Tucanoan languages

Tukánoan
Tukánoan
Geographic; distribution	Amazon
Linguistic classification	One of the world's primary language families
Subdivisions	Eastern; Western; Cubeo; Miriti;
Language codes
Glottolog	tuca1253
	East Tukano (nuclear green), Central Tukano (turquoise green) and West Tukano (dark green). Spots indicates actual locations of the different languages. The shadowed area intendes extension before the 20th century.

Tucanoan (also Tukanoan, Tukánoan) is a language family of Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

Classification

There are two dozen Tucanoan languages:

Western Tucanoan^[1]
- Correguaje (also known as Coreguaje, Caquetá, Korewahe, Koreguaje)
- ?Tama (†)
- Napo
  - Orejón (also known as Coto, Payoguaje, Payaguá, Koto, Payowahe, Payawá, M`áíhɨ̃ki)
  - Siona–Secoya (Upper Napo)
    - ?Macaguaje (AKA Kakawahe, Piohé) (†)
    - Siona (Siona, Sioni, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Tetete)
    - Secoya (Piohé, Secoya, Siona-Secoya)
Central Tucanoan^{[citation needed]}
- Cubeo (also known as Cuveo, Kobeua, Kubewa)
- Tanimuca (also known as Retuarã)
Eastern Tucanoan^{[citation needed]}
- South
  - Macuna (also known as Buhagana, Wahana, Makuna-Erulia, Makuna)
  - Barasana (also known as Paneroa, Eduria, Edulia, Comematsa, Janera, Taibano, Taiwaeno, Taiwano)
- Central
  - ?Yupuá-Duriña (†)
  - Desano–Siriano (AKA Desano)
  - Bara: Waimajã–Yurutí–Tuyuka (AKA Pocanga, Pakang, Tejuca, Teyuka, Tuyuca, Bara)
  - Tatuyo–Pisamira–Carapano (AKA Carapana, Karapana)
- North
  - Tucano (also known as Tukana, Dasea)
  - Guanano (also known as Wanana, Wanano, Kotedia, Kotiria, Wanana-Pirá)
  - Piratapuyo (also known as Waikina, Uiquina)
?Miriti (†)
?Cueretú (also known as Kueretú) (†)
?Yauna (also known as Jaúna, Yahuna, Yaúna) (†)

Most languages are, or were, spoken in Colombia.

Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.

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