List of wars involving Germany
This is wars of political entities representing Germany:[a]
Pre-unification
East Francia (843-962)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Ruling King/Mayor of the Palace |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Italian Expedition of Otto I
(951–952) |
East Francia | Kingdom of Italy | East Frankish victory
Berengar II recognized the suzerainty of Otto I |
Otto I |
| Second Italian Expedition of Otto I
(961–962) |
East Francia | Kingdom of Italy | East Frankish victory
Berengar II is deposed. Otto I is crowned King of Italy and later Roman Emperor, in retrospect forming the Holy Roman Empire |
Otto I |
Holy Roman Empire (962-1806)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Ruling King/Emperor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Otto I's raid on Poland (963) | Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Poland | German Victory | Otto I |
| Franco-German War of 978-980 | Holy Roman Empire | West Francia | Status quo ante bellum | Otto II |
| Polish-Saxon Invasion of Veleti (985) | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire |
Veleti | Polish and Saxon Victory | Otto III |
| Polish-Bohemian War (990) | Duchy of Bohemia | German and Polish Victory | Otto III | |
| Polish-German invasion of Veleti (992) | Veleti | Polish and German Victory | Otto III | |
| Polish-German invasion of Obotrites (995) | Obotrites | Polish and German Victory | Otto III | |
| German-Polish War (1002-1018) | Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Poland | Peace of Bautzen
|
Henry II |
| The Intervention of Boleslaw the Brave, Duke of Poland in the Kievan succession crisis (1015-1019) | Duchy of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Temporary victory for Sviatopolk and Boleslaw, Polish sack of Kiev | Henry II |
| Polish-German War (1028-1031) | Holy Roman Empire
Bezprym |
Mieszko II Lambert Kingdom of Hungary |
Victory for Bezprym | Conrad II |
| Emperor Conrad II's military campaign against Hungary (1030-1031) |
Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | German defeat
|
Conrad II |
| German-Hungarian Wars (1042-1043) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | German Victory | Henry III |
| Henry III's military campaign against Hungary (1044) | Holy Roman Empire
Peter Orseolo and his allies |
The army of King Samuel Aba | German Victory
|
Henry III |
| War between King Peter and Prince Andrew
(1046) |
King Peter's army | Prince Andrew's army | Hungarian Victory | Henry III |
| Emperor Henry III's military campaigns against Hungary (1051-1052) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Hungarian Victory | Henry III |
| German-Hungarian border War (1056-1058) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Stalemate, treaty of Marchfeld | Henry IV |
| Civil War between King Andrew I and his brother, Prince Bela (1060) | King Andrew I's army | Prince Béla's army | Prince Béla's Victory | Henry IV |
| German invasion of Hungary (1063) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | German Victory | Henry IV |
| Polish-German War (1109) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Poland | German defeat | Henry V |
Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines
|
Ghibellines | Guelphs | 1st phase:Peace of Constance (1186)
2nd phase:Stalemate (1392)
|
Frederick I |
| Polish-German War (1146) | Holy Roman Empire | Mieszko III the Old | Mieszko III the Old's victory/German defeat | Conrad III of Germany |
| Wendish Crusade (1147) | Holy Roman Empire
|
Obotrite Confederacy
Wendish allies: |
March of Brandenburg reconquers Havelberg, County of Holstein expels its Wends | Conrad III of Germany |
| Second Crusade
(1147-1150) |
 Holy Roman Empire
Other Crusaders |
Emirate of Damascus
other Muslim and Pagan entities in East Central Europe, Iberia and the Near East. |
