Khorchin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Khorchin (Хорчин) is one of the Mongolian clans that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian. Their origin is derived from the Imperial bodyguard - Kheshig of Mongol Empire. Khorchins is an ethnonym that means quick bearer. Chingis khan officially established Kheshigs in early 13th century.
The Ming Dynasty put two surrendered Borjigin princes (descended from Chingis Khan's brothers) over the Taining guard of the Three Guards which was established in 1389. During invasions of Esen Tayisi from 1446–48, most of them fled, however, Fuyu Guard of the Three Guards remained along the Nen River and Onon River. Ruled by descendants of Khasar[1], they became direct ancestors of the Khorchins. In 1624, Nurhaci received the submission of Khorchins who roamed east of Khingan mountains and west of the Sungari. They were the first Mongol tribe that submitted to Qing Dynasty.[2] The Khorchins were responsible for production of fermented mare's milk for Manchu emperors. The later emperors of the Manchu Qing rewarded the Khorchin nobles highly for this early loyalty. Notable Empresses of the Qing Dynasty, such as Zhuang Wen (1613–88) and Hui Zhang (1641–1717), were the Khorchin-Borjigins.[3] The Khorchins were further divided into two wings (north and south), each with three Banners.[4]
Due to the anti-Mongol rebellion among Chinese peasents in 1891, many thousands of farming Monggoljin Mongols fled to the Khorchin. After 1900 both Chinese education and Chinese colonization spread among them. When the Japanese Empire occupied parts of Inner Mongolia and China in 1931, the Khorchins became the most energetic proponents of secular learning and reform among the Mongols. After World War II rural class struggle and the civil war of 1946–48 were very bloody and divisive. Since then they have been a powerful faction within Inner Mongolia's Chinese Communist Party apparatus.
[edit] References
- Great Mongolia 800- [1]
[edit] Notes
- ^ The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia by René Grousset, p.687
- ^ New Qing imperial history By James A. Millward, Ruth W. Dunnell, Mark C. Elliott, p.100
- ^ Marriage and inequality in Chinese society by Rubie Sharon Watson, Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Joint Committee on Chinese Studies (U.S.) p.176
- ^ Occasional Papers by Mongolia Society, p.76
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
