Galway - Salthill Horse 1879 1918  

Italy Italy

Main article: List of town tramway systems in Italy

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan

See List of town tramway systems in Asia. The portion of the country in Europe had no town tramways.

Latvia Latvia

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Daugavpils Tramway Daugavpils Horse ? ?  
Electric 5 Nov 1946   [14]
  Ķemeri (Jūrmala) Electric 16 Jun 1912 1935 (?) [15].
Liepājas tramvajs Liepāja Electric 26 Sep 1899   [16]
Rīgas Satiksme Riga Horse 4 Sep 1882

23 Aug 1903

1901

1909

[17]
Electric 23 July 1901   [18]

Lithuania Lithuania

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Kaunas Horse 5 Jun 1892 15 Apr 1929 [19].
Steam 1914 1936 [20].
  Klaipėda Electric 18 Aug 1904

1950

Oct 1934

1967

[21].

[22].

  Palanga Horse ? ? [23].
  Vilnius Horse 15 Jun 1893 1915 [24].
Petrol 1914 1926  
Electric     In planning. Excepting microstates, Vilnius, Ljubljana, Podgorica, Reykjavík and Tirana are the only European capitals where electric town tramways have not (yet) been built.

Luxembourg Luxembourg

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Esch-sur-Alzette canton Electric 29 May 1927 22 Sep 1956  
  Luxembourg City
Horse 22 Feb 1875 ?
Electric 8 Aug 1908 5 Sep 1964 Reintroduction planned.

North Macedonia Republic of Macedonia

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Skopje Electric     To be opened. First track will be from Gyorche Petrov to Cement Factory "Usie"

Malta Malta

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Valletta Electric 23 Feb 1905 15 Dec 1929

Moldova Moldova

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Chişinău Horse 29 Oct 1888 1914  
Electric 25 Jan 1914 13 May 1961  

Monaco Monaco

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Monte Carlo Electric 1898 1932

Netherlands Netherlands

Main article: List of town tramway systems in the Netherlands

Norway Norway

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Bergen Tramway Bergen Electric 13 Jul 1897 31 Dec 1965 [25]
Bergen Light Rail 22 Jun 2010    
Oslo Tramway Oslo Horse 5 Oct 1875 14 Jan 1900 [26]
Electric 13 Mar 1894   [27]
Trondheim Tramway Trondheim Electric 3 Dec 1901 12 Jun 1988 [28]
Gråkallen Line 18 Aug 1990   [29]

Poland Poland

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Białystok Horse 1895 1915  
  Bielsko-Biała Electric 1895 1972  
  Bydgoszcz Horse 18 May 1888 1896  
Electric 1895    
  Cieszyn Electric 12 Feb 1911 2 Apr 1921 see note below.
  Częstochowa Electric 8 Mar 1959    
  Elbląg Electric 23 Nov 1895    
  Gdańsk Horse 22 Jun 1873 1896  
Electric 1895    
  Gorzów (Wielkopolski) Electric 29 Jul 1899    
  Grudziądz Horse 15 Jun 1896 1899  
Electric 1899    
  Inowrocław Electric 1912 1962  
  Jelenia Góra Natural gas 1897 1899
Electric 1900 1967  
Silesian Interurbans Katowice Steam 27 May 1894 1895  
Electric 1898   System serves neighboring towns including Bytom, Chorzów, Gliwice, Sosnowiec and Zagłębie.
  Koszalin Electric 21 Dec 1911 30 Sep 1938  
  Kraków Horse 1 Nov 1882 1890  
Electric 1901   Nowa Huta, founded as a separate industrial town in 1949, was joined to Kraków in 1951 and served by the Kraków tramway system from 1952.
  Legnica Electric 1898 1969  
  Łódź Electric 24 Dec 1898   1000 mm gauge
  Olsztyn Electric 1907 1965  
Tramways in Poznań Poznań Horse 30 Jul 1880 ?  
Electric 1898   Fast tram opened 1 Mar 1997 (see Poznański Szybki Tramwaj).
  Słubice Electric 1898 28 Sep 1945 Słubice was part of Frankfurt (Oder), Germany, until 1945 and was served by a tramway line that crossed the river Odra (German: Oder). Construction of new line isn't planned.
  Słupsk Horse 1905 ?  
Electric 1910 1959  
  Szczecin Horse 23 Aug 1879 1898  
Electric 1897    
  Tarnów Electric 1911 1942  
  Toruń Horse 1891 1900 (?)  
Electric 16 May 1891    
  Wałbrzych Electric 1898 1966  
  Warszawa Horse 11 Dec 1866 September 1914 (and for 6 weeks in the spring 1917)  
Electric 26 Mar1908    
  Wrocław Horse 10 Jul 1877 1906  
Electric 1893    

Note for Cieszyn: The Austrian-ruled town of Teschen (Polish: Cieszyn; Czech: Těšín) became part of Poland in 1918, following the collapse of Austria-Hungary. The suburb of Sachsenberg (Polish: Saska Kępa), west of the river Olsa (Polish: Olza; Czech: Olše) became part of Czechoslovakia (as Český Těšín) from 28 July 1920. The tramway connected the railway station (in Český Těšín) to the business center (in Cieszyn). It suffered financial losses following division of the town and was therefore closed in 1921.

