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Rome Metro

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Rome Metro
Metropolitana di Roma logo
A S300 train at Conca d'Oro station
A S300 train at Conca d'Oro station
Overview
Native nameMetropolitana di Roma
LocaleRome, Italy
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines3[1]
Number of stations73[1][2][Note 1]
Annual ridership279 million (2012)[1]
Operation
Began operation9 February 1955
Operator(s)ATAC
Number of vehicles83 trains[1]
Technical
System length60.0 km (37.3 mi)[1][2][3]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
(standard gauge)
ElectrificationOverhead lines
System map

The Rome Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Roma) is a rapid transit system that operates in Rome, Italy. It started operation in 1955, making it the oldest in the country.

The Metro comprises three lines – A (orange), B (blue) and C (green) – which operate on 60 km (37 mi) of route, serving 73 stations.[1][2][Note 1] The original lines in the system, lines A and B, form an X shape with the lines intersecting at Termini station, the main train station in Rome. Line B splits at the Bologna station into two branches. The third line opened in 2014 and connects to the rest of the system through an interchange with Line A at San Giovanni.

Rome's local transport provider, ATAC, operates the Metro and several other rail services: the Roma–Lido line, the Roma-Giardinetti line, and the Roma–Nord line. The first of these, the Roma–Lido, which connects Rome to Ostia, on the sea, is effectively part of the metro network. It is run on similar lines and uses trains similar to those in service on the Metro. The Roma–Giardinetti line, although designated as a railway, is actually a narrow-gauge tram[further explanation needed] line while the Roma–Nord line is a suburban railway.

Lines

See also: List of Rome Metro stations
Line Termini Opened Newest
extension 		Length Stations
km mi
Battistini Anagnina 1980 2000 18.4 11.4 27
Laurentina Rebibbia / Jonio 1955 2015 22.9 14.2 26
Monte Compatri-Pantano San Giovanni 2014 2018 19.1 11.9 22

Line A

Main article: Line A (Rome Metro)

Line A runs from the southeastern suburbs of Rome, then along the northeast section of downtown, and then to the northern section of the city, near Vatican City. It connects with Line B at Termini Station, along with many other national and regional rail services. It has 27 stations, with terminals at Battistini and Anagnina. It is identified by the colour orange.

Line A was the second line built in Rome. Approval was given for the construction of the city's second metro line in 1959.

Work on Line A began in 1964 in the Tuscolana area, but suffered a series of delays caused by poor organisation.[citation needed] Above all, the originally planned method of construction, the cut and cover, posed serious problems for road traffic in south-east Rome. Work on the Metro was suspended and began again five years later, using bored tunnels, which partially resolved the traffic problems but caused numerous claims for compensation for vibrations caused by the machines. Work was also frequently interrupted by archaeological finds made during the excavations, particularly near Piazza della Repubblica.

Line A entered service in February 1980. In the late 1990s it was extended from Ottaviano, in the Prati district, to Battistini to the west.

Line B

Main article: Line B (Rome Metro)

Line B was the first Metro line in Rome. Line B connects the north-east of the city with the south-west. It has 26 stations with terminals at Rebibbia, Jonio and Laurentina (just east of EUR). It is identified by the colour blue. Transfers are available with Line A and other rail services at Termini Station.

Line B was planned during the 1930s by the fascist government to provide a rapid connection between the main train station, Termini, and a new district to the south-east of the city, E42, the planned location of the Universal Exposition (or Expo), which was to be held in Rome in 1942. The exposition never took place due to Italy's entry into the Second World War in 1940. When its construction was interrupted, some of the tunnels on the city-centre side of the Metro (between Termini and Piramide) had already been completed, and they were used as air raid shelters during the war.

Work restarted in 1948, together with the development of the site formerly designated for the Expo into a residential and business district under the name EUR. The metro was officially opened on 9 February 1955 by the then President of the Republic Luigi Einaudi. Regular services began the following day.

