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The Immaculate Collection

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For the video album, see The Immaculate Collection (video).

Untitled

The Immaculate Collection is the first greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on November 9, 1990, by Sire Records and Warner Bros. Records. It contains new remixes of fifteen of her hit singles from 1983 to 1990, as well as two new tracks, "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me". The title of the album is a loose pun of the Immaculate Conception, the conception of the Virgin Mary without any stain of the original sin. This name follows Madonna's religious-themed songs and videos, as well as the second section of her Blond Ambition World Tour, which also employed religious motifs. An extended play titled The Holiday Collection was issued in Europe to accompany the compilation and the re-release of the single "Holiday". It is the first album ever to use an audio technology called QSound.[1]

The album was ranked at number one on the Blender magazine's list of "100 Greatest American Albums of All Time". In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine named the album the 184th greatest album of all time.[2] It became Madonna's second album to be certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of over 10 million copies across the United States. It spent the second highest number of consecutive weeks at number one for a female solo artist in the U.K., being at number one for a 9 week stint. The album has sold 30 million copies worldwide,[3] making it the best-selling compilation album by a solo artist and one of the best selling albums of all time. "Justify My Love", the album's first single, became Madonna's ninth number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 and was one of her most controversial singles due to its sexually explicit music video. "Rescue Me" was released as the second single and became the highest-debuting single on Hot 100 by a female artist at that time, entering the chart at number fifteen and peaking at number nine. Due to space restrictions, the compilation excludes several of her top 10 hits of the 80's, such as "Angel", "Dress You Up", "True Blue", "Who's That Girl", "Causing a Commotion", "Keep It Together" and "Hanky Panky".

Background

Originally titled Ultra Madonna, the name was changed as Warner Bros. felt that it was too similar to the name of dance artist Ultra Naté. Madonna dedicated the album to "The Pope, my divine inspiration". This led to many believing it was dedicated to Pope John Paul II, but it was actually dedicated to her brother, Christopher Ciccone, who had spent the year on tour with Madonna ("The Pope" is one of his nicknames). The production of this album is notable for its use of QSound; all songs were mixed in using it, except "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me". A QSound mix of "Justify My Love" was later released on the US maxi-single to the song.

All of the songs on The Immaculate Collection (with the exception of the two new songs) were remixed by Shep Pettibone alongside either Goh Hotoda or Michael Hutchinson and some were also edited down from their original lengths in order to decrease the overall running time. While all the vocals remain the same as in the original recordings, "Like a Prayer" and "Express Yourself" feature different music backing Madonna's vocals than their original album release. It was decided that a mixture of ballads and pop-dance hits would be included, although there wasn't space for every single that Madonna had released. "Justify My Love" became the first single to promote the album, and created a furor over the sexual video and the controversy in regards to who wrote it; poet Ingrid Chavez claimed she wrote part of the lyrics alongside credited lyricist Lenny Kravitz. The single shot to number one in the U.S. and number two in the UK. A second release, "Rescue Me", was released in early 1991, which also went top ten.

Warner Bros. released an EP in the UK and Europe titled The Holiday Collection which had the same design as The Immaculate Collection. The full-length version of "Holiday" was included alongside "True Blue", "Who's That Girl", and the Silver Screen Single mix of "Causing a Commotion". The re-released "Holiday" eventually went to No. 5 in the UK charts, while a re-release of the ballad "Crazy for You" (using the new remixed version) peaked at No. 2. Blender magazine ranked the album at number one on their list of "100 Greatest American Albums of All Time".[4] In 2003, the album was ranked number 278 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. In November 2006, the album was confirmed by the British Phonographic Industry to be the biggest selling album by a solo female artist in British history, and the tenth biggest selling album of all time in the UK by any artist.[5] On December 11, 1990, a box set entitled The Royal Box was released which included either a Cassette/VHS (US-only) or Satin CD Digipak/VHS (US, Germany/UK) with additional postcards and poster. The VHS version also included the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards performance of "Vogue".