Portugal Portugal

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Braga Mule 20 May 1877 1914  
Steam 25 Mar 1882 1914  
Electric 19 Oct 1914 20 May 1963  
  Coimbra Mule 17 Sep 1874

1 Jan 1904

1883

1910

 
Electric 1 Jan 1911 9 Feb 1980 Reintroduction planned (LRT).
  Figueira da Foz Mule Aug 1876 (goods Dec 1875) 1930  
Steam 1883 1926
  Lisboa Mule 17 Nov 1873 10 Aug 1902  
Steam 1889 1892  
Cable 14 Aug 1890 3 Jul 1913  
Electric 31 Aug 1901    
  ♦ Sintra Electric 31 Mar 1904   Operates only during summer season (from 1953). Operation suspended 15 Sep 1974 - 15 May 1980.
  Porto Mule 19 Mar 1872 1903  
Steam 1878 9 Nov 1914  
Electric 12 Sep 1895   First electric tramway on Iberian Peninsula. Remaining system operated as a heritage tramway (see Trams in Porto).
Light rail system (named Metro do Porto, but is LRT) opened its first segment 7 Dec 2002 (see Porto Metro).
  Povoa de Varzim - Vila do Conde Mule 15 Oct 1874 Oct 1934  

Note for Sintra: King and Price (1995, page 63) state that the reasons for the 1974-1980 suspension of operation are not clear, but mention financial difficulties, management changes, labor unrest, and the political turmoil which followed the Revolução dos Cravos of 25 Apr 1974.

Romania Romania

Main article: List of town tramway systems in Romania

Russia Russia

Main article: List of town tramway systems in Russia

Serbia Serbia

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Belgrade tram system Beograd / Београд /Belgrade Horse 14 Oct 1892 1904  
Electric 1894    
Niš tram system Niš / Ниш Electric 16 Nov. 1930 10 Aug. 1958  
Novi Sad tram system Novi Sad / Нови Сад Electric 30 Sep 1911 1958  
"Trčika" ♦ Beach tramway, "King of Serbia" hotel - Novi Sad municipal beach Horse 1922 1926  
Petrol (gasoline) traction 1926 1937 Operation forbidden by court order, 1937. However, operation continued, only during summer service, to 1941 (or 1944).
Subotica tram system Subotica / Суботица Electric 7 Sep 1897 2 April 1974  

Slovakia Slovakia

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Bratislava tram system Bratislava Electric 27 Aug 1895    
  Košice Horse 18 Nov 1891 28 Feb 1914  
Steam 7 Jul 1893 28 Feb 1914  
Electric 28 Feb 1914    
  Trenčianske Teplice Electric 27 Jul 1909    

Slovenia Slovenia

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
Ljubljana tram system Ljubljana Electric 6 Sep 1901 20 Dec 1958 Reintroduction planned
  Piran Electric 20 Jul 1912 31 Aug 1953  

Spain Spain

Main article: List of town tramway systems in Spain

Sweden Sweden

Name of System Location Traction
Type 		Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Gävle Electric 13 Nov 1909 5 Apr 1956 [30].
Gothenburg tram Göteborg /Gothenburg Horse 24 Sep 1879 28 Oct 1902 [31]
Electric 18 Aug 1902   [32]
  Helsingborg Electric 11 Jun 1903 2 Sep 1967 [33]
  ♦ Ramlösa Horse Jun 1877 Sep 1890 [34]. Operated only during summer season. replaced by Helsingborg electric tramway line.
  Jönköping Electric 12 Jul 1907 7 Jun 1958 [35].
  Karlskrona Electric 21 Dec 1910 15 May 1949 [36].
  Kiruna Electric 1 Oct 1907 28 May 1958 [37], [38]. Heritage tramway, 1984 - 14 Aug 1993 [39].
  Limhamn Horse 1 Jul 1900 Sep 1914 [40].
  Ljunghusen Horse May 1905 Aug 1924 [41].
  Malmö Horse 28 Aug 1887 2 Feb 1907 [42].
Electric 20 Dec 1906 27 Apr 1973 [43]. Heritage tramway, opened 15 Aug 1987, [44].
Norrköping tramway Norrköping Electric 10 Mar 1904   [45]
Stockholms Spårvägar Stockholm Horse 10 Jul 1877 10 Feb 1905 [46].
Steam 11 Aug 1887 15 Nov 1901  
Petrol (gasoline) 14 Apr 1924 1 Mar 1929  
Electric 5 Sep 1901   [47]
Lidingöbanan ♦Lidingö Electric 26 Oct 1907   [48]
  ♦Stocksund Electric 15 Oct 1911 25 Sep 1966 [49]
  Sundsvall Electric 21 Dec 1910 9 Nov 1952 [50]
  Ulricehamn (Electric)     Line completed 1911, test trips operated. Not opened for public service because of an accident, and a dispute over how much passengers should pay as fare [51].
  Uppsala Electric 11 Sep 1906 12 Oct 1953 [52]

Note for Stockholm: Two systems, north and south, were connected at Slussen on 1 Apr 1922. The system was divided from 26 Oct 1950, when the segment connecting the remaining line (Alvik - Nockeby) to central Stockholm was closed.

Switzerland Switzerland

Main article: List of town tramway systems in Switzerland

Turkey Turkey

See List of town tramway systems in Asia. With the exception of Istanbul, the portion of the country in Europe had no town tramways.

Ukraine Ukraine

Main article: List of town tramway systems in Ukraine

United Kingdom United Kingdom

Main article: List of town tramway systems in the United Kingdom

References

See also

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