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Meral Akşener

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Meral Akşener
Meral Akşener in 2021
Leader of the İYİ Party
In office
25 October 2017 – 1 May 2024
Preceded byParty established
Succeeded byMüsavat Dervişoğlu
Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly
In office
10 August 2007 – 7 June 2015
SpeakerKöksal Toptan
Mehmet Ali Şahin
Cemil Çiçek
Served withSadık Yakut
Mehmet Sağlam [tr]
Güldal Mumcu
Ayşe Nur Bahçekapılı
Nevzat Pakdil [tr]
Eyyüp Cenap Gülpınar [tr]
Preceded byYılmaz Ateş [tr]
Succeeded byKoray Aydın
Minister of the Interior
In office
8 November 1996 – 30 June 1997
Prime MinisterNecmettin Erbakan
Preceded byMehmet Ağar
Succeeded byMurat Başesgioğlu
Member of the Grand National Assembly
In office
22 July 2007 – 1 November 2015
Constituencyİstanbul (III) (2007, 2011, Jun 2015)
In office
24 December 1995 – 3 November 2002
Constituencyİstanbul (1995)
Kocaeli (1999)
Personal details
Born
Meral Gürer

(1956-07-18) 18 July 1956 (age 68)
İzmit, Turkey
Political partyGood Party (2017–present)
Other political
affiliations		True Path Party (DYP) (1995–2001)
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) (2001–2016)
Spouse
Tuncer Akşener
​
(m. 1980)​
RelationsHasan Tahsin Argun (grand uncle)
Işıl Akşener (daughter-in-law)
ChildrenFatih Akşener
Alma materIstanbul University
Marmara University
OccupationPolitician, academic, historian
Websitemeralaksener.com.tr
NicknameAsena

Meral Akşener (née Gürer, Turkish pronunciation: [meˈɾal ˈakʃenæɾ]; born 18 July 1956) is a Turkish politician, teacher, historian and academic who is the founder of the Good Party (İYİ Party).

Akşener first entered parliament as a deputy of the True Path Party (DYP) in the 1995 and 1999 general election, and served as the interior minister in the coalition government established by Necmettin Erbakan between 1996 and 1997. Distrustful of her coalition partner, she played a key role in the downfall of her own government in the 1997 military memorandum.

Akşener entered the parliament as a deputy of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) in the 2007, 2011 and June 2015 general elections, serving as a vice-speaker of the Grand National Assembly from 2007 to 2015. After tensions between her and the MHP's leader Devlet Bahçeli, she was not nominated as an MP for the November 2015 general election. In 2016, she led a group of opposition within the party against Bahçeli. In 2017 she separated from the MHP and founded the Good Party, of which she was the leader. She was the party's presidential candidate for the 2018 elections. Akşener was a key opposition figure in Turkish politics and has been dubbed as an "iron lady" by international observers.[1][2] She resigned her leadership following her party's defeat in the 2024 local elections, with Müsavat Dervişoğlu succeeding her.

Early life

[edit]

Meral Akşener was born on 18 July 1956, in the Gündoğdu neighbourhood of İzmit, Kocaeli. Her father Tahir Ömer and her mother Sıddıka are Balkan Turks from Macedonia and Thrace and were among hundreds of thousands who left Greece to resettle in Turkey in 1923.[1] Her paternal side had migrated to the Balkans from Büyükkadı,[3] one of the few Alevi Turkmen villages of Diyarbakır.[4]

She studied history at Istanbul University and completed her post-graduate studies at the Social Sciences Institute of Marmara University, earning a Ph.D. in history. She then worked as a lecturer at Yıldız Technical University, Kocaeli University and Marmara University before entering politics.[5][6]

DYP and interior ministry

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Meral's older brother was president of MHP's İzmit branch, which gave her connections to right-wing politicians. Akşener quit her post as a university department chair and entered politics with the 1994 municipal elections, running for the True Path Party (DYP) as the mayoral candidate for Kocaeli. Catching DYP chairwoman and then prime minister Tansu Çiller's attention, Akşener became the chair of the women's branch of the DYP and entered parliament in the 1995 general election as a DYP deputy from Istanbul province. Akşener was a proponent of governing with the Motherland Party but, lacking a majority, Çiller instead formed a coalition government with Necmettin Erbakan's Islamist Refah Party.[7]