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[6]
Robert ChristgauA+[7]
Entertainment WeeklyA[8]
Mojofavorable[9]
Rolling Stone[10]
Sputnikmusic3/5[11]

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic graded the album five out of five stars. He starts by saying that "On the surface... [the album] appears to be a definitive retrospective of Madonna's heyday in the '80s". However, his opinion is that remastering in Q-Sound, making some of the songs faster than the original versions and other changes, makes it so "while all the hits are present, they're simply not in their correct versions." Nevertheless, he concludes that "until the original single versions are compiled on another album, The Immaculate Collection is the closest thing to a definitive retrospective."[6] Jim Farber from Entertainment Weekly gave the album an A rating, saying: "More than a mere greatest-hits set, it's hands down the catchiest collection of '80s singles."[8] Ross Bennett from Mojo called the album "truly the best of best of's" and stated: "This has to be right up there with Abba Gold as a collection of singles so deeply ingrained in the collective consciousness [...] But there is no denying the pop nous behind Ms Ciccone's first 15 years of hits, here brilliantly packaged in, gasp, chronological order.[9]

Commercial response

The Immaculate Collection stayed atop the UK Albums chart for nine weeks, becoming the biggest selling UK album in 1990, also breaking the record for the longest consecutive weeks at #1 by a solo female artist, a record that would not be matched until 2011 by Adele's album 21. On March 12, 2006, the album re-entered the UK charts more than 15 years after its release at #38 (it reached #1 on its original release in 1990).[12] Madonna's Confessions on a Dance Floor was also in the top 20 at #13. In 2006, the album returned to Ireland's Top 100 Albums chart, entering at #21, charting higher than Confessions on a Dance Floor, which was at #95. On the week of April 28, 2008, the album rose 50 places from #122 to #72 on the official UK Albums Chart, the same week that Madonna's eleventh studio album Hard Candy was released internationally.

In the United States, The Immaculate Collection was certified Diamond (10× Platinum) by RIAA, becoming one of the best-selling albums in the country. In the United Kingdom, The Immaculate Collection was certified 12× Platinum by BPI for shipment of 3.6 million copies. It remained the best-selling album by a female artist in the United Kingdom for eleven years, until the release of Adele's 21 (2011).[13]

The Immaculate Collection was certified 12× Platinum by Australian Recording Industry Association, becoming one of the best-selling albums in Australia.[14] In France, the album was certified Diamond for shipment of one million copies of the album. The Immaculate Collection has sold over 30 million copies worldwide, making it Madonna's best-seller and one of the world's best-selling albums of all time. It also remains the best-selling compilation album ever released by a solo artist.[15][16][17][18]

Singles

From this album, Madonna released four singles:

# Title Date
1. "Justify My Love" November 6, 1990
2. "Crazy for You" (Remix) (UK) February 19, 1991
3. "Rescue Me" February 26, 1991
4. "Holiday" / The Holiday Collection (UK re-release) June 4, 1991

Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Holiday"
John "Jellybean" Benitez4:04
2."Lucky Star"MadonnaReggie Lucas3:39
3."Borderline"LucasLucas4:00
4."Like a Virgin"
Nile Rodgers3:11
5."Material Girl"
Rodgers3:53
6."Crazy for You"
Benitez3:45
7."Into the Groove"
4:10
8."Live to Tell"
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
5:19
9."Papa Don't Preach"
  • Brian Elliot
  • Madonna[b]
  • Madonna
  • Bray
4:11
10."Open Your Heart"
  • Madonna
  • Gardner Cole
  • Peter Rafelson
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:51
11."La Isla Bonita"
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Bruce Gaitsch
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:48
12."Like a Prayer"
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Pettibone[a]
5:51
13."Express Yourself"
  • Madonna
  • Bray
  • Madonna
  • Bray
  • Pettibone[a]
4:04
14."Cherish"
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:52
15."Vogue"
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
  • Craig Kostich[c]
5:18
16."Justify My Love"
  • Kravitz
  • André Betts[d]
5:35
17."Rescue Me"
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
5:31
iTunes Store edition[19]
No.TitleLength
1."Holiday"4:05
2."Lucky Star" (US Remix Version)7:15
3."Borderline" (Remix)5:17
4."Like a Virgin"3:11
5."Material Girl"3:53
6."Crazy for You"3:45
7."Into the Groove"4:09
8."Live to Tell"5:18
9."Papa Don't Preach"4:09
10."Open Your Heart"3:51
11."La Isla Bonita" (Remix)3:47
12."Like a Prayer"5:51
13."Express Yourself"4:04
14."Cherish"3:52
15."Vogue"5:17
16."Justify My Love"5:00
17."Rescue Me"5:31
Notes
  • ^a signifies an additional producer
  • ^b signifies additional lyrics by
  • ^c signifies an executive producer
  • ^d signifies an associate producer
  • All tracks are remixed using QSound, with the exception of "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me".
  • Chavez sued Kravitz in July 1991, claiming that she wrote "Justify My Love" but received no credit. She received an out-of-court settlement and gained a co-writing credit.[20]
  • In an interview with website Madonna Tribe, Tony Shimkin, who co-wrote seven songs from Madonna's Erotica, claimed that he co-wrote "Rescue Me" but never received credit for it.[21]

Formats

  • CD — containing the 17-track compilation album.
  • CD Limited Edition Box Set — The Royal Box containing a Satin Digi-Pak CD with VHS containing "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards), a 24" × 36" color poster and postcard assortment, housed in a lingerie-inspired LP sized box.[22]
  • CD Limited Edition Gold Edition — Rare 1995 Taiwanese exclusive limited 'Gold' edition in a unique gold-bordered slipcase.[23]
  • Cassette — containing the 17-track compilation album.
  • Cassette Limited Edition Box Set — The Royal Box containing the Cassette version with VHS containing "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards), a 24" × 36" color poster and postcard assortment, housed in a lingerie-inspired LP sized box.[22]
  • LP  — double disc, containing 17 tracks.
  • LP Limited Edition Picture Disc — UK double picture disc, containing 17 tracks.[24]
  • Mini Disc — 17-track compilation, released October 25, 1999.[25]
  • VHS — 13-track video compilation, contains "Oh Father", not included on the audio releases, and "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards).
  • Laserdisc — 13-track double disc video compilation, contains "Oh Father", not included on the audio releases and "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards).
  • VCD — Asia only, 13-track video compilation, contains "Oh Father", not included on the audio releases and "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards).
  • DVD — 13-track video compilation released in November 1999, contains "Oh Father", not included on the audio releases and "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards).[26]
  • iTunes version — released digitally in 2005, contains different versions of: "Lucky Star" (U.S. remix) – 7:15, "Borderline" (remix) – 5:18 and "Like a Prayer" (extended 12" version) – 7:24; all other tracks are the same as the original release.

The Holiday Collection

The Holiday Collection is an EP by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released as an accompanying title to the greatest hits package The Immaculate Collection only in the United Kingdom in 1991 by Sire Records.[27][28] The EP was a CD and Cassette maxi-single with "Holiday" as the lead track. It includes three tracks which were omitted from The Immaculate Collection and had been big hits in the UK; "True Blue" (#1), "Who's That Girl" (#1) and "Causing a Commotion" (#4). This was the third time "Holiday" had entered the UK Singles Chart, the first in 1984 reaching number six and the second in 1985 where it reached number two, only being kept off the top spot by her own single "Into the Groove"). This time it reached number five. Some weeks after the CD was released, a very limited cassette was also released, with the same track listing.

