Māngere (New Zealand electorate)
Māngere (spelled Mangere before 1997) is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, returning one member of parliament to the Representatives of New Zealand. The current MP for Māngere is William Sio,[1] elected for the Labour Party. He has held this electorate since 2008.
Population centres
Through an amendment in the Electoral Act in 1965, the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, an increase of one since the 1962 electoral redistribution.[2] It was accepted that through the more rapid population growth in the North Island, the number of its electorates would continue to increase, and to keep proportionality, three new electorates were allowed for in the 1967 electoral redistribution for the next election.[3] In the North Island, five electorates were newly created (including Mangere) and one electorate was reconstituted while three electorates were abolished.[4] In the South Island, three electorates were newly created and one electorate was reconstituted while three electorates were abolished.[5] The overall effect of the required changes was highly disruptive to existing electorates, with all but three electorates having their boundaries altered.[6] These changes came into effect with the 1969 election.[3]
Māngere is based around the South Auckland suburbs of Mangere, Mangere Bridge, Favona and Mangere East. It has existed as an electorate since 1969; its boundaries were extended ahead of the introduction of mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting in 1996, swallowing up a section of the former Papatoetoe electorate.
In the 2007 boundary redistribution, Papatoetoe and Middlemore were transferred to the Manukau East electorate.[7] The 2013/14 redistribution did not change the boundaries further.[8]
History
Māngere, and all of South Auckland, forms the safest part of the Labour Party's core vote. Even during landslide elections in the National Party's favour, such as in 1975 and 1990, no Labour candidate for Māngere was seriously troubled.
Māngere was first represented by Colin Moyle of the Labour Party in 1969. Moyle represented the electorate until his resignation in 1977 over what became known as the 'Moyle Affair', and a subsequent by-election was won by a young barrister named David Lange, who would become Prime Minister after Labour's 1984 election victory. Lange retired in 1996 and the nomination was handed to Taito Phillip Field, at the time the MP for Otara. Field was returned with a high share of the vote in subsequent elections, but following his expulsion from the Labour caucus in 2007, his former party nominated former Manukau City deputy mayor William Sio in his place, who won the seat with a majority of over 7,000 votes in the 2008 election.[1] In the 2011 and 2014 elections, Sio's majority was circa 15,000 votes.[9][10]
Members of Parliament
Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and started at general elections.
Key
Election | Winner | |
---|---|---|
1969 election | rowspan=3 width=5 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color | | Colin Moyle |
1972 election | ||
1975 election | ||
1977 by-election | rowspan=7 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color | | David Lange |
1978 election | ||
1981 election | ||
1984 election | ||
1987 election | ||
1990 election | ||
1993 election | ||
1996 election | rowspan=4 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color | | Taito Phillip Field[a] |
1999 election | ||
2002 election | ||
2005 election | ||
2007 | bgcolor=Template:Independent politician/meta/color | | |
2008 election | rowspan=4 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color | | William Sio |
2011 election | ||
2014 election | ||
2017 election |
List MPs
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Māngere electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
