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{{Infobox Settlement
is very prety. i liek it and so dos alot of ppl
|official_name = Yerevan
|native_name = Երեվան
|image_skyline = Yerevan-night.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_flag = Yerevan flag.gif
|image_seal = Yerevan coa.gif
|image_map = ArmeniaYerevan.png
|mapsize = 150px
|pushpin_map = Armenia
|map_caption = Location of Yerevan in Armenia
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{ARM}}
|established_title = Established
|established_date = 782 BC
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Yervand Zakharyan]]
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_total_km2 = 227
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2007
|population_footnotes =
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://groong.usc.edu/news/msg221775.html|title=Armenia's Population 3,229,900 On Jan 1, 2008|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref>
|population_total = 1,107,800
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 5196.4
|timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT+4]]
|utc_offset = +4
|timezone_DST = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT+5]]
|utc_offset_DST = +5
|latd=40 |latm=10 |lats=11.99 |latNS=N
|longd=44 |longm=31 |longs=12 |longEW=E
|elevation_m = 989.4
|website = [http://www.yerevan.am/ www.yerevan.am]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Yerevan''' ({{pronEng|ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn}}, [[Armenian language|Armenian]]: Երևան or Երեւան), sometimes written as '''Erevan''', former names include '''Erebuni''', '''Revan''', and '''Erivan''' - is the [[capital]] and largest city of [[Armenia]]. It is situated on the [[Hrazdan River]], and is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the [[Urartian]] fortress of [[Erebuni]] in 782 BC.<ref>{{cite book
| last =Katsenelinboĭgen
| first =Aron
| title =The Soviet Union: Empire, Nation and Systems
| publisher =Transaction Publishers
| date =1990
| location =New Brunswick
| pages =143
| id =ISBN 0887383327}}
</ref> Eventually, the name ''Erebuni'' evolved in the Armenian language in the [[5th century BC|5th]] or 4th century BC, with the letter ''b'' in the name, for example, becoming ''v''.<ref name="SAE">{{cite book|author=Baghdasaryan A., Simonyan A, et al.|location=Yerevan|title=The [[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]]. Yerevan, Armenian SSR|volume=III|year=1977|pages=548-564|language=Armenian}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
[[Image:Erebuni.jpg|thumb|left|260px|The remains of the [[Erebuni Fortress]], which was built by king [[Argišti]] in 782 BC.]]
According to Armenian tradition, the name of Yerevan is derived from an expression exclaimed by [[Noah]] in Armenian while looking in the direction of Yerevan, after the [[Noah's Ark|ark]] had landed on [[Mount Ararat]] and after the flood waters had receded: "Yerevants!" ("it appeared!").<ref name="SAE"/> The more plausible theory on the origin of the name is that the city was named after the Armenian king, Yervand the Third (the Last), the last leader of the [[Orontid Dynasty]] and founder of the city of Yervandashat<ref name="SAE"/>.

The territory of Yerevan was settled in the [[4th millennium BC|fourth millennium BC]], fortified settlements from the [[Bronze Age]] include Shengavit, [[Tsitsernakaberd]], Karmir Blur, Arin Berd, Karmir Berd and Berdadzor. Archaeological evidence indicates that an [[Urartu|Urartian]] military fortress called ''Erebuni'' (Էրեբունի) was founded in 782 BC by the orders of King [[Argishtis I of Urartu|Argishtis I]] at the site of current-day Yerevan, to serve as a fort and citadel guarding against attacks from the north [[Caucasus]].<ref name="SAE"/> Yerevan is thus one of the most ancient cities in the world. During the height of Urartian power, [[irrigation]] canals and an artificial reservoir were built on Yerevan's territory.

Between the sixth and fourth centuries BC, Yerevan was one of the main centers of the Armenian [[satrap]]y of the [[Achaemenid Empire]]. In 585 BC, the fortress of [[Teishebaini]] (Karmir Blur), thirty miles to the north of Yerevan, was destroyed by the [[Scythians]].

Due to the absence of historical data, the timespan between fourth century BC and third century AD is known as the Yerevan Dark Ages. The first church in Yerevan, the church of St. Peter and Paul, was built in the fifth century. It was demolished in 1931 and a cinema built on its site.

===Foreign occupation===
[[Image:Yerevan1672.gif|thumb|left|270px|An illustration of Yerevan by the French traveler [[Jean Chardin]] in 1673.]]
In 658 AD, Yerevan was conquered, during the height of Arab invasions. Since then the site has been strategically important as a crossroads for the [[Camel train|caravan]] routes passing between [[Europe]] and [[India]]. It has been known as "Yerevan" since at least the seventh century AD. Between the ninth and eleventh centuries, Yerevan was a secure part of the Armenian [[Bagratuni]] Kingdom, before being overrun by [[Seljuks]]. The city was seized and pillaged by [[Tamerlane]] in 1387 and subsequently became an administrative center of the [[Ilkhanate]]. Due to its strategic significance, Yerevan was constantly fought over and passed back and forth between the dominion of Persia and the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]].

At the height of the Turkish-Persian wars, the city changed hands fourteen times between 1513 and 1737. In 1604, under the order of [[Shah Abbas I]], tens of thousands of Armenians (including citizens of Yerevan) were deported to Persia. As a consequence, Yerevan's khanat population became 80 percent Muslim (Persians, Turco-Mongols, Kurds) and 20 percent native Armenian. Muslims were either sedentary, semi-sedentary, or nomadic. Armenians lived in Erevan or the villages. The Armenians dominated the various professions and trade in the area and were of great economic significance to the Persian administration. <ref>[http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v8f5/v8f561.html Encyclopaedia Iranica] (George A. Bournoutian and Robert H. Hewsen, Erevan)</ref> The Ottomans, Safavids and Ilkhanids all maintained a [[Mint (coin)|mint]] in Yerevan. During the 1670s, the [[French people|Frenchman]] [[Jean Chardin]] visited Yerevan and gave a description of the city in his ''Travels of Cavalier Chardin in Transcaucasia in 1672-1673''. On June 7, 1679, a devastating earthquake razed the city to the ground.
During the [[Safavid Dynasty]] rule, Yerevan and adjacent territories were part of the Chukhursaad (Irevan) [[Beglerbeg|Beglerbekate]]. Starting from 1747, it was part of the [[Erivan khanate]], a [[Muslim]] principality under the dominion of the [[Persian Empire]]. This lasted until 1828 when the region was incorporated into Russian Empire.