UK CD / Cassette single
  1. "Holiday" (album version) – 6:09
  2. "True Blue" (album version) – 4:17
  3. "Who's That Girl" (album version) – 3:58
  4. "Causin' a Commotion" (Silver Screen single mix) – 4:06

Charts

Sales and certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[62] 3× Platinum 180,000^
Australia (ARIA)[63] 12× Platinum 880,000[64]
Austria (IFPI Austria)[65] Platinum 50,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[67] 2× Platinum 1,000,000[66]
Canada (Music Canada)[68] 7× Platinum 700,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[69] Platinum 80,000^
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[70] Platinum 92,500[70]
France (SNEP)[72] Diamond 1,114,700[71]
Germany (BVMI)[73] 3× Gold 750,000^
Japan (RIAJ)[74] 4× Platinum 800,000^
Mexico (AMPROFON)[75] 3× Platinum 750,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[76] 3× Platinum 300,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[77] 7× Platinum 105,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[38] 3× Platinum 300,000^
Sweden (GLF)[78] Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[79] Platinum 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[80] 12× Platinum 3,600,000^
United States (RIAA)[81] Diamond 10,000,000^

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

References

  1. ^ "QSound Chronology". Qsound.com. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  2. ^ "#184 The Immaculate Collection". Rolling Stone. November 1, 2003. Retrieved June 18, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ The Irish Times http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2012/0323/1224313742569.html. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ "100 Greatest American Albums of All Time". Blender. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  5. ^ The UK's Bestselling Albums
  6. ^ a b The Immaculate Collection at AllMusic
  7. ^ Robert Christgau review
  8. ^ a b Entertainment Weekly review
  9. ^ a b http://www.mojo4music.com/blog/2008/12/madonna.html
  10. ^ Rolling Stone review
  11. ^ Butler, Nick (January 16, 2005). "Madonna — The Immaculate Collection (staff review) | Sputnikmusic". sputnikmusic.com. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  12. ^ Madonna Tribe Live News
  13. ^ Presenter: Tony Blackburn (April 9, 2012). "Tony Blackburn with the UK's Bestselling Albums". BBC. BBC Radio 2. Retrieved April 10, 2012. {{cite episode}}: Missing or empty |series= (help)
  14. ^ http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display_catalogue_album.asp?chart=1X50
  15. ^ Arthington, Mirra (October 7, 2007). "Warner finds solace in farewell CD". Music Week. 32 (09). London: 21. ISSN 0265-1548. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  16. ^ Mitchell, John (August 16, 2011). "Happy Birthday, Madonna!". MTV (MTV Networks). Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  17. ^ "The top 20 fastest-selling albums - 13. Madonna: The Immaculate Collection". Virgin Media. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
  18. ^ Kawaguchi, Judith (October 23, 2007). "Words to Live by: Goh Hotoda". The Japan Times. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
  19. ^ https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-immaculate-collection/id80812428
  20. ^ "Settlement Reached in Lawsuit over 'Justify My Love' Credit". Associated Press. January 29, 1992. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  21. ^ "Madonna Tribe meets Tony Shimkin". Madonna Tribe. October 20, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  22. ^ a b "Madonna — The Royal Box (CD) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  23. ^ "Madonna — The Immaculate Collection (CD) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  24. ^ "Madonna — The Immaculate Collection (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  25. ^ "Immaculate Collection [MINIDISC]: Madonna: Amazon.co.uk: Music". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  26. ^ "Madonna — The Immaculate Collection (DVD) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  27. ^ Rooksby, Rikky (2004). The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-9883-3.
  28. ^ Morton, Andrew (2002). Madonna: A Biography. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0-312-98310-7.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g "Madonna – The Immaculate Collection (Album)". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  30. ^ "Item Display — RPM — Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  31. ^ "Decenniumlijst Jaren '90 (3276)" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. November 24, 1990. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
  32. ^ "French Albums Chart: Search for Madonna" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. January 18, 1991. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  33. ^ "Musik-Charts durchsuchen" (in German). Media Control Charts. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  34. ^ MAHASZ