Victories in East Central Europe and Iberia. Defeat in the Holy Land. | Conrad III of Germany |
| Polish-German War (1157) | Holy Roman Empire | Bolesław IV the Curly | Peace of Krzyszkowo | Frederick I Barbarossa |
| Third Crusade
(1189-1192) |
Holy Roman Empire
Other Crusaders |
Ayyubids | Small Gains for the Crusaders. Jerusalem stays under Ayyubid control. | Frederick I Barbarossa |
| Fourth Crusade
(1202-1204) |
Holy Roman Empire | Byzantine Empire | Partition of the Byzantine Empire
|
Otto IV |
| Fifth Crusade
(1217-1221) |
Holy Roman Empire
Other Crusaders |
Ayyubids | Eight-Year truce between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders | Frederick II |
| Sixth Crusade
(1227-1229) |
Holy Roman Empire
including in Personal Union: |
Ayyubids | Kingdom of Jerusalem regains Jerusalem through peaceful negotiations. | Frederick II |
| Hussite Wars
(1419-1434) |
Catholic Church, Crusades and Loyalists: | Bohemian Wars: | Eventual defeat for Radical Hussites, Victory for Moderate Hussites and Catholics | Sigismund |
| Italian War of 1494-1498 | League of Venice:
England (1496–98) |
 Kingdom of France
(before 1495) |
Victory for the League of Venice | Maximilian I |
| Swabian War
(1499) |
 Holy Roman Empire
|
 Old Swiss Confederacy
|
Swiss Victory
|
Maximilian I |
| Italian War of 1521-1526 | Holy Roman Empire
Papal States (1521-1523 and 1525-1526) |
France
Swiss mercenaries Republic of Venice Papal States (1524-1525) Marquisate of Saluzzo |
Habsburg Victory
Capture of Francis I of France at the Battle of Pavia
|
Charles V |
| War of the League of Cognac
(1526-1530) |
Holy Roman Empire
Spain Duchy of Ferrara Republic of Genoa (1528-1530) Duchy of Mantua (1528-1530) |
Kingdom of France
Swiss mercenaries Papal States Swiss Guards Republic of Venice Republic of Florence Kingdom of England Republic of Genoa (1526-1528) Kingdom of Navarre Duchy of Milan |
Treaty of Cambrai
Habsburg Victory |
Charles V |
| Italian War of 1536-1538 | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of France | Truce of Nice | Charles V |
| Italian War of 1542-1546 | Holy Roman Empire | France | Inconclusive | Charles V |
| Schmalkaldic War
(1546-1547) |
Empire of Charles V:
Supported by:Papal States |
Schmalkadic League: | Imperial-Spanish Victory
Schmalkadic League dissolved, Saxon electoral dignity passed to the Albertine House of Wettin |
Charles V |
| War of the Jülich Succession
(1609-1614) |
1609-1610:
1614: |
1609-1610:
1614: |
Treaty of Xanten | Rudolph II |
| Franco-Dutch War
(1672-1678) |
Holy Roman Empire (1673)
Spain (from 1673) Brandenburg-Prussia (from 1673) Lorraine (from 1673) Denmark-Norway (from 1674) England (1678) |
Kingdom of France
England (1672-1674) Sweden (from 1674) Munster (1672-1673) Cologne (1672-1673) |
Treaty of Nijmegen | Leopold I |
| Nine Years War
(1688-1697) |
Holy Roman Empire
(until 1691) |
France | Treaty of Ryswick | Leopold I |
| War of the Spanish Succession
(1701-1714) |
Holy Roman Empire
England (until 1707) Great Britain (from 1707) |
France
Bavaria (until 1704) Cologne (until 1702) Mantua (until 1708) |
Treaties of Utrecht (1713), Rastatt (1714) and Baden (1714)
|
Leopold I |
| War of the Polish Succession
(1733-1735) |
Holy Roman Empire | France | Treaty of Vienna
|
Charles VI |
| Liège Revolution
(1789-1791) |
Holy Roman Empire | Liège Rebels
Supported by:Prussia |
Foundation of Liège Republic (1789);
reversion to Prince-Bishopric(1791); annexation by France (1795) |
Leopold II |
| War of the First Coalition
(1792-1797) |
Army of Conde
Holy Roman Empire (until 1797) Habsburg Monarchy (unill 1797) Naples (until 1796) Kingdom of Prussia (until 1795) Kingdom of Sardinia (until 1796) Spain (until 1795) |
Kingdom of France (until 1792)
French Republic (from 1792) French Satellites Batavian Republic (from 1795) Polish Legions (from 1797) Spain (from 1796) |
|
Francis II |
| War of the Second Coalition
(1798-1802) |
Holy Roman Empire (until 1801)
Kingdom of Great Britain (pre-1801) United Kingdom (post-1801) Russian Empire (until 1799) |
French Republic
French client Republics |
French Victory, Treaty of Luneville | Francis II |
| War of the Third Coalition
(1803-1806) |
Holy Roman Empire
Sweden |
First French Republic (until 1804)
First French Empire (after 1804) |
French Victory
|
Francis II |
Confederation of the Rhine (1806-1813)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Protector |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| War of the Fourth Coalition (1806-1807) | France
(from 11 Dec 1806) |
|
French Victory
|
Napoleon I |
| Peninsular War
(1808-1814) |
France | Spain | Coalition Victory
|
Napoleon I |
| War of the Fifth Coalition
(1809) |
France |
Rebel Groups
|
French Victory
|
Napoleon I |
| War of the Sixth Coalition
(1813-1814) |
France
Until January 1814 (many member states defected after the Battle of Leipzig) |
Russia Prussia United Kingdom Mecklenburg-Schwerin Portugal Sardinia Sicily Spain Sweden After the Armistice of Pläswitz After the Battle of Leipzig Baden After November 20, 1813 After January 1814 |
Coalition Victory
Confederation of the Rhine dissolved German states and Austria unite to form the German Confederation Netherlands gains independence Norway ceded to The King of Sweden |
Napoleon I |
German Confederation (1815-1866)
North German Confederation (1867-1871)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | President |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franco-Prussian War
(1870–1871) |
 North German Confederation
(after 18 January 1871) |
 French Third Republic (Government of National Defense)
|
German Victory
|
Wilhelm I |
Post-unification[c]
German Empire (1871-1918)
Weimar Republic (1918-1933)
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Reichskanzler | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| German Revolution (1918–1919) |
 Germany
|
 Revolutionaries
|
Government victory
|
?
| |
| Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) |
Germany
|
.svg){kind=small} POW
|
Defeat
|
?
| |
| First Silesian Uprising (1919) |
 Germany
|
POW-GS
|
Victory
|
?
| |
| Ruhr Uprising (1920) |
Germany
|
Ruhr Red Army
|
Government victory
|
1,600+
(Both combatants) | |
| Second Silesian Uprising (1920) |
 Germany
|
POW-GS
|
League of Nations ceasefire
|
?
| |
| Third Silesian Uprising (1921) |
Germany
|
POW-GS
|
League of Nations ceasefire
|
?
|
Nazi Germany (1933-1945)
Federal Republic of Germany (1949-present)
Notes
- ^ Excluding the wars of ancient Germans as East Francia is seen as the political entity which was first to represent Germany.
- ^ Abdicated on December 2nd 1848
- ^ The unification of Germany in 1871 was the starting point for Germany as a nation-state.
References
- ^ Hempestall & Mochida, p. 54
- ^ "Uprisings against the German/South African Colonial Power". klausdierks.com.
- ^ Bridgman, Jon M. (1966) Revolt of the Hereros University of California Press. p. 164 (KIA: 676, MIA:76, WIA: 907, died from disease: 689, civilians: 100)
- ^ Gellately, Robert; Ben Kiernan (2003). The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. Published by Cambridge University Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-521-52750-3.
- ^ Van der Vat, Dan. Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984, p. 19
- ^ See World War I casualties
- ^ Thomas, Hugh (2003) [1961, 1987, 2001]. The Spanish Civil War. London: Penguin. p. 634. ISBN 0-14-101161-0. OCLC 248799351.
- ^ See World War II casualties
- ^ "Germany honors soldiers who fought in Afghanistan mission". dw.com. 2021-10-13. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
- ^ No German soldiers have been killed by ISIS, however, many German civilians have been killed in terror attacks claimed by ISIS. For details, see Islamic terrorism in Europe.
- ^ "German military helicopter crashes in Mali, two peacekeepers killed". Reuters. 26 July 2017 – via www.reuters.com.