Central Kalimantan
Central Kalimantan
Kalimantan Tengah | |
|---|---|
| Province of Central Kalimantan | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): Isen Mulang (Ngaju) Persistent | |
 | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
| Coordinates: 2°13′S 113°55′E / 2.217°S 113.917°E | |
| Capital and largest city | Palangka Raya |
| Government | |
| • Body | Central Kalimantan Provincial Government |
| • Governor | Sugianto Sabran |
| • Vice Governor | Edy Pratowo |
| Area | |
| • Total | 153,564.5 km2 (59,291.6 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 1st |
| Highest elevation (Mount Raya) | 2,300 m (7,546 ft) |
| Population (2020 Census)[1] | |
| • Total | 2,670,000 |
| • Density | 17/km2 (45/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic groups | 46% Dayak 22% Javanese 21% Banjarese 3.9% Malay 1.9% Madurese 4.8% other[3] |
| • Religion (2021)[4] | 74.11% Islam 16.67% Protestant 5.84% Hindu/Kaharingan 3.23% Catholic 0.11% Buddhism 0.1% other[4][5] |
| • Languages | Indonesian (official) Malay Bugis Dayak Chinese (Hakka and Teochew) |
| Time zone | WIB (UTC+7) |
| HDI 2019 |  0.709 (High) |
| HDI rank | 21st in Indonesia (2019) |
| Website | kalteng.go.id |
Central Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. Its provincial capital is Palangka Raya and in 2010 its population was over 2.2 million,[6][incomplete short citation] while the 2015 Intermediate Census showed a rise to 2.49 million and the 2020 Census showed a total of 2.67 million.[7]
The population growth rate was almost 3.0% per annum between 1990 and 2000, one of the highest provincial growth rates in Indonesia during that time; in the subsequent decade to 2010 the average annual growth rate slowed markedly to around 1.8%, but it rose again in the decade beginning 2010. More than is the case in other province in the region, Central Kalimantan is populated by the Dayaks, the indigenous inhabitants of Borneo.
History
Since the eighteenth century the central region of Kalimantan and its Dayak inhabitants were ruled by the Muslim Sultanate of Banjar. Following Indonesian independence after World War II, Dayak tribes demanded a province separate from South Kalimantan province.[8]
In 1957 South Kalimantan was divided to provide the Dayak population with greater autonomy from the Muslim population in the province. The change was approved by the Indonesian Government on 23 May 1957 under Presidential Law No. 10 Year 1957, which declared Central Kalimantan the seventeenth province of Indonesia. President Sukarno appointed the Dayak-born national hero Tjilik Riwut as the first Governor and Palangkaraya the provincial capital.[9]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 701,936 | — |
| 1980 | 954,353 | +36.0% |
| 1990 | 1,396,486 | +46.3% |
| 1995 | 1,627,453 | +16.5% |
| 2000 | 1,801,965 | +10.7% |
| 2005 | 1,914,900 | +6.3% |
| 2010 | 2,212,089 | +15.5% |
| 2015 | 2,490,178 | +12.6% |
| 2020 | 2,670,000 | +7.2% |
| Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2021 | ||
Geography
Central Kalimantan is the largest Indonesian province by area with a size of 153,564.5 km2 (59,291.6 sq mi), about 1.5 times the size of the island of Java. It is bordered by West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces to the north, by the Java Sea to the south, by South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces to the east, and by West Kalimantan province to west.
The Schwaner Mountains stretch from the north-east of the province to the south-west, 80% of which is covered in dense forest, peatland swamps, mangroves, rivers and traditional agriculture land. Highland areas in the north-east are remote and not easily accessible. Non-volcanic mounts are scattered in this area including Kengkabang, Samiajang, Liang Pahang and Ulu Gedang.
The centre of the province is covered with tropical forest, which produces rattan, resin and valuable timber such as Ulin and Meranti. The southern lowlands are dominated by peatland swamps that intersect with many rivers. Sabangau National Park is a protected peatland area internationally acknowledged as sanctuary for the endangered Orangutan. Recently the peat swamp forests have been damaged by the Mega Rice Project, which unsuccessfully sought to turn large areas into rice paddies.
The province's climate is wet weather equatorial zone with an eight-month rainy season, and 4 months of dry season. Rainfall or precipitation is 2,776—3,393 mm per year with an average of 145 rainy days annually.[citation needed]
Rivers
 |
Central Kalimantan has numerous rivers from the catchment areas to the north in the Schwaner Mountains, flowing to the Java Sea. The major rivers include:
- Barito River (900 km)
- Kapuas River (600 km)
- Kahayan River (600 km)
- Katingan River (600 km)
- Mentaya (Sampit) River (400 km)
- Seruyan River (350 km)
- Lamandau River (300 km)
- Arut River (250 km)
- Sabangau River (200 km)
- Kumai River (179 km)
- Jelai River (100 km)
Rivers are an important mode of transportation and a primary location for settlement. With relatively undeveloped infrastructure, the province's economy relies heavily on the rivers.[citation needed]
Administrative divisions
Central Kalimantan is administratively divided into thirteen regencies (kabupaten) - each headed by a regent - and one city (kotamadya), the latter being Palangka Raya (the provincial capital). These are as follows:
| Name | Area in km2 |
Population 2000 Census |
Population 2010 Census |
Population 2020 Census |
Capital | HDI[10] 2019 estimate |
Location Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palangkaraya City | 2,399.50 | 158,770 | 220,962 | 293,500 | Palangkaraya | 0.808 (Very High) |  |
| East Barito Regency (Barito Timur) |
3,834.00 | 71,907 | 97,372 | 113,200 | Tamiang Layang | 0.713 (High) |  |
| East Kotawaringin Regency (Kotawaringin Timur) |
16,796.00 | 308,765 | 374,175 | 428,900 | Sampit | 0.712 (High) |  |
| Gunung Mas Regency | 10,804.00 | 74,823 | 96,990 | 135,400 | Kuala Kurun | 0.707 (High) |  |
| Kapuas Regency | 14,999.00 | 325,243 | 329,646 | 410,400 | Kuala Kapuas | 0.694 (Medium) |  |
| Katingan Regency | 17,500.00 | 121,047 | 146,439 | 162,200 | Kasongan | 0.686 (Medium) |  |
| Lamandau Regency | 6,414.00 | 47,969 | 63,199 | 97,600 | Nanga Bulik | 0.705 (High) |  |
| Murung Raya Regency | 23,700.00 | 74,050 | 96,857 | 111,500 | Purukcahu | 0.679 (Medium) |  |
| North Barito Regency (Barito Utara) |
8,300.00 | 109,273 | 121,573 | 154,800 | Muara Teweh | 0.705 (High) |  |
| Pulang Pisau Regency | 8,997.00 | 111,488 | 120,062 | 134,500 | Pulang Pisau | 0.683 (Medium) |  |
| Seruyan Regency | 16,404.00 | 92,037 | 139,931 | 162,900 | Kuala Pembuang | 0.676 (Medium) |  |
| South Barito Regency (Barito Selatan) |
8,830.00 | 108,560 | 124,128 | 131,100 | Buntok | 0.701 (High) |  |
| Sukamara Regency | 3,827.00 | 29,561 | 44,952 | 63,500 | Sukamara | 0.680 (Medium) |  |
| West Kotawaringin Regency (Kotawaringin Barat) |
10,759.00 | 168,472 | 235,803 | 270,400 | Pangkalan Bun | 0.729 (High) |  |
| Totals | 153,564.50 | 1,801,965 | 2,212,089 | 2,670,000 | Palangka Raya | 0.709 (High) |
In addition to the civil service, Central Kalimantan also recognises a traditional governing system led by traditional leaders known as Demang. The province is divided into 67 traditional law areas known as Kademangan, headed by Demang. The system is intended to culturally recognise and preserve the customs and heritage of the Dayak tribes.[citation needed]
Railroads
 | This section needs to be updated. (February 2021) |
A Russian company had been contracted to build railroads from Central Kalimantan to East Kalimantan for coal transportation, with an estimated cost of US$2.4 billion, that was expected to start in 2013 and be completed by 2017.[11]
Demographics
Religion
Ethnic groups
The three major Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan are the Ngaju, Ot Danum and Dusun Ma'anyan Ot Siang. The three major tribes extended into several branches of prominent Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan such as Lawangan, Taboyan, Dusun Siang, Boyan, Bantian, Dohoi and Kadori.
In addition to the indigenous Dayak tribes, there are also ethnic groups from other areas of Indonesia, including Malays, Javanese, Madurese, Batak, Toraja, Ambonese, Bugis, Palembang, Minang, Banjarese, Makassar, Papuan, Balinese, Acehnese and also Chinese.
| Ethnic group | Islam | Christian | Hindu | Other | % of population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banjarese | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 24.6% |
| Javanese | 96% | 4% | 0% | 0% | 18.8% |
| Ngaju Dayak | 43% | 44% | 13% | 0% | 18.0% |
| Sampit Dayak | 82% | 9% | 9% | 0% | 9.6% |
| Bakumpai | 99% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 7.5% |
| Madurese | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3.5% |
| Katingan Dayak | 37% | 22% | 32% | 9% | 3.3% |
| Maanyan | 4% | 86% | 9% | 1% | 2.8% |
| Tomun Dayak | 18% | 56% | 17% | 2% | 2.2% |
| Sundanese | 99% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 1.4% |
| Dusun Dayak | 9% | 29% | 63% | 0% | 1.1% |
| Siang Dayak | 6% | 40% | 48% | 4% | 0.9% |
| Manyan Dayak | 20% | 70% | 10% | 0% | 0.7% |
| Ot Danum | 10% | 51% | 38% | 0% | 0.6% |
| Other non-Dayak | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.3% |
| Other Dayak | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5.0% |
See also
References
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ Leo Suryadinata; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; Aris Ananta (2003). Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
- ^ Aris Ananta; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; M. Sairi Hasbullah; Nur Budi Handayani; Agus Pramono (2015). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
- ^ a b c BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah/BPS-Statistics of Kalimantan Tengah Province. Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Dalam Angka 2018/Kalimantan Tengah Province in Figures 2018 (in Indonesian and English). BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah/BPS-Statistics of Kalimantan Tengah Province. Retrieved 13 September 2018 – via BPS Kalimantan Tengah.
- ^ a b "Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020". www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- ^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ Profile Central Kalimantan Province. Central Kalimantan Province Tourism and Culture Board. September 2001.
- ^ Riwut, Nila; et al. (2003). Maneser Panatau Tatu Huang. Palangkaraya: Pusaka Lima. ISBN 979-97999-1-0.
- ^ "Pembangunan Manusia". BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah (in Indonesian).
- ^ "Russian Firm Signs MoU to Build $2.4 Billion Railway". The Jakarta Post. February 8, 2012.
- ^ Chalmers, Ian (2006). "The Dynamics of Conversion: The Islamisation of the Dayak Peoples of Central Kalimantan". In Vickers, A.; Hanlon, M. (eds.). Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia (ASAA): Asia Reconstructed, Jun 26–29 2006. Wollongong, NSW: Australian National University. hdl:20.500.11937/35283.
External links
- Official website (in Indonesian)
- Official statistics for the province provided by Statistics Indonesia may be accessed (in Indonesian) at BPS-Statistics of Kalimantan Tengah Province.
Capital: Palangka Raya | ||
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