[[Image:Erivangub.gif|thumb|The coat of arms of the [[Erivan Governorate]].]]
===Russian governance===
During the [[Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828|second Russian-Persian war]], Yerevan was captured <ref name="SAE"/><ref>{{cite book
| last =Ferro
| first =Mark
| title =The Use and Abuse of History: How the Past Is Taught to Children
| publisher =Routledge
| date =2003
| location =London
| pages =233
| isbn =0415285925}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last =Kirakossian
| first =Arman J.
| title =British Diplomacy and the Armenian Question: From the 1830s to 1914
| publisher =Gomidas Institute Books
| date =2003
| location =New York
| pages =142
| isbn = 1884630073}}</ref> by Russian troops under general [[Ivan Paskevich]] on 1 October, [[1827]]. It was formally ceded by the Persians in 1828, following the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]]. [[Russian Empire|Tsarist Russia]] sponsored Armenian resettlement from Persia and Turkey; by the turn of the twentieth century, Yerevan's population was over 29,000, of which 49% were [[Muslim]] (mostly Azerbaijani [[Tatars]]), 48% Christian Armenian and 2% Russian.<ref>{{ru icon}} [http://www.cultinfo.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/119/119478.htm ''Erivan''] in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1890-1907.</ref> It served as the seat of the newly-formed [[Armenian oblast]] and subsequently the [[Erivan Governorate]].

The city began to grow economically and politically, with old buildings torn down and new buildings in European style erected in their place. In 1829, Armenian repatriates from Persia were resettled in the city and a new quarter was built. By the time of [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]]'s visit in 1837, Yerevan had become a [[uyezd]].

The first general plan of the city was made in 1854, during which time the women's colleges of St. Hripsime and St. Gayane were opened and the English Garden built. In 1874, Zacharia Gevorkian opened Yerevan's first printing house and in 1879 the first theatre, sited near the church of St. Peter and Paul, was established. Two years into the twentieth century, a railway line linked Yerevan with [[Alexandropol]], [[Tiflis]] and [[Julfa, Azerbaijan (town)|Julfa]], the same year Yerevan's first public library opened. In 1913, a telephone line with eighty subscribers became operational.

===Brief independence (1917–1920)===
The Russian Empire ended in the [[October Revolution]] of 1917. In the aftermath, Armenian, Georgian and Muslim leaders of [[South Caucasus|Transcaucasia]] united to form the [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic|Transcaucasian Federation]] and proclaimed Transcaucasia's [[secession]].

The Federation, however, was short-lived and on [[May 28]], [[1918]], Yerevan became the capital of the [[Democratic Republic of Armenia]]. On [[November 29]], [[1920]], the [[Bolshevik]] [[11th Red Army]] occupied Yerevan during the [[Russian Civil War]]. Although nationalist forces managed to retake the city in February 1921, the city once again fell to Soviet forces on April 2, 1921.

===Soviet Yerevan===
[[Image:Yerevan Operahouse.JPG|thumb|250px|Yerevan's opera house was built between 1926 to 1953, as part of architect [[Alexander Tamanian]]'s plans to redesign the city.]]
Yerevan became the capital of the newly formed [[Armenian SSR|Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic]], one of the fifteen republics of the [[Soviet Union]]. The Soviet era transformed the city into a modern industrial metropolis of over a million people, developed according to the prominent Armenian architect [[Alexander Tamanian]]'s designs. Yerevan also became a significant scientific and cultural center.

Tamanian incorporated national traditions with contemporary urban construction. His design presented a radial-circular arrangement that overlaid the existing city. As a result, many historic buildings were demolished, including churches, mosques, the [[Persian empire|Persian]] fortress, baths, bazaars and [[caravanserai]]s. Many of the surrounding districts around Yerevan were named after former Armenian communities that were decimated by the [[Ottoman Turks]] during the [[Armenian Genocide]]. The districts of Malatya-Sebastia and Nork Marash, for example, were named after the towns [[Malatya]], [[Sebastia|Sivas, Turkey]], and [[Kahramanmaraş|Marash]], respectively. Following the end of the [[Second World War]], [[Germans|German]] [[POW]]s were used to help in the construction of new buildings and structures, such as the Kievyan Bridge.

In 1965, during the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the [[Armenian Genocide]], Yerevan was the center of a [[1965 Yerevan demonstrations|24-hour mass anti-Soviet protest]], the first such demonstration in the Soviet Union, to demand recognition of the Genocide by the Soviet authorities.<ref>{{cite book
| last =Suny
| first =Ronald Grigor
| authorlink =Ronald Grigor Suny
| title =The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union
| publisher =Stanford University Press
| date =1993
| location =Stanford
| pages =122
| isbn =0804722471}}</ref> In 1968, the city's 2,750th anniversary was commemorated.

Yerevan played a key role in the Armenian national democratic movement that emerged during the [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Gorbachev]] era of the 1980s. The reforms of [[Glasnost]] and [[Perestroika]] opened questions on issues such as the status of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], the environment, [[Russification]], corruption, democracy, and eventually independence. At the beginning of 1988, nearly one million Yerevantsis engaged in demonstrations concerning these subjects, centered on Theater Square.<ref>{{cite book
| last =Malkasian
| first =Mark
| title =Gha-ra-bagh!: The Emergence of the National Democratic Movement in Armenia
| publisher =Wayne State University Press
| date =1996
| pages =41
| isbn =0814326056}}</ref>

===Post-USSR independence===
Following the end of the [[Soviet Union]], Yerevan became the capital of the [[Armenia|Republic of Armenia]] on [[September 21]], [[1991]]. Maintaining supplies of gas and electricity proved difficult; constant electricity was not restored until 1996. Also in the last five years, central Yerevan has been transformed into a vast construction site, with cranes seemingly outnumbering trees. Officially, the scores of multi-storied buildings are part of large-scale urban planning projects. Roughly $1.8 billion was spent on such construction in 2006, according to the national statistical service. Prices for downtown apartments have increased by about ten times over the last decade, realtors say. However, some experts have voiced their opinions, and have asserted that many of the new edifices violate urban planning and earthquake safety requirements.

