Automotive industry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. In 2008, more than 70 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide.[1]
In 2007, a total of 71.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide: 22.9 million in Europe, 21.4 million in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 million in USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 2.4 million in the Middle East and 1.4 million in Africa.[2] The markets in North America and Japan were stagnant, while those in South America and Asia grew strongly. Of the major markets, Russia, Brazil, India and China saw the most rapid growth.
About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India.[3] In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments.[citation needed] Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars.[4][5][6] The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.
In 2008, with rapidly rising oil prices, industries such as the automotive industry, are experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material costs and changes in consumer buying habits. The industry is also facing increasing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage.[7] Roughly half of the US's fifty one light vehicle plants are projected to permanently close in the coming years with the loss of another 200,000 jobs in the sector, on top of the 560,000 jobs lost this decade.[8]
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] Brazil
The Brazilian automotive industry produced almost 3 million vehicles in 2007. Most of large global companies are present in Brazil, such as Fiat, Volkswagen, Ford, GM, Nissan, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Mercedes-Benz, Renault etc, and also the emerging national companies such as Troller, Marcopolo S.A., Agrale, Randon among others. The Brazilian industry in regulated by the Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Anfavea), created in 1956, which includes Auto makers (automobiles, light vehicles, trucks and buses)and Agriculture machines with factories in Brazil. Anfavea is part of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), based in Paris.
[edit] Britain
The British motor industry has always been export oriented[citation needed]. Today it employs about 850,000 people and produces about 1.5 million cars and 216,000 commercial vehicles per year, 75% of which are exported.[9] The top five UK car producers are Nissan, Toyota, Honda, MINI and Land Rover.[10] However, international competitiveness of UK cars have declined consistently since the 1990s and the country became unable to sustain production on par with Germany or France. Since 2000, motor vehicle production fell from 1,813,894 to 1,750,253.[11] The country was overtaken by fast industrializing economies such as Brazil, India and Mexico.[11] The UK is the 12th largest automobile producer in the world but Russia is poised to overtake it in 2008.[11]
[edit] Canada
| It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Automotive industry in the United States. (Discuss) |
Canada is currently the 9th largest auto producer in the world, down from 7th a few years ago. Brazil and Spain recently surpassed Canadian production for the first time ever. Canada's highest ranking ever was 2nd largest producer in the world between 1918 and 1923. The Canadian auto industry traces its roots to the very beginning of the automobile. The first large-scale production of automobiles in Canada took place in Walkerville, near Windsor, Ontario in 1904. In the first year of operations, Gordon McGregor and Wallace Campbell, along with a handful of workmen produced 117 Model "C" Ford vehicles at the Walkerville Wagon Works factory. Through marquees such as Brooks Steam, Redpath, Tudhope, McKay, Galt Gas-Electric, Gray-Dort, Brockville Atlas, C.C.M., and McLaughlin, Canada had many domestic auto brands. In 1918 McLaughlin was bought by an American firm, General Motors, and was re-branded as General Motors of Canada. Driven by the demands of World War I, Canada's automotive industry had grown, by 1923, into the second-largest in the world, although it was still comprised of relatively inefficient plants producing many models behind a high tariff wall. High consumer prices and production inefficiencies characterized the Canadian auto industry prior to the signing of the 1965 Automotive Products Trade Agreement with the United States. The 1964 Automotive Products Trade Agreement or “Auto Pact” represents the single most important factor in making the Canadian automotive industry what it is today: a strong, successful industry that has a significant positive impact on the Canadian economy. Key features of the Auto Pact were the 1:1 production to sales ratio and Canadian Value Added requirements. Magna International is Canada's biggest domestic firm in the sector, and is the world's third-largest auto parts firm, producing entire vehicles at its Magna Steyr plant in Austria.
[edit] China
China's automobile industry is in rapid development since the year 2000. In 2008, 9.345 million motor vehicles were manufactured in China, surpassing United States as the second largest automobile maker, after Japan. Moreover, due to the current financial crisis, China was the largest automobile market in the world for the first half of year 2009, with total sale of 6.1 million vehicles. China may surpass United States and become the largest car market for the whole year of 2009. The top 5 car sellers are Volkswagen, GM, Toyota, Nissan and Chery.