Election | Winner | |
---|---|---|
2005 election | width=5 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand National Party/meta/color | | Clem Simich |
2013 | width=5 bgcolor=Template:New Zealand National Party/meta/color | | Claudette Hauiti[b] |
Election results
2017 election
General election, 2017: Māngere [11] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | William Sio | 18,810 | 68.69 | −2.40 | 19,931 | 70.44 | +3.51 | ||
National | Agnes Loheni | 4,213 | 15.36 | +0.41 | 4,864 | 17.19 | +1.68 | ||
Green | Elaine Dyett | 1,203 | 4.39 | −0.08 | 760 | 2.69 | −1.24 | ||
NZ First | Mataroa Paroro | 1,097 | 4.01 | — | 1,447 | 5.10 | −2.18 | ||
Māori Party | Esther Tofilau-Tevaga | 880 | 3.22 | — | 573 | 2.02 | +1.57 | ||
Mana Party | James Papali'i | 330 | 1.21 | −0.81 | 48 | 0.17 | — | ||
Conservative Party of New Zealand | Kevin Stitt | 189 | 0.69 | — | 73 | 0.26 | −2.78 | ||
style="color:inherit;background-color: Template:Communist League (New Zealand)/meta/color; width: 5px;" | | Communist League | Felicity Coggan | 48 | 0.18 | — | ||||
Opportunities | 191 | 0.67 | — | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 74 | 0.26 | −0.05 | ||||||
People's Party | 37 | 0.13 | — | ||||||
ACT | 35 | 0.12 | −0.13 | ||||||
United Future New Zealand | 10 | 0.04 | −0.05 | ||||||
Internet | 6 | 0.02 | — | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 3 | 0.01 | −0.03 | ||||||
Outdoors | 3 | 0.01 | — | ||||||
Democrats | 2 | 0.01 | −0.02 | ||||||
Informal votes | 613 | 240 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 27,363 | 28,297 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 14,957 | 53.33 | −2.82 |
2014 election
General election, 2014: Māngere[12] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | William Sio | 18,908 | 71.09 | −4.81 | 18,470 | 66.93 | −4.89 | ||
National | Misa Fia Turner | 3,975 | 14.95 | +2.35 | 4,281 | 15.51 | +1.15 | ||
Conservative Party of New Zealand | Edward Saafi | 1,473 | 5.54 | +3.10 | 839 | 3.04 | +1.43 | ||
Green | Muamua Sofi Strickson-Pua | 1,190 | 4.47 | +0.17 | 1,084 | 3.93 | +0.08 | ||
style="color:inherit;background-color: Template:Mana Party (New Zealand)/meta/color; width: 5px;" | | Mana | James Papali'i | 536 | 2.02 | +0.26 | ||||
NZ First | 2,008 | 7.28 | +1.42 | ||||||
Internet Mana | 324 | 1.17 | +0.16[c] | ||||||
Māori Party | 124 | 0.45 | −0.09 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 86 | 0.31 | −0.07 | ||||||
ACT | 68 | 0.25 | −0.06 | ||||||
United Future New Zealand | 26 | 0.09 | −0.11 | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 10 | 0.04 | +0.04 | ||||||
Democrats | 7 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
Independent Coalition | 5 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
Focus | 3 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
Civilian | 3 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
Informal votes | 514 | 514 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 26,596 | 27,597 | |||||||
Turnout | 27,597 | 66.69 | +3.44 | ||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 14,933 | 56.15 | −7.15 |
2011 election
General election, 2011: Māngere[9] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | William Sio | 18,177 | 75.90 | +23.49 | 17,960 | 71.82 | +10.22 | ||
National | Claudette Hauiti[b] | 3,018 | 12.60 | -1.35 | 3,592 | 14.36 | -2.07 | ||
Green | Todd Ross | 1,030 | 4.30 | +2.06 | 962 | 3.85 | +1.81 | ||
NZ First | Olivia Ilalio | 597 | 2.49 | +2.49 | 1,466 | 5.86 | +2.55 | ||
Conservative Party of New Zealand | Fa'avae Gagamoe | 584 | 2.44 | +2.44 | 402 | 1.61 | +1.61 | ||
Mana | James Papali'i | 422 | 1.76 | +1.76 | 252 | 1.01 | +1.01 | ||
ACT | Casey Costello | 121 | 0.51 | -0.52 | 77 | 0.31 | -0.81 | ||
Māori Party | 134 | 0.54 | -0.43 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 95 | 0.38 | -0.003 | ||||||