Political demonstrations still occur in Yerevan, usually as a result of disputed election results. Recently, [[2008 Armenian presidential election protests|unrest in the capital]] between the authorities and opposition demonstrators led by ex-President [[Levon Ter-Petrossian]] occurred after the [[Armenian presidential election, 2008|2008 Armenian presidential election]]. The events resulted in eight deaths and a subsequent 20-day [[state of emergency]] declared by President [[Robert Kocharian]].<ref name="ArmLibMar2a">[http://www.armenialiberty.org/armeniareport/report/en/2008/03/8D6FD2D9-C798-4BF4-8307-1F434344FFC9.ASP At Least Eight Killed In Armenian Post-Election Unrest"], Armenia Liberty ([RFE/RL]), March 2, 2008.</ref>

==Geography==
[[Image:YerevanAerial.jpg|thumb|250px|Yerevan from space.]]
Yerevan is located in [[Eastern Armenia]] in the north-eastern part of the [[Mount Ararat|Ararat]] Valley. The upper part of the city is surrounded by mountains on three sides while to the south it descends to the banks of the river [[Hrazdan River|Hrazdan]], a tributary of the river [[Arax]]. The Hrazdan divides Yerevan in two within a picturesque canyon. The city's elevation ranges between 900 to 1,300 m (3,000 to 4,300&nbsp;ft) above [[sea level]].

As the capital of Armenia, Yerevan is not part of any ''[[Administrative divisions of Armenia|marz]]'' ("province"). Instead, it borders the following ''marzer'': [[Kotayk]] (north), [[Ararat (province)|Ararat]] (south), [[Armavir (province)|Armavir]] (southwest) and [[Aragatsotn]] (northwest).

==Climate==
{{climate chart|[[Yerevan]]
|-9|-2|29
|-8|1|25
|-1|10|28
|6|19|48
|10|24|53
|14|31|23
|17|34|15
|18|33|8
|13|28|13
|7|21|23
|1|10|31
|-3|3|28
|float=left
|source=[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT004530 BBC Weather]
}}

The climate of Yerevan is relatively continental, with dry, hot summers and cold and short winters. The temperature in August can reach 40 °[[Celsius|C]] (104 °[[Fahrenheit|F]]), while January may be as cold as -15 °C (5 °F). The amount of precipitation is small, amounting annually to about 350&nbsp;[[Millimeter|mm]] (14&nbsp;[[inch|in]]).

<!--{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#99cccc; color:#000080;"
|style="background:#ffffff; border-left-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden;"|
| Jan || Feb || Mar || Apr || May || Jun || Jul || Aug || Sep || Oct || Nov || Dec || '''Year'''
|- style="color:#000080;"
|style="background:#99cccc; text-align:left;"| '''Average temperature''' [°C]
|style="background:#ffff99;"| -5
|style="background:#ffff99;"| 0
|style="background:#ffcc66;"| 7
|style="background:#ffcc00;"| 11
|style="background:#ffcc00;"| 19
|style="background:#ff9900;"| 23
|style="background:#ff9900;"| 25
|style="background:#ff9900;"| 25
|style="background:#ff9900;"| 20
|style="background:#ffcc00;"| 15
|style="background:#ffcc66;"| 8
|style="background:#ffff99;"| 1
|style="background:#ffcc00;"| '''13'''
|- style="background:#66ccff;"
|style="background:#99cccc; color:#000080; text-align:left;"| '''Precipitation''' [cm]
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 2
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 2
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 3
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 4
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 4
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 2
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 1
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 1
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 1
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 3
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 2
|style="background:#66ccff;"| 2
|style="background:#66ccff;"| '''27'''
|}-->

==Culture==
[[Image:NightOpera.jpg|thumb|250px|The Opera House illuminated at night.]]
As a centre of [[Armenian people|Armenian]] culture, Yerevan is the site of [[Yerevan State University]] (1919), the Armenian Academy of Sciences, a historical museum, an opera house, a music conservatory and several technical institutes. The [[Matenadaran]] archives hold a rich collection of valuable ancient Armenian, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]], [[Arameans|Assyrian]], [[Hebrews|Hebrew]], [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] and [[Ancient Persia|Persian]] manuscripts. Yerevan has several large public libraries, a number of museums and theaters, botanical gardens and zoos. It is also at the heart of an extensive rail network and is a major trading centre for agricultural products. In addition, industries in the city produce metals, machine tools, electrical equipment, chemicals, textiles and food products.

Two major tourist attractions are the Opera House, the ruins of an [[Urartu]] fortress and a Roman fortress. The Armenia Marriott Hotel is situated in the heart of the city at Republic Square (also known as Hraparak).

==Transportation==
===Air===
Yerevan is served by the [[Zvartnots International Airport]], located 10 km west of the city center. The airport was bought by multi-millionaire Argentine-Armenian businessman [[Eduardo Eurnekian]]. It went through a facelift starting in 2004, with the opening of a new terminal in 2007, costing more than $100 million USD.

A second airport, [[Erebuni Airport]], is located just south of the city, but is mainly used by the military.

===Bus===
Since 1949, [[trolleybuses]] operate the streets of Yerevan. The city used to have [[tram]]ways as well, but these were decommissioned in January, 2004.

===Metro===
The [[Yerevan Metro]] is a [[rapid transit]] system that serves the capital city.
Its interior resembles that of western former Soviet nations with chandeliers hanging
from the corridors. The metro stations had most of their names changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Independence of
the Republic of Armenia.

==Economy==
[[Image:Northern-yerevan12.jpg|thumb|250px|The Northern Avenue]]
[[Image:Republic_Square_N.jpg|thumb|250px|Republic Square]]
Yerevan is Armenia's industrial, transportation, and cultural center. Manufactures include chemicals, primary metals, [[machinery]], [[rubber]] products, plastics, [[textiles]], and processed food. Not only is Yerevan the headquarters of major Armenian companies, but of international ones as well, as it's seen as an attractive outsourcing location for Western European, Russian and [[United States|American]] multinationals. Recently, [[Lycos]] moved its headquarters from Paris to Yerevan.{{Fact|date=October 2007}} Yerevan is also the country's financial hub, home to the Armenian National Bank, the Armenian Stock Exchange, as well as some of the country's largest commercial banks.

===Development===
Recently, Yerevan has been undergoing an extensive and controversial redevelopment process in which Czarist and Soviet-period buildings have been demolished and replaced with new buildings. This urban renewal plan has been met with opposition and ([http://www.armenianow.com/?action=viewArticle&CID=1258&IID=1042&AID=1054]) criticism from some residents. [[Jermaine Jackson]] has planned to build an entertainment complex in a new 5-star hotel which is being built in the [[city]].