From the outset, Akşener was opposed to the arrangement but Çiller kept her close by appointing her as one of the DYP’s general vice presidents, as well as giving her responsibility for the party's General Governing Council and women’s and youth issues. Akşener replaced Mehmet Ağar as Minister of the Interior after his resignation due to his involvement in the Susurluk scandal, becoming the first female interior minister in Turkish history.[6]

Akşener replaced many officials with ties to organized crime but even she was implicated when it emerged that she attended a wedding with Ağar and Abdullah Çatlı.[7] Suspicious of her coalition partner, Akşener backed a rejected bill to replace Refah mayors that were governing against secular principles, which contributed to the escalation of the 1997 military memorandum crisis. She was forced out of office following the collapse of the REFAH-DYP (Refahyol) government, due to the memorandum.[2][7]

In 1999 she was re-elected to parliament as a deputy for Kocaeli province, but sensing DYP's decline, she led a group of DYP members against Çiller by courting other right-wing parties.[7] On 4 July 2001, Akşener left the DYP for the "innovative wing" of the Welfare Party, led by Abdullah Gül and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.[8][9] The innovative wing founded the AKP on 14 August. However she was dissatisfied with the continuation of the National Outlook (Turkish: Milli Görüş) ideology in the new party,[10] and joined the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) in 3 November.[11] She immediately became chief advisor for political affairs to the MHP chair Devlet Bahçeli.[12] However like most of the long-established parties, the MHP was ejected from parliament when it wasn't able to clear the 10% threshold for entering parliament in the 2002 election, and Akşener lost her seat.

MHP deputy

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Akşener flashing the Grey Wolf salute after delivering a speech at the illegal MHP congress, 2016

She was MHP's candidate for the Istanbul mayoralty in the 2004 mayoral elections. Akşener rejoined parliament in 2007, representing Istanbul province,[6] and was elected vice-speaker of the parliament alongside Güldal Mumcu, another female politician, serving as Turkey's first female vice-speaker since 1968.[6] She served in the Turkey-China Inter-Parliamentary Friendship Group of the parliament.[13] She was re-elected as an MP in the 2011 and June 2015 general elections. However, she was not included on the MHP's lists for the November 2015 snap election.[10]

When the MHP lost half of its MPs in the election and Bahçeli openly supported Erdoğan; Akşener demanded an extraordinary congress to oust him.[1] On 8 September 2016, she was expelled from the MHP and was accused of having links to 2016 putschists. She promised to start her own political party.[7]

Leader of the Good Party

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Main article: Good Party

Under her leadership, the Good Party was founded on 25 October 2017. In her first address to her followers, Akşener said she believed that Turkish democracy was "under threat" and that the Good Party wanted a free society and to fix the problems of the Turkish judiciary system.[14]

Akşener further stated that the "media should not be under pressure. Democratic participation, a strong parliament, and the national will are irreplaceable. We will democratize the law on political parties along contemporary democratic principles and the criteria of the Venice Commission."[14] Aksener said that many who were joining her movement were young Turkish citizens who were "chafing under the restrictions" imposed by the government on public gatherings, freedom of expression, and constraints on the media.[1]

Initially, the Good Party only had five MPs, not enough to form a parliamentary group to participate in an election, but Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP), transferred 15 MPs to her party to allow it to compete in the 2018 general election.[15] On 1 May, the CHP, Good Party, Felicity Party, and Democrat Party formed the Nation Alliance as an electoral alliance to challenge the People's Alliance made up of the AKP and MHP. Akşener was the Good Party's presidential candidate in the election and received 7.3% of the vote,[2][16] while her party captured 43 seats.

Meral Akşener and Temel Karamollaoğlu, 2021

The Nation Alliance continued with the 2019 local elections. After negotiations between Akşener and Kılıçdaroğlu, the CHP and Good Party agreed to compete in separate provinces, and nominated Mansur Yavaş as a joint candidate for the Ankara mayoralty.[17] The two campaigned together during the election. While the Good Party didn't win any mayoralties, Yavaş won Ankara, the CHP took the cities of Istanbul, Bolu, Antalya, Mersin, Bilecik, Artvin, Ardahan and Kırşehir from the AKP,[18] and the Good Party was the third most popular party. Akşener condemned the decision to repeat the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality elections.[19] During the election campaign, she toured every district of Istanbul and supported Ekrem İmamoğlu in his campaign.