United Future | 49 | 0.20 | -0.67 | ||||||
Alliance | 14 | 0.06 | +0.03 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 4 | 0.02 | -0.01 | ||||||
Democrats | 0 | 0.00 | -0.01 | ||||||
Informal votes | 856 | 518 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 23,949 | 25,007 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 15,159 | 63.30 | +33.78 |
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 39,534[13]
2008 election
General election, 2008: Māngere[14] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | William Sio | 12,651 | 52.40 | 15,446 | 61.60 | ||||
Pacific | Taito Phillip Field | 5,525 | 22.89 | 2,683 | 10.70 | ||||
National | Mita Harris | 3,368 | 13.95 | 4,120 | 16.43 | ||||
Family Party | Galumalemana Jerry Filipaina | 999 | 4.14 | 297 | 1.18 | ||||
Green | Muamua Sofi Strickson-Pua | 541 | 2.24 | 511 | 2.04 | ||||
United Future New Zealand | Pulotu Selio Solomon | 443 | 1.84 | 218 | 0.87 | ||||
ACT | Michael Tabachnik | 247 | 1.02 | 280 | 1.12 | ||||
RAM | Roger Fowler | 154 | 0.64 | 16 | 0.06 | ||||
Progressive | Tala Po'e | 150 | 0.62 | 165 | 0.66 | ||||
Independent | Lemalu Talia Matatumua | 63 | 0.26 | ||||||
NZ First | 830 | 3.31 | |||||||
Māori Party | 241 | 0.96 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 96 | 0.38 | |||||||
Bill and Ben | 75 | 0.30 | |||||||
Kiwi | 65 | 0.26 | |||||||
Workers Party | 16 | 0.06 | |||||||
Alliance | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
Democrats | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
RONZ | 1 | 0.00 | |||||||
Informal votes | 411 | 279 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 24,141 | 25,074 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 7,126 | 29.52 |
Note: lines coloured beige denote the winner of the electorate vote. Lines coloured pink denote a candidate elected to Parliament from their party list.
2005 election
General election, 2005: Mangere[15] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Taito Phillip Field | 19,633 | 70.64 | 20,900 | 72.89 | ||||
National | Clem Simich | 3,613 | 13.00 | 3,894 | 13.58 | ||||
Destiny | Edward Saafi | 892 | 3.21 | 445 | 1.55 | ||||
NZ First | Toa Greening | 831 | 2.99 | 1,189 | 4.15 | ||||
Green | Mua Strickson-Pua | 767 | 2.76 | 503 | 1.75 | ||||
United Future New Zealand | Neville Wilson | 573 | 2.06 | 467 | 1.63 | ||||
Māori Party | Solomon Matthews | 522 | 1.88 | 330 | 1.15 | ||||
Progressive | Tala Po'e | 341 | 1.23 | 429 | 1.50 | ||||
Family Rights | Susie Po'a Williams | 305 | 1.10 | 184 | 0.64 | ||||
Alliance | Len Richards | 204 | 0.73 | 48 | 0.17 | ||||
Direct Democracy | Paul Teio | 56 | 0.20 | 7 | 0.02 | ||||
Independent | Mark Muller | 56 | 0.20 | ||||||
ACT | 141 | 0.49 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 59 | 0.21 | |||||||
Christian Heritage | 42 | 0.15 | |||||||
One NZ | 8 | 0.03 | |||||||
Democrats | 5 | 0.02 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 5 | 0.02 | |||||||
99 MP | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
RONZ | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
Informal votes | 453 | 293 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 27,793 | 28,674 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 16,020 |
2002 election
General election, 2002: Mangere[16] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Taito Phillip Field | 17,995 | 73.15 | 17,586 | 70.28 | ||||
National | Sylvia Taylor | 2,620 | 10.65 | 1,839 | 7.35 | ||||
Green | Steve Abel | 874 | 3.55 | 806 | 3.22 | ||||
United Future New Zealand | Bruce Settle | 754 | 3.07 | 889 | 3.55 | ||||
Progressive | Rosie Brown | 609 | 2.48 | 618 | 2.47 | ||||
ACT | Juanita Angell | 467 | 1.90 | 1,929 | 2.26 | ||||
Christian Heritage | Steven Panapa | 442 | 1.80 | 345 | 1.38 | ||||
Alliance | Len Richards | 350 | 2.19 | 273 | 1.09 | ||||