In 1990, Line B was extended from Termini to Rebibbia in the east of the city and the entire line was modernised. A new 4 km (2.5 mi) long branch (B1) was opened connecting Piazza Bologna with Conca d'Oro on 13 June 2012; the branch's last stop (and new terminus), Jonio, was opened on 21 April 2015.

Line C

Main article: Line C (Rome Metro)

Opened on November 9, 2014, line C currently runs radially from San Giovanni, serving as an interchange station for Line A, to the eastern terminus of Pantano (the former terminus of the Roma-Giardinetti light railway). It is the first Metro line to extend beyond the city boundaries in Rome.

It is planned to extend to the northwest, towards Grottarossa (north of the Vatican), via the city centre; it will also intersect with Line A at Ottaviano (beside the Vatican), with Line B at Colosseo, and with the planned Line D at piazza Venezia, thus creating a fourth metro hub in Rome.

The first section of the line, from Centocelle to Pantano,[4] is the furthest from the city centre and includes 15 of the planned 30 stops. A further 5.4-kilometre (3.4 mi) section of Line C, serving six additional stations, opened on 29 June 2015, as the line's western terminus was moved from Parco di Centocelle to Lodi.[2] On 12 May 2018, the western terminus was moved to San Giovanni (interchange station for line A).[5] After this third phase, the line will be further extended with two stations, Amba Aradam/Ipponio and Fori Imperiali/Colosseo, located in the city centre.[6]

Progress on the line has been slow with projected completion dates being repeatedly delayed. Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world and the construction of the Metro system has encountered considerable obstacles owing to the frequent archaeological discoveries.[7] While the excavation of the tunnels themselves can be undertaken well below the probable location of most archaeological finds, the excavation of stairwells and ventilation shafts - which must, by necessity, connect with the surface - pose considerable difficulties.

The trains operating on line C are completely automated,[8] and use the same AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro system also featured on the Copenhagen Metro.

Projected overview map of Rome Underground and Rail

Timeline

Timeline of Rome metro construction
date section or station line
10 February 1955 Termini - EUR Fermi
16 February 1980 Ottaviano - Cinecittà
11 June 1980 Cinecittà - Anagnina
8 December 1990 Termini - Rebibbia
Garbatella
Laurentina
12 March 1993 Marconi
13 December 1995 Ponte Mammolo
29 May 1999 Ottaviano - Valle Aurelia
1 January 2000 Valle Aurelia - Battistini
23 June 2003 Quintiliani
12 June 2012 Bologna - Conca d'Oro
9 November 2014 Monte Compatri-Pantano - Parco di Centocelle
21 April 2015 Conca d'Oro - Jonio
29 June 2015 Parco di Centocelle - Lodi
12 May 2018 Lodi - San Giovanni

Service

Fares

An urban single journey ticket, the Biglietto Integrato a Tempo (BIT), costs €1.50, and is valid on the Metro, buses, trams and suburban trains inside the Rome municipality. Other tickets are available, including daily, 2-day, and 3-day passes (Rome 24h/48h/72h), and a weekly pass, the Carta Integrata Settimanale (CIS).

Two proximity cards are available in Rome, èRoma and Metrebus Card Red, which can be charged with season tickets, replacing paper for this type of ticket.

Operating hours

Service starts at about 5:30 am and ends at about 11:30 pm. On Fridays and Saturdays service ends later, at about 1:30 am.[9]

When the Metro is closed, a night bus service operates with lines that follow the same routes and stop at the same stations as the Metro. Line A is served by bus N1, Line B is served by bus N2/N2L, and Line C is served by bus N28.

Other rail lines operated by ATAC

Metro and urban railways map (before opening of Jonio station and line C)

Roma–Lido

Main article: Rome–Lido railway line

Construction of the Roma–Lido line began shortly after the end of the first world war and was completed some six years later in 1924. It began operation as a steam locomotion railway but electrification was completed less than a year later.