Akşener has refused to run for president in the presidential election of 2023, instead saying that she would run for prime minister once the opposition is able to return Turkey to a parliamentary system. She agreed to invite the DEVA and Future Party to the Nation Alliance, turning it into a 6-party coalition, called the Table of Six.

On 3 March 2023, Akşener abruptly announced her withdrawal from the Nation Alliance, and announced her party would not support main opposition CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu as the joint candidate in the 2023 presidential election, imploring the mayors of Istanbul and Ankara, Ekrem İmamoğlu or Mansur Yavaş of the CHP, to run instead.[20] She stated that the other four parties of the alliance secretly agreed to support Kılıçdaroğlu as their candidate if the CHP put their some 70 of their MPs on its lists; this claim was refuted by DEVA's deputy chairman Mehmet Emin Ekmen.[21][22] İmamoğlu and Yavaş chose to stand by their chairman. On 6 March, she and her party rejoined the Table of Six after intense public criticism and after it was announced that Ekrem İmamoğlu and Mansur Yavaş would be appointed Vice-Presidents if Kılıçdaroğlu wins the presidential election.[23][24] Kılıçdaroğlu lost the presidential election, and the Good Party received 9.7% of the vote in the parliamentary election. Akşener announced the dissolution of the Nation Alliance after the election.[25]

Some commentators speculated that her very public withdrawal might have cost the opposition the election by showing to voters the disunity of the coalition.[26] Aytun Çıray, a former Good Party MP and General Secretary, has claimed Akşener's move was a conspiracy initiated by Erdoğan to spoil the unity of the opposition.[27]

In the lead up to the 2024 local elections, Akşener announced that her party would enter on its own lists across all 81 provinces, including against her previous clients, İmamoğlu and Yavaş.[28] During the campaign period, she harshly criticized the CHP and the two mayors, aiming to present her party as a third way. The Good Party polled its worst ever result with 3.7% nationally and the sixth largest party, winning only the municipality of Nevşehir. In a press release on 8 April, 2024, Akşener announced that the Good Party would host an extraordinary leadership congress, and that she would not run for reelection as a candidate for the chairmanship. She was succeeded by her preferred candidate: Müsavat Dervişoğlu, in the party's fifth extraordinary congress.

Views and ideology

[edit]

Akşener, in addition to being the first woman candidate for the Turkish presidency in history, put great emphasis on women's rights in Turkey and made this a central plank of her presidential campaign. Her campaign drew attention to the drastic increase of cases of violence against women and rape in Turkey under AKP administration. Akşener declared her pledge to lift good conduct time in all cases of violence against women and rape, and instead of forcefully sending women to therapy in such cases, her party would send the perpetrator to mandatory therapy before or after serving their sentence and therapy for women would be optional.[29] She is heavily against child marriages.[30][31] Although there was an increase in participation of women in the workforce in Turkey, Akşener stated she finds this inadequate and would implement benevolent sexism to increase participation of women in workforce and to reduce the wage gap.[32]

Akşener has been an animal rights advocate throughout her career, and has campaigned for the full adoption of UNESCO Animal Rights Declaration. She adopted a cat named Cedric, which was found raped and covered in blood on a street in Foça, Izmir.[33]

During her MHP days as Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, even back in 2010, Akşener held a pro-EU stance and held many meetings with EU officials representing Turkey, and was described as the head of the pro-European wing inside the MHP.[34]

Akşener criticized the move by the Erdoğan administration to purchase S-400 missile systems from Russia in a move to distance the country from NATO and the West, stating that the move lacks common sense and wisdom and invited Erdoğan for calmness and to have "information on history". Akşener explained that the move makes no sense as the missiles are not compatible with the existing infrastructure of the Turkey's military, which is integrated to common NATO defense systems, saying that in case of conclusion of such a purchase and its delivery, the S400 missiles would just rot in hangars. She went on to say that such moves by the ruling AKP degraded Turkey's foreign policy, conflicting with 150-year-old Turkish foreign policy principles.[35]

In an April 2020 interview, she stated that she was in favour of reinstating the death penalty in Turkey for terrorists and perpetrators of violence against women.[36]

Controversies

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During the 1990s, Akşener threatened journalists who spoke out against the government, saying: "Until now, we have succeeded in preventing any unwanted event happening. Still we will try. But after today, we know we will have difficulty in holding back our Tansu-Çiller-fanatical youths. We are warning you for the last time."[7]

