State of Scott

Free and Independent State of Scott
Unrecognized Territorial Enclave of the United States
1861–1986
Flag
Capital	Huntsville, Tennessee
• Type	Organized unrecognized State
History
• Established	1861
• Proposed by Senator Andrew Johnson	June 4, 1861
• Tennessee secedes from Union	June 8, 1861
• re-integration into the State of Tennessee	1986
Preceded by Succeeded by United States Tennessee United States Tennessee

The State of Scott was the result of a secessionist movement by Scott County (in the Eastern Division of Tennessee), which officially passed a proclamation during the American Civil War to secede from Tennessee and form the Free and Independent State of Scott in protest of the state's separation from the United States. Scott became an enclave community of the Union within Tennessee. Although its edict had never been officially recognized by any government, the county did not officially rescind its act of secession until 1986.

History

Tennessee was the last state to secede from the Union. On June 8, 1861, the people of Scott County, spurred on in part by a speech delivered four days earlier on the steps of the Huntsville courthouse by then-Senator (and future president) Andrew Johnson—a Democrat and himself a slave holder—voted overwhelmingly (541–19) against Tennessee's referendum on secession from the Union. Later that year, the county court voted to approve the Scott County Assembly's unanimous resolution of secession from Tennessee, while allowing the immediate formation of the "Independent State of Scott," an enclave community whose sympathies remained strongly loyal to the Union throughout the war.

Of little strategic value, the mountainous State of Scott was not the site of any fighting on a major scale during the Civil War, instead seeing mostly guerrilla warfare, bushwhacking, and skirmishing, which was often of a very vicious and violent nature.

Aftermath

The proclamation was finally repealed by Scott County in 1986. The county successfully petitioned the state of Tennessee for readmission, which was ceremonially granted, even though its secession had not been recognized by the state —nor the federal governments of either the Union or the Confederacy.

Remnants

Roadside marker

Today, a roadside marker on Highway 63, near the county seat, Huntsville, Tennessee, reads:

United States Senator Andrew Johnson delivered a speech at the Courthouse at Huntsville on June 4, 1861 against separation. At the election four days later Scott County voted against separation by the largest percentage margin of any county in Tennessee. Later that year in defiance of the state's action of secession, the county court by resolution seceded from the state and formed the Free and Independent State of Scott.

See also

• Republic of Winston, a similar area in Alabama
• Nickajack, a similar region in North Alabama and East Tennessee

Further reading

• Crofts, Daniel W; "Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis."
• Fischer, Noel C; "War at Every Door: Partisan Politics and Guerrilla Violence in East Tennessee, 1860–1869."
• Groce, W. Todd; "Mountain Rebels: East Tennessee Confederates and the Civil War, 1860–1870"
• Temple, Oliver Temple; "East Tennessee and the Civil War."
• Gason, J.H.; "Mist in the Mountains. A Chronicle of Scott County"