[edit] Germany
The automobile was invented in Germany by Carl Benz. Furthermore, the four-stroke internal combustion engine used in most automobiles worldwide today was invented by Nikolaus Otto in Germany. In addition, the diesel engine was also invented by German Rudolf Diesel. Germany is famous for the high-performance and high-quality sports cars made by Porsche, and the cars of Mercedes-Benz are famous for their quality, safety and technological innovation. Daimler-Benz is the industry's oldest firm, building automobiles since the late 1880s;[citation needed] its current structure dates from 1926. In 1998 it bought the American automobile manufacturer Chrysler, then sold out in 2007 at a heavy loss as it never managed to bring the division to long term profitability. In the popular market, Opel and Volkswagen are most well known. Opel was a bicycle company that started making cars in 1898; General Motors bought it out in 1929, but the Nazi government took control and GM wrote off its entire investment. In 1948 GM returned and restored the Opel brand. Volkswagen is dominant in the popular market; it purchased Audi in 1964. VW's most famous car was the small, beetle-shaped economical "people's car" with a rear-mounted, air-cooled engine. It was designed in the 1930s by Ferdinand Porsche upon orders from Adolf Hitler, who was himself a car enthusiast. However production models appeared only after the war; until then only rich Germans had automobiles. By 1950 Volkswagen was the largest German automobile producer,[12] today, it is one of the three biggest automotive companies, but it is now part of the Porsche Automobil Holding SE. In the meantime, ten different car manufacturers belong to the multicorporate enterprise: Porsche, Volkswagen, Audi, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Bentley, Škoda Auto, MAN, SEAT and Scania AB. Germany is famous for its upscale sedans. They feature suspension systems that provide both a soft ride and good handling characteristics. Many manufacturers limit their automobiles electronically to driving speeds of 250 km/h (155 mph) for safety reasons.[citation needed]
[edit] India
An embryonic automotive industry started in India in the 1940s. However, for the next 50 years, the growth of the industry was hobbled by the Socialist policies and the bureaucratic hurdles of the license raj. Following, the economic liberalization in India from 1991, and the gradual easing of restrictions on industry, India has seen a dynamic 17% annual growth in automobile production and 30% annual growth in exports of automotive components and automobiles. India produces around 2 Million automobiles currently. Total turnover of the Indian automobile industry is expected to grow from USD 34 Billion in 2006 to USD 122 Billion in 2016.[13] Tata Motors has just launched Tata Nano, the cheapest car in the world at USD 2200.[14]
[edit] Japan
Japan, with its large population squeezed into very high density cities with good public transit, has limited roadways that carry very heavy traffic. Hence, most automobiles are small in terms of size and weight. From a humble beginning, Japan is now the biggest auto manufacturing country in the world. Nissan began making trucks in 1914, and sold cars under the Datsun brand until it switched to Nissan in the 1980s. It opened its first U.S. plant in Tennessee in the early 1980s and a U.K. plant in 1986. Its luxury models carry the brand Infiniti. Honda, which began with motorcycles, emerged after World War II. Its luxury vehicles are sold under the Acura brand. Toyota began making cars in the 1930s and is now the world's largest producer. The Toyota Corolla is the world's best selling nameplate. Its luxury models carry the Lexus brand. Toyota is famous for its innovative, quality-conscious management style, and its hybrid gas-electric vehicles, especially the Prius, which was launched in 1997. Other major companies include Subaru, Mitsubishi, Mazda, Daihatsu, Suzuki, and Isuzu. Japan's production of cars increased from 3.179 million to 7.038 million between 1970 and 1980, while demand for larger American cars was disastrously falling.[15] Japanese cars are often credited with superior dependability, efficiency and advanced technology.
[edit] South Korea
The South Korean automobile industry is today the fifth largest in the world in terms of production volume and the sixth largest in terms of export volume. 50 years ago, its initial operations were merely the assembling of parts imported from Japan and the United States. The Hyundai Kia Automotive Group is today the second largest automaker in Asia, after Toyota. Annual domestic output exceeded one million units in 1988. In the 1990s, the industry manufactured numerous in-house models, demonstrating not only its capabilities, and signalling its coming of age thanks to the heavy investment to infrastructure in the country over the decades. The quality of their automobiles have improved dramatically in recent years, gaining international recognition. Hyundai has been named the 2009 North American car of the year.