==Mayors of Yerevan==
====Soviet Armenia (1922-1991)====
* 1989-1990: [[Artashes Geghamyan]]
====Republic of Armenia (1991-Present)====
* 1990-1992: [[Hambartsoum Galstyan]]
* 1992-1996: [[Vahagn Khachatryan]]
* 1996: [[Ashot Mirzoyan]]
* 1996-1998: [[Vano Siradeghyan]]
* 1998-1999: [[Suren Abrahamyan]]
* 1999-2001: [[Albert Bazeyan]]
* 2001-2003: [[Robert Nazaryan]]
* 2003-Present: [[Yervand Zakharyan]]

==Monuments, movie theaters and other buildings==
{| style="background:transparent; font-size:95%;"
| [[Cascades, Yerevan|Cascades]]
| Massive white steps that ascend from downtown Yerevan towards Haghtanak Park (Victory Park).
|-
| [[Cossack Monument]]
| A monument to the [[Cossacks]] killed during the [[Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)|Russian-Persian wars in 1826-1827]].
|-
| [[Hamalir]]
| Concert hall and sports complex.
|-
| [[Matenadaran]]
| Institute of Ancient Manuscripts. One of the richest depositories of manuscripts and books in the world.
|-
| [[Moscow Cinema]] (''Kino Moskva''){{nbsp|4}}
| Famous movie theater.
|-
| [[Mother Armenia]]
| A statue located in Haghtanak Park (Victory Park).
|-
| [[Nairi Cinema]] (''Kino Nairi'')
| Famous movie theater.
|-
| [[Pantheon Cemetery]]
| Cemetery where many famous Armenians are buried.
|-
| [[David of Sasun|Sasuntsi Davit]]
| A statue dedicated to a famous Armenian hero.
|-
| [[Haik|Statue of Hayk]]
| Statue of a legendary [[patriarch]] and founder of the Armenian nation.
|-
| [[Tsitsernakaberd]]
| Monument commemorating the victims of the [[Armenian Genocide]].
|-
| [[Yerablur]]
| Cemetery where Armenians that fought in the [[Nagorno-Karabakh War]] are buried.
|-
| [[Yerevan Zoo]]
| Yerevan zoo.
|}

==City districts==
Yerevan is divided into several [[district]]s, each with an elected community leader:
{{columns |width=170px
|col1 =
* [[Ajapnyak]]
* [[Arabkir District|Arabkir]]*
* [[Avan]]
* [[Bangladesh (district)|Bangladesh]]
* [[Davtashen]]
* [[Erebuni District|Erebuni]]
* [[Kentron District|Kentron]]
|col2 =
* [[Malatia-Sebastia]]
* [[Nor-Nork]]
* [[Nork-Marash]]
* [[Nubarashen]]
* [[Qanaqer-Zeytun]]
* [[Shengavit]]
}}
<span style="padding-left:0.5em; font-size:90%;">* Named for the town [[Arabkir]].</span>

==Sister cities==

Currently, Yerevan has twenty-eight [[sister cities]].
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;"

!width="150" bgcolor=#f9f9f9|City
!width="150" bgcolor=#f9f9f9|Country
!width="150" bgcolor=#f9f9f9|Year

|-
|'''[[Moscow]]'''
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
|

|-
|'''[[Rostov-on-Don]]'''
|{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia
|

|-
|'''[[Saint Petersburg]]'''
|{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia
|

|-
|'''[[Stavropol]]'''
|{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia
|

|-
|'''[[Volgograd]]'''
|{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia
|''From 1998''

|-
|'''[[Lyon]]'''
|{{flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|

|-
|'''[[Nice]]'''
|{{flagicon|France}} France
|''From 2007''<ref>[http://armenpress.am/eng/news/culture.htm Armenpress<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

|-
|'''[[Marseille]]'''
|{{flagicon|France}} France
|

|-
|'''[[Paris]]'''
|{{flagicon|France}} France
|''From 1998''

|-
|'''[[Carrara]]'''
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]]
|''From 1965''

|-
|'''[[Florence]]'''
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italy
|

|-
|'''[[Kiev]]'''
|{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]]
|

|-
|'''[[Odessa]]'''
|{{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukraine
|

|-
|'''[[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]]'''
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[United States]]
|''From 2006''<ref>http://clkrep.lacity.org/councilfiles/05-1748_rpt_cla_10-17-06.pdf</ref>

|-
|'''[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, MA]]'''
|{{flagicon|USA}} United States
|

|-
|'''[[Buenos Aires]]'''
|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentina]]
|

|-
|'''[[São Paulo, São Paulo|São Paulo]]'''
|{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazil]]
|''From 1999''

|-
|'''[[Montreal]]'''
|{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canada]]
|
{{Fact|date=February 2008}}
|-
|'''[[Athens]]'''
|{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]]
|

|-
|'''[[Bratislava]]'''
|{{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Slovakia]]
|

|-
|'''[[Chişinău]]'''
|{{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]]
|

|-
|'''[[Minsk]]'''
|{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Belarus]]
|

|-
|'''[[Podgorica]]'''
|{{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Montenegro]]
|''From 2006''

|-
|'''[[Tbilisi]]'''
|{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
|

|-
|'''[[Beirut]]'''
|{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanon]]
|

|-
|'''[[Damascus]]'''
|{{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]]
|

|-
|'''[[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]]'''
|{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]]
|

|-
|'''[[Antananarivo]]'''
|{{flagicon|Madagascar}} [[Madagascar]]
|
|}

==Education==
===Universities===
Universities in Yerevan include:
{| width="90%" class="wikitable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
!colspan="2"| Institute
! Official website !! Date<br/>established !! Student<br/>population
|-
| [[American University of Armenia]] || AUA
| http://www.aua.am ||align="right"| 1991 ||align="right"| 268
|-
| [[Eurasia International University]] || EIU
| http://eurasiaiu.com/en/eiu||align="right"| 1996 ||align="right"| 550
|-
| [[State Engineering University of Armenia]] || SEUA
| http://www.seua.am ||align="right"| 1933 ||align="right"| 10,000
|-
| [[Yerevan State University]] || YSU
| http://www.ysu.am ||align="right"| [[May 16]], [[1919]] ||align="right"| 10,450
|-
| [[Yerevan State Linguistic University]] || YSLU
| http://www.brusov.am ||align="right"| [[February 4]], [[1935]] ||align="right"|
|-
| [[Yerevan State Medical University]] || YSMU
| http://www.ysmu.am ||align="right"| 1930 ||align="right"|
|-
| [[Yerevan State Musical Conservatory]] || YSC
| http://www.conservatory.am ||align="right"| 1921 ||align="right"|
|-
| [[Yerevan State Pedagogical University]] || YSPU
| ||align="right"| 1922 ||align="right"|
|-
| [[Russian-Armenian State University]] || RAU
| http://www.rau.am ||align="right"| [[August 29]], [[1997]] ||align="right"| 1,600
|-