  35. ^ "Madonna: Discografia Italiana". Federation of the Italian Music Industry. HitParadeItalia. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  36. ^ "ウルトラ・マドンナ－グレイテスト・ヒッツ" (in Japanese). Oricon. June 10, 1990. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  37. ^ "Top 100 México — Los más vendidos" (PDF). AMPROFON. June 25, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
  38. ^ a b Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  39. ^ a b c "1990-11-24 Top 40 Official UK Albums Archive". Official Charts. November 24, 1990. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  40. ^ https://www.billboard.com/artist/madonna/chart-history/
  41. ^ http://acharts.us/belgium_albums_top_50/2003/20
  42. ^ http://acharts.us/swiss_albums_top_100/2003/20
  43. ^ http://acharts.us/denmark_albums_top_40/2006/35
  44. ^ http://acharts.us/ireland_albums_top_100/2014/05
  45. ^ http://www.irma.ie/charts_archive/week18_08.asp
  46. ^ http://acharts.us/italy_albums_top_100/2008/37
  47. ^ http://acharts.us/spain_albums_top_100/2008/19
  48. ^ http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2014&year=2014&week=4
  49. ^ http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5893985/grammy-awards-rock-charts-daft-punk-returns-to-top-10-on-billboard-200
  50. ^ "ARIA Charts — End of Year Charts — Top 50 Albums 1990". aria.com.au. Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  51. ^ "Top 100 Albums of 1990". RPM. December 22, 1990. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  52. ^ "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1991" (in Dutch). Dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  53. ^ "Hit Parade Italia – Gli album più venduti del 1990" (in Italian). hitparadeitalia.itaccessdate=2014-04-28.
  54. ^ a b "Everyhit.com: UK Year-End Album Charts". Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  55. ^ "ARIA Charts — End of Year Charts — Top 50 Albums 1990". aria.com.au. Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  56. ^ "RPM 100 Albums (CDs & Cassettes) of 1991". RPM. December 21, 1991. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  57. ^ "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1991" (in Dutch). Dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  58. ^ 1991年 アルバム年間TOP100 "Oricon Year-end Albums Chart of 1991" (in Japanese). Retrieved April 28, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  59. ^ "Hitparade.ch – Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1991". Hung Medien. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  60. ^ "Billboard.BIZ  – Year-end Charts – Billboard 200 – 1991". billboard.biz. Archived from the original on December 6, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  61. ^ "Top 10 selling albums of the 1990s in the UK". Evening Chronicle. Newcastle upon Tyne: Trinity Mirror. August 16, 2003. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  62. ^ "Discos de oro y platino" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2012.
  63. ^ "ARIA Catalogue Albums Chart". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved October 6, 2012.
  64. ^ Dale, David (January 13, 2013). "The music Australia loved". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  65. ^ "Austrian album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in German). IFPI Austria.
  66. ^ "Rock And Roll". rockandroll.gr. Archived from the original on August 6, 2010. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  67. ^ "Brazilian album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil.
  68. ^ "Canadian album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Music Canada.
  69. ^ "Danish album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". IFPI Danmark.
  70. ^ a b "Madonna" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland.
  71. ^ "Les Albums Diamant :" (in French). Infodisc.fr. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
  72. ^ "French album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique.
  73. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Madonna; 'The Immaculate Collection')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  74. ^ "The Record: April 1998 (Gold Album-Page 9)" (PDF). RIAJ. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  75. ^ "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Type Madonna in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and The Immaculate Collection in the box under the TÍTULO column heading.
  76. ^ "Dutch album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter The Immaculate Collection in the "Artiest of titel" box.
  77. ^ THE FIELD id (chart number) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.
  78. ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2011.
  79. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('The Immaculate Collection')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
  80. ^ "British album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type The Immaculate Collection in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  81. ^ "American album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Recording Industry Association of America.
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