[edit] Thailand
The Thai-based automobile manufacturer is ThaiRung or well-known as TR, manufactured by Thai Rung Union Car Public Co. Ltd. (TRU). The company was established in 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand. Original name was Thai Rung Engineering Co. Ltd., and changed its name to Thai Rung Union Car Co. Ltd. in 1973. TRU was listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1994. TRU business is ranging from product design and development, automotive parts manufacturing, industrial equiptemnts manufacturing, car assembly lines and financial business. Some discontinued TR vans powered by Land Rover engine in combination with Thai-developed body design and platform. Modern TR cars are built on small or medium trucks base into SUV or seven-seat multi-purpose vehicles using TR-owned technology, design, development and assembly skills. The current models are 2009 TR Adventure and TR Allroader.
[edit] United States
[edit] Crisis in the auto industry
[edit] World motor vehicle production
| « previous year Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries 2008 next year » | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor vehicle production (1000 units) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country | 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | 4000 | 5000 | 6000 | 7000 | 8000 | 9000 | 10000 | 11000 | 12000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11564 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9345 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8705 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6041 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3807 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3220 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2569 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2542 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2315 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2191 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2078 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1790 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1650 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1394 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1051 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 951 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 946 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 724 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA. http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/. Retrieved on 2009-06-24. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| « previous year — Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total motor vehicle production | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | 1,000,000 | 2,000,000 | 3,000,000 | 4,000,000 | 5,000,000 | 6,000,000 | 7,000,000 | 8,000,000 | 9,000,000 | 10,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key | Cars | Light Commercial Vehicles | Heavy Commercial Vehicles | Heavy Buses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toyota | 9,237,780 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Motors | 8,282,803 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volkswagen* | 6,517,288 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ford | 5,407,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Honda | 3,912,700 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nissan | 3,395,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PSA | 3,325,407 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hyundai** | 2,777,137 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Suzuki | 2,623,567 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiat | 2,524,325 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Renault | 2,417,351 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daimler | 2,174,299 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chrysler | 1,893,068 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B.M.W. | 1,439,918 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kia** | 1,395,324 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mazda | 1,349,274 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitsubishi | 1,309,231 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AvtoVAZ | 801,563 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tata | 798,265 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FAW | 637,720 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fuji | 616,497 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Isuzu | 538,810 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chana Automobile | 531,149 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dongfeng | 489,266 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beijing Automotive | 446,680 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chery | 350,560 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SAIC | 282,003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volvo | 248,991 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brilliance | 241,553 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Harbin Hafei | 226,754 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geely | 220,955 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anhui Jianghuai | 207,711 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BYD | 192,971 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GAZ | 187,053 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mahindra | 162,816 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proton | 157,306 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Great Wall | 129,651 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paccar | 125,084 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chongqing Lifan | 122,783 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M.A.N. | 108,053 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jiangxi Changhe | 107,422 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China National | 106,377 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Porsche | 96,721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LUAZ | 90,548 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Navistar | 90,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shannxi Auto | 75,220 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UAZ | 72,181 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ashok Leyland | 71,485 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kuozui | 67,891 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key | Cars | Light Commercial Vehicles | Heavy Commercial Vehicles | Heavy Buses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total global production: 69,561,356 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers 2008". OICA. July 2009. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2008.pdf. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
*Volkswagen Group total includes Scania production figures, which OICA lists separately. Scania is a VW Group subsidiary. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] Company relationships
| This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009) |
It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.
Notable current relationships include:
- Daimler AG holds a 40.0% stake in McLaren Group and a 10% stake in Tesla Motors .
- Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors , a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ .
- Dongfeng Motor Corporation is involved in joint ventures with several companies in China, including: PSA Peugeot Citroen of France, Honda, Nissan of Japan, Nissan Diesel (Volvo Group) of Japan, and Hyundai Kia of South Korea.
- Fiat holds a 85% stake in Ferrari[16]
- Fiat holds a 20% stake in Chrysler, that can be increased to 35%; with the option of increasing its stake further.[17].
- Ford holds a 13.4% stake in Mazda and an 8.3% share in Aston Martin.
- Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings, manufacturing the London taxi.
- General Motors and SAIC have two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile.
- GM and Toyota have a joint venture in New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, an automobile plant in Fremont, California.
- Hyundai Kia Automotive Group holds a 38.67% stake in Kia Motors, down from the 51% that it acquired in 1998.[18]
- MAN holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania.
- Porsche Automobil Holding SE announced on January 6, 2009 that it now owns 50.76% of Volkswagen, making the Volkswagen Group a subsidiary.
- The Renault-Nissan alliance involves two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares.
- Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ.
- Renault holds 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group.
- Suzuki is a partner with GM in GMDAT, CAMI, and GM Argentina.[19]
- Toyota holds a 51% controlling stake in Daihatsu, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru.
- The Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a 29% stake in MAN.
- Volkswagen Group and SAIC have a joint venture in Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive.
[edit] Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)
The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by the latest production figures from OICA 2008[20] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque.
| Marque | Country of origin | Ownership | Markets | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( |
||||
| Daihatsu | Subsidiary | Global, except North America and Australia | ||
| Hino | Subsidiary | Asia Pacific, Canada and South America | ||
| Lexus | Division | Global | ||
| Scion | Division | North America | ||
| Toyota | Division | Global | ||
| 2. General Motors Corporation* ( |
||||
| Buick | Division | North America, China, Israel, Taiwan | ||
| Cadillac | Division | Global | ||
| Chevrolet | Division | Global | ||
| Daewoo | Subsidiary | Asia, Europe, South America, South Africa | ||
| GMC | Division | North America, Middle East | ||
| Holden | Subsidiary | Australia, New Zealand, Middle East | ||
| Hummer | Division | Global | ||
| Opel | Division | Europe (except UK), South Africa, China, Southeast Asia | ||
| Pontiac | Division | North America | ||
| Saab | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Saturn | Subsidiary | North America, Taiwan, Japan | ||
| Vauxhall | Subsidiary | United Kingdom | ||
| 3. Porsche Automobil Holding SE** ( |
||||
| Audi | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Bentley | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Bugatti | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Lamborghini | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Porsche | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Scania | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| SEAT | Subsidiary | Europe, Latin America, South Africa | ||
| Škoda | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Volkswagen | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Volkswagen CV | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 4. Ford Motor Company*** ( |
||||
| Ford | Division | Global | ||
| Lincoln | Division | North America, Middle East | ||
| Mercury | Division | North America, Middle East | ||
| Troller | Subsidiary | South America and Africa | ||
| Volvo (cars) | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 5. Honda Motor Company ( |
||||
| Acura | Division | North America, China, Russia | ||
| Honda | Division | Global | ||
| 6. Nissan Motor Company ( |
||||
| Infiniti | Division | North America, Middle East, Taiwan, Korea, Russia, Europe | ||
| Nissan | Division | Global | ||
| 7. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( |
||||
| Citroën | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Peugeot | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| 8. Hyundai Motor Company**** ( |
||||
| Hyundai | Division | Global | ||
| 9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( |
||||
| Maruti Suzuki | Subsidiary | India, Middle East, South America | ||
| Suzuki | Division | Global | ||
| 10. Fiat S.p.A. ( |
||||
| Abarth | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Alfa Romeo | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Ferrari | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Fiat | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Fiat Professional | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Irisbus | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Iveco | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Lancia | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Maserati | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 11. Renault S.A. ( |
||||
| Dacia | Subsidiary | Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa | ||
| Renault (cars) | Division | Global, except North America | ||
| Renault Samsung | Subsidiary | Asia, South America | ||
| 12. Daimler AG ( |
||||
| Freightliner | Subsidiary | North America, South Africa | ||
| Maybach | Division | Global | ||
| Mercedes-AMG | Division | Global | ||
| Mercedes-Benz | Division | Global | ||
| Mitsubishi Fuso | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Orion | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| Setra | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| Smart | Division | North America, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, South Africa | ||