NZ First | 1,585 | 6.33 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 164 | 0.66 | |||||||
ORNZ | 83 | 0.33 | |||||||
Mana Māori | 31 | 0.12 | |||||||
One NZ | 9 | 0.04 | |||||||
NMP | 3 | 0.01 | |||||||
Informal votes | 488 | 218 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 24,599 | 25,022 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 15,375 | 62.50 |
1999 election
General election, 1999: Mangere[17][18] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Taito Phillip Field | 15,888 | 68.60 | +12.66 | 15,881 | 67.32 | +12.55 | ||
National | Sylvia Taylor | 2,841 | 12.27 | 2,863 | 12.14 | -5.52 | |||
Alliance | Finau Kolo | 2,279 | 9.84 | 1,945 | 8.25 | -0.66 | |||
Christian Heritage | Steven Aotearoa Panapa | 573 | 2.47 | 396 | 1.68 | ||||
NZ First | Jerry Nuia Hohepa | 571 | 2.47 | 688 | 2.92 | -7.21 | |||
ACT | Adrian Jon Dixon | 458 | 1.98 | 544 | 2.31 | +0.26 | |||
Independent | Kelvyn Glen Alp | 389 | 1.68 | ||||||
Natural Law | Grant Bilyard | 89 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 66 | 0.28 | +0.04 | ||
style="color:inherit;background-color: Template:Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata/meta/color; width: 5px;" | | Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata | Te Aroha Wepiha Reo | 71 | 0.31 | |||||
Green | 603 | 2.56 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 182 | 0.77 | -0.61 | ||||||
Christian Democrats | 149 | 0.63 | |||||||
Mauri Pacific | 56 | 0.24 | |||||||
United NZ | 56 | 0.24 | -0.20 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 52 | 0.22 | +0.18 | ||||||
Animals First | 36 | 0.15 | -0.03 | ||||||
McGillicuddy Serious | 22 | 0.09 | -0.09 | ||||||
Mana Māori | 20 | 0.08 | +0.03 | ||||||
One NZ | 10 | 0.04 | |||||||
Freedom Movement | 6 | 0.03 | |||||||
Republican | 5 | 0.02 | |||||||
The People's Choice | 5 | 0.02 | |||||||
NMP | 4 | 0.02 | |||||||
South Island | 1 | 0.00 | |||||||
Informal votes | 947 | 516 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 24,106 | 24,106 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 13,047 | 56.33 | +17.08 |
1996 election
General election, 1996: Mangere[19][20][21] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | Taito Phillip Field | 13,277 | 55.94 | 13,118 | 54.77 | ||||
National | David Broome | 3,960 | 16.68 | 4,230 | 17.66 | ||||
Alliance | Len Richards | 3,190 | 13.44 | 2,134 | 8.91 | ||||
NZ First | Thomas Moana | 1,972 | 8.31 | 2,426 | 10.13 | ||||
Christian Coalition | James Ward | 563 | 2.37 | 728 | 3.04 | ||||
ACT | Kevin Mathewson | 409 | 1.72 | 492 | 2.05 | ||||
Advance New Zealand | Afamasaga Rasmussen | 180 | 0.76 | 88 | 0.37 | ||||
United NZ | Francis Ifopo | 94 | 0.40 | 105 | 0.44 | ||||
Natural Law | Grant Bilyard | 90 | 0.38 | 57 | 0.24 | ||||
Legalise Cannabis | 330 | 1.38 | |||||||
Ethnic Minority Party | 55 | 0.23 | |||||||
Progressive Green | 49 | 0.20 | |||||||
McGillicuddy Serious | 44 | 0.18 | |||||||
Animals First | 42 | 0.18 | |||||||
Green Society | 13 | 0.05 | |||||||
Mana Māori | 11 | 0.05 | |||||||
Asia Pacific United | 9 | 0.04 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 9 | 0.04 | |||||||
Superannuitants & Youth | 7 | 0.03 | |||||||
Conservatives | 5 | 0.02 | |||||||
Te Tawharau | 0 | 0.00 | |||||||
Informal votes | 469 | 252 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 23,735 | 23,952 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 9,317 | 39.25 |
1993 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Lange | 8,345 | 55.1 | +4.0 | |
Alliance | Len Richards | 2,387 | 15.7 | +4.0 | |
NZ First | Bryan Archer | 2,037 | 13.4 | −8.9 | |
National | Hinu Te Hau | 1,120 | 7.3 | ||
Christian Heritage | Clark Nemeth | 135 | 0.8 | ||
Communist League | Karen Davis | 84 | 0.6 | ||
McGillicuddy Serious | Alister Webb | 77 | 0.5 | ||
Natural Law | Grant Bilyard | 53 | 0.3 | ||
Majority | 5,958 | 39.3 | +10.6 | ||
Turnout | 15,137 | 70.4 | −9.3 |