|}

==Sports==
===Football (soccer) teams===
{|style="margin:0 0 0 1em; background:#ffffff; border:1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; font-size:95%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"
|- style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:2px solid gray;"
! Club !! Stadium
|-
|[[FC Ararat Yerevan]] || [[Hrazdan Stadium]]</tr>
|[[FC Banants]] || [[Banants Stadium]]</tr>
|[[FC Kilikia Yerevan]] || [[Hrazdan Stadium]]</tr>
|[[FC Uliss Yerevan]] || [[Kazak Stadium]]</tr>
|[[FC MIKA]] || [[Mika Stadium]]</tr>
|[[FC Pyunik]] || [[Hanrapetakan Stadium]]</tr>
|[[Yerevan United FC]] || [[Hanrapetakan Stadium]]</tr>
|[[FC Dinamo Yerevan]] || </tr>
|[[Erebuni Yerevan]] || </tr>
|[[Kanaz Yerevan]] || </tr>
|[[Lernayin Artsakh]] || </tr>
|[[Malatia Yerevan]] || </tr>
|[[Nairit Yerevan]] || </tr>
|[[Van Yerevan]] || </tr>
|[[Yerazank Yerevan]] || </tr>
|[[FC Yerevan]] || </tr>
|}

==Notable people==
Notable people who are from or have resided in Yerevan:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* [[Khachatur Abovian]], writer
* [[Vladimir Akopian]], chess player
* [[Viktor Ambartsumian]], astrophysicist
* [[Levon Aronian]], chess player
* [[Alexander Arutiunian]], composer
* [[Gokor Chivichyan]], judoka
* [[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]], actor
* [[Gevorg Emin]], poet
* [[Djivan Gasparyan]], composer
* [[Silva Kaputikyan]], poet
* [[Sergei Khachatryan]], violinist
* [[Leonid Azgaldyan]], commander of the freedom fighter troops
* [[Aram Khachaturian]], composer
* [[Edgar Manucharyan]], soccer player
{{col-2}}
* [[Armen Movsessian]], violinist
* [[Shavo Odadjian]], bassist ([[System of a Down|S.O.A.D.]])
* [[Sergei Parajanov]], film director
* [[Karo Parisyan]], UFC fighter
* [[Sargis Sargsian]], tennis player
* [[Rafik Khachatryan]], sculptor
* [[Misak Sargsian]], physicist
* [[Gevorg Sargsyan]], opera conductor
* [[Martiros Saryan]], painter
* [[Alexander Shirvanzade]], writer
* [[Levon Ter-Petrossian]], first president of Republic of Armenia (1991-1998)
* [[Samvel Yervinyan]], violinist
* [[Arax Mansourian]], opera singer
* [[Tigran Mansurian]],Grammy nominated composer
{{col-end}}

==Gallery==
===Yerevan===
<gallery>
Image:Armenia Matenadaran.jpg|[[Matenadaran]] archives
Image:Mayr Hayrenik03.jpg|[[Mother Armenia]]
Image:Cathedrale-erevan003.jpg|[[St. Gregory the Illuminator]] [[Cathedral]]
Image:Pectopah-erevan.jpg|[[Hammer and sickle]] statue
Image:SasuntsiDavid y estacion de tren Yerevan.JPG|Statue of [[David of Sasun]]
Image:WaterWorld Yerevan.jpg|Water World entertainment park
Image:Yerevan_State_Playhouse.jpg|The [[Hagop Baronian|Baronian]] Musical Comedy Theater
Image:Hrazdan Stadium.JPG|[[Hrazdan Stadium]]
Image:Sayat-Nova-DSC07919.jpg|[[Sayat-Nova]] statue
Image:Yerevansquarea.jpg|[[National Gallery of Armenia|National Gallery]], Republic Square, Yerevan
Image:Hraparak fountains02.jpg|Fountains in front of the National Gallery, Republic Square, Yerevan
Image:Tsitsernakaberd.jpg|[[Tsitsernakaberd|Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial]]
</gallery>

===Historical photographs of Yerevan under Imperial Russia===
<gallery>
Image:Erivan1796.jpg|Yerevan in 1796
Image:Erivanrussianchurch.jpg|Yerevan's Russian Orthodox Church
Image:Erivanmosque.jpg|Minaret of the Urban Mosque of Yerevan
Image:Erivanbluemosque.jpg|The Gök-Jami ("[[Blue Mosque, Yerevan|Blue Mosque]]") in Yerevan.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Radio Yerevan]]
* [[Zvartnots Airport]]
* [[Yerevan Physics Institute]]
* [[Yerevan Metro]]
* [[Yerevan TV Tower]]
* [[Yerevan drive]]

==Footnotes==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

==References==
* The capitals of Armenia, Sergey Vardanyan, ''Apolo'' 1995 , ISBN 5-8079-0778-7
* My Yerevan, G. Zakoyan, M. Sivaslian, V. Navasardian, ''Acnalis'' 2001, ISBN 99930-902-0-4

== External links ==
{{commons|Yerewan}}
* [http://www.yerevan.am Yerevan Municipality webpage in Armenian, English and Russian]
* [http://www.yerevan.ru Yerevan.ru The capital of Armenia online (Russian)]
* [http://www.yerevannights.com About Yerevan]
* [http://www.tacentral.com Erebuni History and excavation description, edited by Rick Ney]
* [http://www.ArmeniaNow.com Online News From Armenia. Edited by John Hughes.]
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Yerevan Yerevan article on Armeniapedia]
* [http://www.cilicia.com/armo5_yerevan.html Yerevan article on Cilicia.com]
* [http://www.armeniainfo.am/sites/?section=regions_desc&site_id=11 Armenia Info Yerevan page]
* [http://yerevansights.info/ Photos of Yerevan Sights]
* [http://www.urbanrail.net/as/yere/yerevan.htm The Yerevan Metro system]
* [http://www.haias.net/CD-Yerevan.html Interactive CD - Yerevan Virtual]
* [http://sketchup.google.es/3dwarehouse/details?mid=53c55b0103b45d8342b8a4f70b9151d5 3d Models in Yerevan]
* [http://www.hovhaness.org/ The Alan Hovhaness International Research Centre in Yerevan]