The line is operated as an integrated part of the metro system, but is entirely overland. It runs from the Roma Porta San Paolo station beside the Line B Piramide station and runs alongside the B line as far as EUR Magliana. It then continues separately on to the seaside district of Ostia. The line terminates beside the end of Via Cristoforo Colombo.

Roma–Giardinetti

Main article: Rome–Giardinetti railway
A train of the Roma-Giardinetti line

Officially termed a railway, the Roma–Giardinetti line is a narrow gauge tram which connects Laziali (a smaller, local train station some 800 metres east of Temini's main concourse) with Giardinetti, just past the Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA) - Rome's orbital motorway. The line originally ran to Frosinone some 137 km (85 mi) from Rome, but has been gradually reduced in length, most recently when the section from Giardinetti to Pantano, which will become a permanent part of the new C line metro, was taken out of service.

Roma–Civitacastellana–Viterbo

Montebello station of the Roma-Civitacastellana-Viterbo line

The Roma–Civitacastellana–Viterbo line (also called Roma Nord railway) began life as narrow gauge tram running from Piazza della Libertà in Rome to Civita Castellana. However the next stretch of the line, to Viterbo, was built as a railway and over the years the tram section was converted into a railway as well. A process which concluded with the moving of the Roman terminus from the street-level terminus at Piazza della Libertà across the river to a new underground station in Piazzale Flaminio, beside the subsequently constructed metro A line station, after the Second World War.

The line is operated in two modes: as an urban service from Piazzale Flaminio to Montebello, and as a suburban service from Piazzale Flaminio to Viterbo. The urban service operates with a frequency of about one train every 10 minutes, while the suburban service operates considerably less frequently, with less than a third of the trains making the full two and a half hour journey from Rome to Viterbo.

Future expansions

The metro system is currently expanding. An extension of line A from Battistini to Torrevecchia towards the west of the city is planned; a track of 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) with 2 stations.[10]

An extension of line B is planned too. A track of 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi) with 2 stations should be realized from Rebibbia (Rome Metro) to Torraccia/Casal Monastero, towards the left of Rome.

The extension of line C towards the centre of Rome is under construction. From San Giovanni (interchange station with line A) to Colosseo (to interchange with the line B), the track is 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long with an intermediate station near San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Amba Aradam.

New lines

Main article: Line D (Rome Metro)

There are two proposed new lines. There are no timelines yet for their construction.

Line Terminals Opening Length Stations
Ojetti Agricoltura 22 km 22
File:Logo-MetroE.png Cristoforo Colombo Jonio

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Counting Termini (Rome Metro), the interchange station between Lines A and B, and San Giovanni, the interchange station between Lines A and C, only once.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Home > Azienda - I numeri di atac - Trasporto pubblico" [Home > Company - The numbers of ATAC - Public transportation] (in Italian). ATAC. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d Marco Chiandoni (30 June 2015). "Rome metro Line C reaches Lodi". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  3. ^ http://www.ilpendolaremagazine.it/news/2015/06/27/il-settimanale-video-prossima-fermata-lodi-metro-c-roma-avvicina-centro/
  4. ^ http://www.metroxroma.it/2013/10/tratta-t3-avanti-tutta-fermarsi-costerebbe-180-mln/ (in Italian)
  5. ^ http://www.metroxroma.it/2013/09/linea-c-riaprono-i-cantieri-a-san-giovanni-nellinverno-2015/ (in Italian)
  6. ^ http://www.comune.roma.it/wps/portal/pcr?contentId=NEW449951&jp_pagecode=newsview.wp&ahew=contentId:jp_pagecode (in Italian)
  7. ^ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/05/rome-unveils-museum-metro-station-packed-hundreds-ancient-artifacts/
  8. ^ http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/04/17/world/romes-subway-eternal-project/
  9. ^ "Linee e orari di metro e ferrovie" (in Italian).
  10. ^ "Presentazione oltre Battistini" (PDF) (in Italian).
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