In 2016, Akşener claimed that her tenure as interior minister saw security services conduct "the longest, broadest, and most comprehensive cross-border actions [against the PKK] in history. I’m sorry to say there are some on social media who say ‘Meral Akşener can’t be MHP leader, she’s responsible for unsolved murders.’ Let them say what they will; I’m fine with all of it. If a thing is necessary for this country, for this nation’s unity and togetherness, I will take responsibility right to the end"[7]

While Akşener carried out the military's demands in the lead-up to the 1997 military memorandum, one of her appointees was charged with wiretapping high-ranking commanders of the Turkish Armed Forces, which created friction between her and the Turkish military. One general allegedly threatened to "impale her like a goose". Though they shared their opposition to the Islamism of the Welfare Party, Akşener's disagreements with the military in the lead-up to the 1997 coup were ultimately over whether the ousting of the Islamists would be done through democratic means or through military intervention.[7]

Akşener accused Abdullah Öcalan of being "Armenian spawn" (Ermeni tohumu).[7]

Akşener frequently uses nicknames for government-aligned politicians, some of which tend to stick. She dubbed Treasury and Finance Minister Berat Albayrak the "Damat" (royal son-in-law) after his marriage to Esra Erdoğan.[37]

Personal life

[edit]

Meral Gürer married Tuncer Akşener, an engineer, in 1980. Their son, Fatih Akşener, was born in 1984. Meral Akşener has been described as a devout Muslim who prays regularly.[38] She is known to her supporters as Asena, after the mythical she-wolf.[38]

She supports the football teams Galatasaray and Kocaelispor.[39]

Electoral history

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Parliamentary

[edit]
As a MP
Election Constituency Party Votes Seats Elected
# % Rank
1995 Istanbul True Path Party 641,825 15.39% 4th Yes
1999 Kocaeli 74,095 13.45% 4th Yes
2007 Istanbul (III) Nationalist Movement Party 227,753 11.47% 3rd Yes
2011 Istanbul (III) 257,456 9.97% 3rd Yes
June 2015 Istanbul (III) 323,495 11,4% 4th Yes
As a party leader
Main article: Good Party § Election results
Election Party Votes Seats Position
# % Rank # ±
2018 Good Party 4,990,710 9.96% 5th new Opposition
2023 5,272,482 9.69% 4th Decrease 0.18 pp Opposition

Presidential

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Election Votes % Outcome
2018 3,649,030 7.29% 4th

Local

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Election Mayoral election votes Percentage of votes Municipal councillor votes Percentage of votes Number of municipalities Number of councillors
2019 3,351,418 7,76% 3,142,757 7,31%
2024 1,735,924 3.77%