| Thomas Built | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| Western Star | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| 13. Chrysler Group LLC ( |
||||
| Chrysler | Division | Global | ||
| Dodge | Division | Global | ||
| GEM | Division | North America | ||
| Jeep | Division | Global | ||
| 14. BMW AG ( |
||||
| BMW | Division | Global | ||
| MINI | Division | Global | ||
| Rolls-Royce | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 15. Kia Motors Corporation**** ( |
||||
| Kia | Division | Global, except Middle East and Africa | ||
| 16. Mazda Motor Corporation ( |
||||
| Mazda | Division | Global | ||
| 17. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( |
||||
| Mitsubishi | Division | Global | ||
| 18. OAO AvtoVAZ ( |
||||
| Lada | Division | Russia, Europe | ||
| VAZ | Division | Russia, Eastern Europe | ||
| 19. Tata Motors Ltd ( |
||||
| Daimler | Subsidiary | United Kingdom | ||
| Hispano | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| Jaguar | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Land Rover | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Tata | Division | India, South Africa | ||
| Tata Daewoo | Subsidiary | South Korea | ||
| 20. First Automotive Group Corporation ( |
||||
| Besturn | Division | China | ||
| Freewind | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Haima | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Hongqi | Division | China | ||
| Jiaxing | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Vita | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Xiali | Subsidiary | China | ||
| 21. Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd ( |
||||
| Subaru | Division | Global | ||
| 22. Isuzu Motors Ltd ( |
||||
| Isuzu | Division | Global, except North America | ||
| 23. Chana Automobile Company Ltd ( |
||||
| Chana | Division | China, South Africa | ||
| 24. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( |
||||
| Dongfeng | Division | China | ||
| 25. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( |
||||
| BAW | Division | China | ||
| Foton | Subsidiary | China | ||
| 26. Chery Automobile Company Ltd ( |
||||
| Chery | Division | China, South Africa, Southeast Asia, Russia | ||
| 27. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation ( |
||||
| MG | Subsidiary | UK | ||
| Roewe | Division | China | ||
| Soyat | Division | China | ||
| SsangYong | Subsidiary | South Korea, South Africa, Europe, Australia | ||
| Yuejin | Division | China | ||
| 28. AB Volvo ( |
||||
| Mack | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Nissan Diesel | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| NovaBus | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| Prevost | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| Renault (trucks) | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Volvo (trucks) | Division | Global | ||
| 29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding Ltd ( |
||||
| Brilliance | Division | China | ||
| Jinbei | Subsidiary | China | ||
| 30. Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group Ltd ( |
||||
| Hafei | Division | China | ||
| 31. Geely Automobile ( |
||||
| Geely | Division | China, Russia | ||
| Maple | Division | China | ||
| 32. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company Ltd ( |
||||
| Anhui Jianghuai | Division | China | ||
| 33. BYD Auto ( |
||||
| BYD | Division | China, Russia | ||
| 34. GAZ Group ( |
||||
| GAZ | Division | Russia | ||
| KAvZ | Subsidiary | Russia | ||
| LDV | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| LiAZ | Subsidiary | Russia | ||
| Ural | Subsidiary | Russia | ||
| 35. Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd ( |
||||
| Mahindra | Division | India, South East Asia, Eastern Europe | ||
| 36. Proton Holdings Bhd ( |
||||
| Proton | Division | Asia, Australia, South Africa, UK | ||
| Lotus | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 37. Great Wall Motor Company Ltd ( |
||||
| Great Wall | Division | China, South Africa, Russia | ||
| 38. Paccar Inc ( |
||||
| DAF | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Kenworth | Division | North America | ||
| Leyland | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| Peterbilt | Division | North America | ||
| 39. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company Ltd ( |
||||
| Lifan | Division | China | ||
| 40. MAN SE ( |
||||
| MAN | Division | Europe | ||
| Neoplan | Division | Europe and Middle East | ||
| VW Trucks | Division | South America | ||
| 41. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile Ltd ( |
||||
| Changhe | Division | China | ||
| 42. China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Company Ltd ( |
||||
| Sinotruk | Division | China | ||
| 43. LuAZ ( |
||||
| LuAZ | Subsidiary | Ukraine | ||
| 44. Navistar International Corporation ( |
||||
| IC | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| International | Division | North America | ||
| 45. Shaanxi Automobile Group Company Ltd ( |
||||
| Shannxi | Division | China | ||
| 46. UAZ OJSC ( |
||||
| UAZ | Subsidiary | Russia | ||
| 47. Ashok Leyland ( |
||||
| Ashok Leyland | Division | China | ||
| 48. Kuozui Motors Ltd ( |
||||
| Toyota***** | Subsidiary | Taiwan | ||
- Notes
* General Motors is in the process of selling Hummer to Sichuan Tengzhong; Opel and Vauxhall to Magna and Sberbank;Saturn to Penske Automotive Group; and Saab to Koenigsegg; and eliminating Pontiac.