{{Administrative divisions of Armenia}}
{{Cities and towns in Armenia}}

<!--Categories-->
[[Category:Yerevan| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Armenia]]
[[Category:Provinces of Armenia]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Armenia]]
[[Category:Capitals in Europe]]
[[Category:Capitals in Asia]]
[[Category:Capitals serving as first-level administrative divisions]]
[[Category:780s BC establishments]]

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[[af:Jerevan]]
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Revision as of 21:25, 30 March 2008

Yerevan
Երեվան
Flag of Yerevan
Flag
Official seal of Yerevan
Seal
Location of Yerevan in Armenia
Location of Yerevan in Armenia
Country Armenia
Established782 BC
Government
 • MayorYervand Zakharyan
Area
 • Total227 km2 (88 sq mi)
Elevation
989.4 m (3,246.1 ft)
Population
 (2007)[1]
 • Total1,107,800
 • Density5,196.4/km2 (13,459/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+4 (GMT+4)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+5 (GMT+5)
Websitewww.yerevan.am

Yerevan (Template:PronEng, Armenian: Երևան or Երեւան), sometimes written as Erevan, former names include Erebuni, Revan, and Erivan - is the capital and largest city of Armenia. It is situated on the Hrazdan River, and is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the Urartian fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC.[2] Eventually, the name Erebuni evolved in the Armenian language in the 5th or 4th century BC, with the letter b in the name, for example, becoming v.[3]

History

Early history

The remains of the Erebuni Fortress, which was built by king Argišti in 782 BC.

According to Armenian tradition, the name of Yerevan is derived from an expression exclaimed by Noah in Armenian while looking in the direction of Yerevan, after the ark had landed on Mount Ararat and after the flood waters had receded: "Yerevants!" ("it appeared!").[3] The more plausible theory on the origin of the name is that the city was named after the Armenian king, Yervand the Third (the Last), the last leader of the Orontid Dynasty and founder of the city of Yervandashat[3].

The territory of Yerevan was settled in the fourth millennium BC, fortified settlements from the Bronze Age include Shengavit, Tsitsernakaberd, Karmir Blur, Arin Berd, Karmir Berd and Berdadzor. Archaeological evidence indicates that an Urartian military fortress called Erebuni (Էրեբունի) was founded in 782 BC by the orders of King Argishtis I at the site of current-day Yerevan, to serve as a fort and citadel guarding against attacks from the north Caucasus.[3] Yerevan is thus one of the most ancient cities in the world. During the height of Urartian power, irrigation canals and an artificial reservoir were built on Yerevan's territory.

Between the sixth and fourth centuries BC, Yerevan was one of the main centers of the Armenian satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. In 585 BC, the fortress of Teishebaini (Karmir Blur), thirty miles to the north of Yerevan, was destroyed by the Scythians.

Due to the absence of historical data, the timespan between fourth century BC and third century AD is known as the Yerevan Dark Ages. The first church in Yerevan, the church of St. Peter and Paul, was built in the fifth century. It was demolished in 1931 and a cinema built on its site.

Foreign occupation

An illustration of Yerevan by the French traveler Jean Chardin in 1673.

In 658 AD, Yerevan was conquered, during the height of Arab invasions. Since then the site has been strategically important as a crossroads for the caravan routes passing between Europe and India. It has been known as "Yerevan" since at least the seventh century AD. Between the ninth and eleventh centuries, Yerevan was a secure part of the Armenian Bagratuni Kingdom, before being overrun by Seljuks. The city was seized and pillaged by Tamerlane in 1387 and subsequently became an administrative center of the Ilkhanate. Due to its strategic significance, Yerevan was constantly fought over and passed back and forth between the dominion of Persia and the Ottomans.

At the height of the Turkish-Persian wars, the city changed hands fourteen times between 1513 and 1737. In 1604, under the order of Shah Abbas I, tens of thousands of Armenians (including citizens of Yerevan) were deported to Persia. As a consequence, Yerevan's khanat population became 80 percent Muslim (Persians, Turco-Mongols, Kurds) and 20 percent native Armenian. Muslims were either sedentary, semi-sedentary, or nomadic. Armenians lived in Erevan or the villages. The Armenians dominated the various professions and trade in the area and were of great economic significance to the Persian administration. [4] The Ottomans, Safavids and Ilkhanids all maintained a mint in Yerevan. During the 1670s, the Frenchman Jean Chardin visited Yerevan and gave a description of the city in his Travels of Cavalier Chardin in Transcaucasia in 1672-1673. On June 7, 1679, a devastating earthquake razed the city to the ground. During the Safavid Dynasty rule, Yerevan and adjacent territories were part of the Chukhursaad (Irevan) Beglerbekate. Starting from 1747, it was part of the Erivan khanate, a Muslim principality under the dominion of the Persian Empire. This lasted until 1828 when the region was incorporated into Russian Empire.

The coat of arms of the Erivan Governorate.

Russian governance

During the second Russian-Persian war, Yerevan was captured [3][5][6] by Russian troops under general Ivan Paskevich on 1 October, 1827. It was formally ceded by the Persians in 1828, following the Treaty of Turkmenchay. Tsarist Russia sponsored Armenian resettlement from Persia and Turkey; by the turn of the twentieth century, Yerevan's population was over 29,000, of which 49% were Muslim (mostly Azerbaijani Tatars), 48% Christian Armenian and 2% Russian.[7] It served as the seat of the newly-formed Armenian oblast and subsequently the Erivan Governorate.

The city began to grow economically and politically, with old buildings torn down and new buildings in European style erected in their place. In 1829, Armenian repatriates from Persia were resettled in the city and a new quarter was built. By the time of Nicholas I's visit in 1837, Yerevan had become a uyezd.