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Gall, Carlotta (5 January 2018). "A Rival Steps Up to Challenge Turkey's President Erdogan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018. The daughter of a civil servant, Ms. Aksener grew up in a small rural village in western Turkey. Her family was among the hundreds of thousands resettled from Greece in the population exchanges between Greece and Turkey in 1923.
  2. ^ a b c Malsin, Jared (14 July 2017). "Turkey's 'Iron Lady' Meral Aksener Is Getting Ready to Challenge Erdogan". Time. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  3. ^ "Akşener Diyarbakır'da Kürtçe pankartla karşılandı: Babamın ailesi Diyarbakırlı". Diken. 8 December 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  4. ^ Diken, Şeyhmus (2007). Amidalılar: sürgündeki Diyarbekirliler. p. 241. Köyümüz, Büyük Kadı köyü. Diyarbakır'a arabayla yarım saatlik mesafededir. Türkmen-Alevi köyüdür.
  5. ^ "Biography". Archived from the original on 2017-04-19. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  6. ^ a b c d "Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 23. Dönem Milletvekili-Meral Akşener" (in Turkish). TBMM. Archived from the original on 2012-12-28. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Silverman, Reuben (21 June 2018). "Turkey's Back to the Future Opposition: Part One". Jadaliyya. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  8. ^ "Akşener, DYP'den istifa etti, Yenilikçiler'e katıldı". Hürriyet. 4 July 2001. Archived from the original on 8 November 2021.
  9. ^ "DYP'den ayrılan Akşener yenilikçilere katıldı". NTV MSNBC. 4 July 2001. Archived from the original on 11 July 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Portre: Meral Akşener". [[Aljezeera. 18 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-08-28.
  11. ^ "Meral Akşener MHP'ye geçti". NTV MSNBC. 3 November 2001. Archived from the original on 2016-05-16.
  12. ^ "Akşener başdanışman". Radikal. 16 November 2001. Archived from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  13. ^ "MHP Meral Akşener'i aday göstermedi". Radikal. 18 September 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  14. ^ a b "Akşener hints at run for presidency in 2019 as she forms 'Good Party'". Hürriyet Daily News. 25 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  15. ^ Başaran, Rıfat (22 April 2018). "CHP'den 15 milletvekili İYİ Parti'ye geçti". Hürriyet. Archived from the original on 22 April 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  16. ^ "Erdogan tightens grip with Turkey poll win". 2018-06-25. Archived from the original on 2020-12-13. Retrieved 2019-06-17.
  17. ^ "Mansur Yavaş'tan İYİ Parti'ye ret!". Habertürk. 11 December 2018. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  18. ^ "31 Mart Yerel Seçim Sonuçları". Sabah. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27.
  19. ^ "Akşener: "Talimatla karar veren yargı mensupları adına utanıyorum"". Yeniçağ. 7 May 2019. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  20. ^ "Akşener parts ways with 'Table of Six' – Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. 2023-03-03. Archived from the original on 2023-03-03. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
  21. ^ "Mehmet Emin Ekmen iddiaları yalanladı". 5 March 2023. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  22. ^ "Akşener'in 3 Mart 2023 Açıklamaları". 3 March 2023. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  23. ^ "Nation alliance nominates CHP leader Kılıçdaroğlu for presidential polls – Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. 2023-03-06. Archived from the original on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  24. ^ "İyi Parti Sözcüsü Zorlu açıkladı: Akşener, Altılı Masa'ya döndü!". T24 (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  25. ^ "İyi Parti masadan ayrıldı". 1 June 2023. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  26. ^ "Akşener 'infiltrated' opposition alliance with Erdoğan's instruction, former İYİ MP suggests". Duvar. 11 April 2024. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  27. ^ Eski İYİ Partili Aytun Çıray'dan Akşener ile ilgili gündem olacak sözler! Archived 2024-04-28 at the Wayback Machine HalkTV. 9 April 2024.
  28. ^ "Akşener calls İmamoğlu, Yavaş 'cowards' in a row over Turkey's local elections". Duvar. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  29. ^ "Akşener: Kadınlara şiddet ve tecavüzde 'iyi hal indirimi'ni kaldıracağım". ABC. 7 June 2018. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  30. ^ "Akşener: Kadınlara şiddet ve tecavüzde 'iyi hal indirimi'ni kaldıracağım". ABC. 7 June 2018. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  31. ^ Kolcu, Gamze (2 June 2018). "Akşener: Sorunları kadın gözüyle, yüreğiyle çözmek için yola çıktık". Hürriyet. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  32. ^ "Akşener: Kadınlara şiddet ve tecavüzde 'iyi hal indirimi'ni kaldıracağım". ABC. 7 June 2018. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  33. ^ Küçük Cantank, Nilay (20 February 2018). "MİTİNG İÇİN İZMİR'E GİDEN MERAL AKŞENER TECAVÜZE UĞRAYAN KEDİ CEDRİC'İ SAHİPLENDİ". Ajanimo. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  34. ^ "Meral Akşener'den AB'ye mesaj". Milliyet. 14 May 2010. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  35. ^ "Meral Akşener'den 'S-400' tepkisi: Koyacaksın depoya çürüyecekler". Cumhuriyet. 29 December 2017. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  36. ^ Akşener, Meral (24 April 2020). "Meral Akşener'den net HDP yorumu: PKK'nın uzantısıdır! / Jülide Ateş ile 40 (TEK PARÇA)". Jülide Ateş ile 40 (Interview). Interviewed by Jülide Ateş. Istanbul, Turkey: Haber Global. Retrieved 23 May 2020. Terör suçları ile kadına şiddet suçları için idam cezasının olması gerektiğini düşünüyorum (Question 31)
  37. ^ "Meral Akşener'den Albayrak'a: Damat bey, sen nereye bakıyorsun?". Cumhuriyet. 6 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  38. ^ a b "A challenge to Turkey's Erdogan". The Economist. 16 November 2017. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  39. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Meral Akşener Özel Röportajı | 1997 | 32.Gün Arşivi". YouTube. 18 July 2021.
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