** Porsche is listed as parent company of Volkswagen Group. This is only the case since January 2009, when Porsche acquired more than 50% of the shares of Volkswagen.
*** Ford is looking to sell Volvo.
**** Hyundai Kia Automotive Group owns only a minority stake in Kia Motors.
***** Kuozui Motors manufactures Toyota cars under licence.
[edit] Minor automotive manufacturers
There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.
[edit] See also
| Look up automotive industry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Big Three automobile manufacturers
- Category:Automotive industry by country
- Automotive market
- Automotive industry crisis of 2008
- Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
- Top 20 motor vehicle producing companies
[edit] References
- ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production by Country: 2007-2008". OICA. http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/.
- ^ "2008 Global Market Data Book", Automotive News, p.5
- ^ Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
- ^ Kenworthy, J R (2004). "Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Emissions in Urban Passenger Transport Systems" (PDF). Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy. http://cst.uwinnipeg.ca/documents/Transport_Greenhouse.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-07-22.
- ^ World Health Organisation, Europe. "Health effects of transport". http://www.euro.who.int/transport/hia/20021009_2. Retrieved on 2008-08-29.
- ^ Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister (UK). "Making the Connections - final report on transport and social exclusion" (PDF). http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carplus.org.uk%2FResources%2Fpdf%2FMaking_the_Connections_Final_Report_on_Transport_and_Social_Exclusion.pdf&ei=SzLBSbDFKYHaMbvwgK0N&usg=AFQjCNFCbKeT7rQ0zt7aOL5K-1OTXBm9EA&sig2=o-ASe9xe84uOEJTQt-DxuQ. Retrieved on 2003-02-01.
- ^ IBISWorld Newsletter, June 2008, GLOBAL TRENDS Oil – The Crude Reality of Current trends, IBISWorld
- ^ Jeff Rubin (2009-03-02). "Wrong Turn" (PDF). CIBC World Markets. http://research.cibcwm.com/economic_public/download/sfeb09.pdf.
- ^ "Record breaking figures for 2007 UK vehicle production". SMMT. 2008-01-25. http://www.smmt.co.uk/articles/article.cfm?articleid=16852. Retrieved on 2008-11-19.
- ^ "Motor Industry Facts 2008" (PDF). SMMT. http://www.smmt.co.uk/downloads/MotorIndustryFacts2008.pdf.
- ^ a b c "List of countries by motor vehicle production - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production. Retrieved on 2009-05-01.
- ^ Terry Shuler, Volkswagen: Then, Now and Forever(1997)
- ^ http://www.dhi.nic.in/draft_automotive_mission_plan.pdf
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/28/automobiles/autoreviews/28NANO.html?scp=2&sq=tata%20nano&st=cse
- ^ Fuss M A and Waverman L Costs and productivity in automobile production: the challenge of Japanese efficiency Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 0521341418, 780521341417. P.225
- ^ "Guide to global automaker partnerships" (PDF). msxi.nl. http://www.msxi.nl/quantum_cms/_media/c5ac9bd746b96200.2007_global_automaker_partnerships.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-04-06.
- ^ [1] Agence France-Presse
- ^ [2] Kia Investor Relations
- ^ www.gm.com
- ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers 2008" (PDF). OICA. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2008.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-06-27.
[edit] External links
- Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
- Automotive engineering learning website
- Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
- Automotive Industry Analysis
- All vehicle manufacturers in the world (in Dutch with English etc. translation)
- Car makes of the world, 1894—present
- Automotive history and photos
- Automaker Rankings 2007: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies
- GFC - Motor Industry Repurcussions - Carsguide - Chrysler to file for bankruptcy
- GFC - Motor Industry Repercussions - Carsguide - GM kills Pontiac