1990 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Lange | 7,184 | 51.1 | −19.5 | |
National | Bryan Archer | 3,145 | 22.3 | ||
NewLabour | Len Richards | 1,658 | 11.7 | ||
Green | Brian Edwards | 832 | 5.9 | ||
Democrats | Ken Harris | 148 | 1.0 | ||
Independent | Joshua Deane | 55 | 0.3 | ||
Majority | 4,039 | 28.7 | −19.6 | ||
Turnout | 14,058 | 79.7 | −10.0 |
1987 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Lange | 8,804 | 70.6 | −2.2 | |
National | Ron Jeffery | 2,785 | 22.3 | ||
Democrats | Ken Harris | 724 | 5.8 | ||
Mana Motuhake (political party) | K K Pene | 156 | 1.3 | ||
Majority | 6,019 | 48.3 | −8.7 | ||
Turnout | 15,326 | 89.7 | −3.4 |
1984 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Lange | 10,676 | 72.8 | +10.6 | |
National | Peter Saunders | 2,301 | 15.7 | ||
NZ Party | John Meyer | 1,096 | 7.5 | ||
Social Credit | T J Brooks | 584 | 4.0 | ||
Majority | 8,375 | 57.1 | |||
Turnout | 17,001 | 92.1 | +7.1 |
1981 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Lange | 8,739 | 62.2 | −4.0 | |
Social Credit | John Petit | 2,933 | 20.9 | ||
National | David Perry | 2,366 | 16.9 | ||
Majority | 5,806 | 41.3 | −4.2 | ||
Turnout | 17,001 | 85.0 | +20.6 |
1978 election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Lange | 9,104 | 66.2 | +4.07 | |
National | Peter Saunders | 2,841 | 20.7 | ||
Social Credit | H J Meiklejohn | 1,655 | 12.0 | ||
Values | V A Strachan | 144 | 1.1 | ||
Majority | 6,263 | 45.5 | +18.3 | ||
Turnout | 21,499 | 64.4 | −18.8 |
1977 by-election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Lange | 9,766 | 58.27 | ||
National | Clem Simich | 5,107 | 30.48 | ||
Social Credit | Bill Owens | 1,026 | 6.10 | −0.07 | |
Values | Frank Grayson | 789 | 4.71 | −1.02 | |
Worker's Labour | Barry Moss | 28 | 0.17 | ||
Alpha | Paul Magoffin | 18 | 0.11 | ||
Independent Labour | Barry Shaw | 17 | 0.10 | ||
Socialist Action | Brigid Mulrennan | 7 | 0.04 | ||
Majority | 4,659 | 27.80 | |||
Turnout | 16,758 | 64.31 | −15.35 | ||
Registered electors | 26,058 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Table footnotes
Notes
- ^ a b Official Count Results – Mängere
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 108, 111, 112.
- ^ a b McRobie 1989, p. 111.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 107, 111.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 108, 112.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 111f.
- ^ "Mana: Electoral Profile" (PDF). New Zealand Parliament. September 2012. p. 3. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
- ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
- ^ a b "Official Count Results -- Māngere". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
- ^ "Official Count Results -- Māngere". Electoral Commission. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
- ^ "Māngere - Official Result". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results -- Māngere (2014)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
- ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
- ^ "Official Count Results -- Māngere". Chief Electoral Office. 22 November 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "Official Count Results -- Mangere". Electoral Commission. 1 October 2005. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results -- Mangere (2002)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place - Mangere, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 20 July 2013.
- ^ "Part III - Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Part III - Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
- ^ Norton 1988, p. 268.
- ^ a b c d Norton 1988, p. 267.
References
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
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(help)
External links
- Electorate Profile Parliamentary Library