The first general plan of the city was made in 1854, during which time the women's colleges of St. Hripsime and St. Gayane were opened and the English Garden built. In 1874, Zacharia Gevorkian opened Yerevan's first printing house and in 1879 the first theatre, sited near the church of St. Peter and Paul, was established. Two years into the twentieth century, a railway line linked Yerevan with Alexandropol, Tiflis and Julfa, the same year Yerevan's first public library opened. In 1913, a telephone line with eighty subscribers became operational.

Brief independence (1917–1920)

The Russian Empire ended in the October Revolution of 1917. In the aftermath, Armenian, Georgian and Muslim leaders of Transcaucasia united to form the Transcaucasian Federation and proclaimed Transcaucasia's secession.

The Federation, however, was short-lived and on May 28, 1918, Yerevan became the capital of the Democratic Republic of Armenia. On November 29, 1920, the Bolshevik 11th Red Army occupied Yerevan during the Russian Civil War. Although nationalist forces managed to retake the city in February 1921, the city once again fell to Soviet forces on April 2, 1921.

Soviet Yerevan

Yerevan's opera house was built between 1926 to 1953, as part of architect Alexander Tamanian's plans to redesign the city.

Yerevan became the capital of the newly formed Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the fifteen republics of the Soviet Union. The Soviet era transformed the city into a modern industrial metropolis of over a million people, developed according to the prominent Armenian architect Alexander Tamanian's designs. Yerevan also became a significant scientific and cultural center.

Tamanian incorporated national traditions with contemporary urban construction. His design presented a radial-circular arrangement that overlaid the existing city. As a result, many historic buildings were demolished, including churches, mosques, the Persian fortress, baths, bazaars and caravanserais. Many of the surrounding districts around Yerevan were named after former Armenian communities that were decimated by the Ottoman Turks during the Armenian Genocide. The districts of Malatya-Sebastia and Nork Marash, for example, were named after the towns Malatya, Sivas, Turkey, and Marash, respectively. Following the end of the Second World War, German POWs were used to help in the construction of new buildings and structures, such as the Kievyan Bridge.

In 1965, during the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, Yerevan was the center of a 24-hour mass anti-Soviet protest, the first such demonstration in the Soviet Union, to demand recognition of the Genocide by the Soviet authorities.[8] In 1968, the city's 2,750th anniversary was commemorated.

Yerevan played a key role in the Armenian national democratic movement that emerged during the Gorbachev era of the 1980s. The reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika opened questions on issues such as the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, the environment, Russification, corruption, democracy, and eventually independence. At the beginning of 1988, nearly one million Yerevantsis engaged in demonstrations concerning these subjects, centered on Theater Square.[9]

Post-USSR independence

Following the end of the Soviet Union, Yerevan became the capital of the Republic of Armenia on September 21, 1991. Maintaining supplies of gas and electricity proved difficult; constant electricity was not restored until 1996. Also in the last five years, central Yerevan has been transformed into a vast construction site, with cranes seemingly outnumbering trees. Officially, the scores of multi-storied buildings are part of large-scale urban planning projects. Roughly $1.8 billion was spent on such construction in 2006, according to the national statistical service. Prices for downtown apartments have increased by about ten times over the last decade, realtors say. However, some experts have voiced their opinions, and have asserted that many of the new edifices violate urban planning and earthquake safety requirements.

Political demonstrations still occur in Yerevan, usually as a result of disputed election results. Recently, unrest in the capital between the authorities and opposition demonstrators led by ex-President Levon Ter-Petrossian occurred after the 2008 Armenian presidential election. The events resulted in eight deaths and a subsequent 20-day state of emergency declared by President Robert Kocharian.[10]

Geography

Yerevan from space.

Yerevan is located in Eastern Armenia in the north-eastern part of the Ararat Valley. The upper part of the city is surrounded by mountains on three sides while to the south it descends to the banks of the river Hrazdan, a tributary of the river Arax. The Hrazdan divides Yerevan in two within a picturesque canyon. The city's elevation ranges between 900 to 1,300 m (3,000 to 4,300 ft) above sea level.

As the capital of Armenia, Yerevan is not part of any marz ("province"). Instead, it borders the following marzer: Kotayk (north), Ararat (south), Armavir (southwest) and Aragatsotn (northwest).

Climate

Yerevan
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
29
 
 
−2
−9
 
 
25
 
 
1
−8
 
 
28
 
 
10
−1
 
 
48
 
 
19
6
 
 
53
 
 
24
10
 
 
23
 
 
31
14
 
 
15
 
 
34
17
 
 
8
 
 
33
18
 
 
13
 
 
28
13
 
 
23
 
 
21
7
 
 
31
 
 
10
1
 
 
28
 
 
3
−3
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: BBC Weather
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.1
 
 
28
16
 
 
1
 
 
34
18
 
 
1.1
 
 
50
30
 
 
1.9
 
 
66
43
 
 
2.1
 
 
75
50
 
 
0.9
 
 
88
57
 
 
0.6
 
 
93
63
 
 
0.3
 
 
91
64
 
 
0.5
 
 
82
55
 
 
0.9
 
 
70
45
 
 
1.2
 
 
50
34
 
 
1.1
 
 
37
27
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

The climate of Yerevan is relatively continental, with dry, hot summers and cold and short winters. The temperature in August can reach 40 °C (104 °F), while January may be as cold as -15 °C (5 °F). The amount of precipitation is small, amounting annually to about 350 mm (14 in).


Culture

The Opera House illuminated at night.

As a centre of Armenian culture, Yerevan is the site of Yerevan State University (1919), the Armenian Academy of Sciences, a historical museum, an opera house, a music conservatory and several technical institutes. The Matenadaran archives hold a rich collection of valuable ancient Armenian, Greek, Assyrian, Hebrew, Roman and Persian manuscripts. Yerevan has several large public libraries, a number of museums and theaters, botanical gardens and zoos. It is also at the heart of an extensive rail network and is a major trading centre for agricultural products. In addition, industries in the city produce metals, machine tools, electrical equipment, chemicals, textiles and food products.

Two major tourist attractions are the Opera House, the ruins of an Urartu fortress and a Roman fortress. The Armenia Marriott Hotel is situated in the heart of the city at Republic Square (also known as Hraparak).

Transportation

Air

Yerevan is served by the Zvartnots International Airport, located 10 km west of the city center. The airport was bought by multi-millionaire Argentine-Armenian businessman Eduardo Eurnekian. It went through a facelift starting in 2004, with the opening of a new terminal in 2007, costing more than $100 million USD.

A second airport, Erebuni Airport, is located just south of the city, but is mainly used by the military.

Bus

Since 1949, trolleybuses operate the streets of Yerevan. The city used to have tramways as well, but these were decommissioned in January, 2004.

Metro

The Yerevan Metro is a rapid transit system that serves the capital city. Its interior resembles that of western former Soviet nations with chandeliers hanging from the corridors. The metro stations had most of their names changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Independence of the Republic of Armenia.

Economy

The Northern Avenue
File:Republic Square N.jpg
Republic Square

Yerevan is Armenia's industrial, transportation, and cultural center. Manufactures include chemicals, primary metals, machinery, rubber products, plastics, textiles, and processed food. Not only is Yerevan the headquarters of major Armenian companies, but of international ones as well, as it's seen as an attractive outsourcing location for Western European, Russian and American multinationals. Recently, Lycos moved its headquarters from Paris to Yerevan.[citation needed] Yerevan is also the country's financial hub, home to the Armenian National Bank, the Armenian Stock Exchange, as well as some of the country's largest commercial banks.

Development

Recently, Yerevan has been undergoing an extensive and controversial redevelopment process in which Czarist and Soviet-period buildings have been demolished and replaced with new buildings. This urban renewal plan has been met with opposition and ([1]) criticism from some residents. Jermaine Jackson has planned to build an entertainment complex in a new 5-star hotel which is being built in the city.

Mayors of Yerevan

Soviet Armenia (1922-1991)

Republic of Armenia (1991-Present)

Monuments, movie theaters and other buildings

Cascades Massive white steps that ascend from downtown Yerevan towards Haghtanak Park (Victory Park).
Cossack Monument A monument to the Cossacks killed during the Russian-Persian wars in 1826-1827.
Hamalir Concert hall and sports complex.
Matenadaran Institute of Ancient Manuscripts. One of the richest depositories of manuscripts and books in the world.
Moscow Cinema (Kino Moskva)     Famous movie theater.
Mother Armenia A statue located in Haghtanak Park (Victory Park).
Nairi Cinema (Kino Nairi) Famous movie theater.
Pantheon Cemetery Cemetery where many famous Armenians are buried.
Sasuntsi Davit A statue dedicated to a famous Armenian hero.
Statue of Hayk Statue of a legendary patriarch and founder of the Armenian nation.
Tsitsernakaberd Monument commemorating the victims of the Armenian Genocide.
Yerablur Cemetery where Armenians that fought in the Nagorno-Karabakh War are buried.
Yerevan Zoo Yerevan zoo.

City districts

Yerevan is divided into several districts, each with an elected community leader:

Column-generating template families

The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using {{col-float}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{col-float-end}} would leave a <div>...</div> open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.

Column templates
Type Family
Handles wiki
table code?†
 Responsive/
mobile suited 		Start template Column divider End template
Float "col-float" Yes Yes {{col-float}} {{col-float-break}} {{col-float-end}}
"columns-start" Yes Yes {{columns-start}} {{column}} {{columns-end}}
Columns "div col" Yes Yes {{div col}} – {{div col end}}
"columns-list" No Yes {{columns-list}} (wraps div col) – –
Flexbox "flex columns" No Yes {{flex columns}} – –
Table "col" Yes No {{col-begin}},
{{col-begin-fixed}} or
{{col-begin-small}} 		{{col-break}} or
{{col-2}} .. {{col-5}} 		{{col-end}}

† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead. * Named for the town Arabkir.

Sister cities

Currently, Yerevan has twenty-eight sister cities.

City Country Year
Moscow Russia Russia
Rostov-on-Don Russia Russia
Saint Petersburg Russia Russia
Stavropol Russia Russia
Volgograd Russia Russia From 1998
Lyon France France
Nice France France From 2007[11]
Marseille France France
Paris France France From 1998
Carrara Italy Italy From 1965
Florence Italy Italy
Kiev Ukraine Ukraine
Odessa Ukraine Ukraine
Los Angeles United States United States From 2006[12]
Cambridge, MA United States United States
Buenos Aires Argentina Argentina
São Paulo Brazil Brazil From 1999
Montreal Canada Canada [citation needed]
Athens Greece Greece
Bratislava Slovakia Slovakia
Chişinău Moldova Moldova
Minsk Belarus Belarus
Podgorica Montenegro Montenegro From 2006
Tbilisi Georgia (country) Georgia
Beirut Lebanon Lebanon
Damascus Syria Syria
Isfahan Iran Iran
Antananarivo Madagascar Madagascar

Education

Universities

Universities in Yerevan include:

Institute Official website Date
established		 Student
population
American University of Armenia AUA http://www.aua.am 1991 268
Eurasia International University EIU http://eurasiaiu.com/en/eiu 1996 550
State Engineering University of Armenia SEUA http://www.seua.am 1933 10,000
Yerevan State University YSU http://www.ysu.am May 16, 1919 10,450
Yerevan State Linguistic University YSLU http://www.brusov.am February 4, 1935
Yerevan State Medical University YSMU http://www.ysmu.am 1930
Yerevan State Musical Conservatory YSC http://www.conservatory.am 1921
Yerevan State Pedagogical University YSPU 1922
Russian-Armenian State University RAU http://www.rau.am August 29, 1997 1,600

Sports

Football (soccer) teams

Club Stadium
FC Ararat Yerevan Hrazdan Stadium
FC Banants Banants Stadium
FC Kilikia Yerevan Hrazdan Stadium
FC Uliss Yerevan Kazak Stadium
FC MIKA Mika Stadium
FC Pyunik Hanrapetakan Stadium
Yerevan United FC Hanrapetakan Stadium
FC Dinamo Yerevan
Erebuni Yerevan
Kanaz Yerevan
Lernayin Artsakh
Malatia Yerevan
Nairit Yerevan
Van Yerevan
Yerazank Yerevan
FC Yerevan

Notable people

Notable people who are from or have resided in Yerevan:

Yerevan

Historical photographs of Yerevan under Imperial Russia

  • Yerevan in 1796
    Yerevan in 1796
  • Yerevan's Russian Orthodox Church
    Yerevan's Russian Orthodox Church
  • Minaret of the Urban Mosque of Yerevan
    Minaret of the Urban Mosque of Yerevan
  • The Gök-Jami ("Blue Mosque") in Yerevan.
    The Gök-Jami ("Blue Mosque") in Yerevan.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Armenia's Population 3,229,900 On Jan 1, 2008". