Kaluga

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For other uses, see Kaluga (disambiguation).
Kaluga (English)
Калуга (Russian)
-  City[citation needed]  -
Map of Russia - Kaluga Oblast (2008-03).svg
Location of Kaluga Oblast in Russia
Kaluga is located in Kaluga Oblast
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Kaluga
Location of Kaluga in Kaluga Oblast
Coordinates: 54°33′N 36°17′E / 54.55°N 36.283°E / 54.55; 36.283Coordinates: 54°33′N 36°17′E / 54.55°N 36.283°E / 54.55; 36.283
Coat of Arms of Kaluga.png
Flag of Kaluga.png
Coat of arms
Flag
City Day Second Saturday of September[citation needed]
Administrative status (as of October 2011)
Country Russia
Federal subject Kaluga Oblast
Administratively subordinated to City of Kaluga[1]
Administrative center of Kaluga Oblast,[1] City of Kaluga[1]
Municipal status (as of October 2011)
Urban okrug Kaluga Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of Kaluga Urban Okrug[2]
City Head[citation needed] Nikolay Lyubimov[citation needed]
Representative body City Duma[citation needed]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census,
preliminary)		 325,185 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2010 55th
Population (2002 Census) 334,751 inhabitants[4]
- Rank in 2002 53rd
Time zone MSD (UTC+04:00)[5]
Founded 1371[citation needed]
Postal code(s) 248xxx[citation needed]
Dialing code(s) +7 4842[citation needed]
Official website
Kaluga on WikiCommons
Central Kaluga
Moscow State Technical University in Kaluga
Kaluga Oblast Administration Building
Space Museum in Kaluga

Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast,[1] Russia, located on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Population: 325,185 (2010 Census preliminary results);[3] 334,751 (2002 Census);[4] 311,319 (1989 Census).[6]

It is served by Grabtsevo Airport.

Contents

[edit] History

Kaluga was founded in the mid-14th century as a border fortress on the southwestern borders of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. It was first mentioned by its present name in 1371. In the Middle Ages, Kaluga was a minor settlement owned by the Princes Vorotynsky. The ancestral home of these princes is located south-west from the modern city.

Kaluga is connected to Moscow by a railway line and the ancient roadway, the Kaluga Road (now partly within Moscow (as Starokaluzhskoye Shosse), partly the A101 road). This road was the favoured escape route from the Moscow trap for Napoleon in the fall of 1812. But General Kutuzov repelled Napoleon's advances in this direction and forced the retreating French army onto the old Smolensk road, previously devastated by the French during their invasion of Russia.

Kaluga was occupied by the Nazi armies in 1941.

In 1944, the Soviet Government used its local military buildings to intern hundreds of Polish POWs—soldiers of the Polish Underground Home Army—who were arrested by advancing Soviet front in the Vilno district.

Kaluga is known for its most famous resident, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a rocket science pioneer who worked here as a school teacher. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: "The Cradle of Space Exploration".

[edit] Administrative and municipal status

Administratively, along with seventy-two rural localities, it is incorporated as the City of Kaluga—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] Municipally, the City of Kaluga, along with one rural locality in Ferzikovsky District, is incorporated as Kaluga Urban Okrug.[2]

[edit] Economy

In recent years Kaluga has become one of the centers of the Russian automotive industry, with a number of foreign companies opening assembly plants in the area.

On November 28, 2007, Volkswagen Group opened a new assembly plant in Kaluga, with further expansion plans planned to be completed by, or during, 2009. The investment has reached more than 500 million Euro. The plant currently assembles the Volkswagen Passat and Škoda Octavia. Planned annual capacity from 2009: up to 150,000 vehicles.[7]

On October 15, 2007, the Volvo Group broke ground on a new truck assembly plant, scheduled to be finished in early 2009.[dated info] Once completed the plant is expected to have yearly capacity of 10,000 Volvo and 5,000 Renault trucks.[8]

On December 12, 2007, PSA Peugeot Citroën announced its decision to build a new assembly plant in Kaluga.[9] By March 2010 the plant was operational, building Peugeot 308s for the Russian market and would also produce Citroën and Mitsubishi models.[10]

[edit] Transport

Public transportation is represented by the trolleybuses, buses, and marshrutkas.

[edit] Notable people

[edit] International relations

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

[edit] Twin towns and sister cities

Kaluga is twinned with:

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Charter of Kaluga Oblast
  2. ^ a b c Law #7-OZ
  3. ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  4. ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  5. ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
  6. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
  7. ^ [1]
  8. ^ New Volvo Group assembly plant in Kaluga, Volvo Group corporate news, October 15, 2007
  9. ^ PSA Peugeot Citroën to Build Plant in Kaluga, Russia, PSA Peugeot Citroën press release, December 12, 2007
  10. ^ RIA Novosti 26 March 2010
  11. ^ "Ими гордится Калуга ("They Bring Pride to Kaluga")" (in Russian). Kaluga: Office of the Affairs of the Mayor of Kaluga. http://www.kaluga-gov.ru/index.php?do=cat&category=imi_gorditsja_kaluga. Retrieved 2009-10-01. 
  12. ^ [2]

[edit] Sources

  • Законодательное Собрание Калужской области. №473 27 марта 1996 г. «Устав Калужской области», в ред. Закона №192-ОЗ от 28 октября 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Устав Калужской области». Опубликован: "Весть", №79, 9 апреля 1996 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kaluga Oblast. #473 March 27, 1996 Charter of Kaluga Oblast, as amended by the Law #192-OZ of October 28, 2011 On Amending the Charter of Kaluga Oblast. ).
  • Законодательное Собрание Калужской области. Закон №7-ОЗ от 28 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории административно-территориальных единиц "Бабынинский район", "Боровский район", "Дзержинский район", "Жиздринский район", "Жуковский район", "Износковский район", "Козельский район", "Малоярославецкий район", "Мосальский район", "Ферзиковский район", "Хвастовичский район", "город Калуга", "город Обнинск", и наделении их статусом городского поселения, сельского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района», в ред. Закона №203-ОЗ от 28 октября 2011 г «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Калужской области в части уточнения наименований населённых пунктов, расположенных на территории административно-территориальных единиц Калужской области "Боровский район", "Думиничский район", "Жуковский район", "Кировский район", "Малоярославецкий район", "Мосальский район" Калужской области». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования, за исключением положений о муниципальном образовании "Город Калуга", для которых установлены иные сроки вступления в силу. Опубликован: "Весть", №402–404, 29 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kaluga Oblast. Law #7-OZ of December 28, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Located on the Territory of the Administrative-Territorial Units of "Babyninsky District", "Borovsky District", "Dzerzhinsky District", "Zhizdrinsky District", "Zhukovsky District", "Iznoskovsky District", "Kozelsky District", "Maloyaroslavetsky District", "Mosalsky District", "Ferzikovsky District", "Khvastovichsky District", "City of Kaluga", "City of Obninsk", and on Granting Them the Status of an Urban Settlement, Rural Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District, as amended by the Law #203-OZ of October 28, 2011 On Amending Parts of Several Laws of Kaluga Oblast Dealing with the Names of the Inhabited Localities Located on the Territory of the Administrative-Territorial Units of "Borovsky District", "Duminichsky District", "Zhukovsky District", "Kirovsky District", "Maloyaroslavetsky District", "Mosalsky District" of Kaluga Oblast. Effective as of after the official publication, with the exception of the clauses regarding the municipal formation of the "City of Kaluga", for which different dates of taking effect are specified.).

[edit] External links
Coat of arms of Kaluga Oblast
 Cities and towns
Flag of Kaluga Oblast
Districts
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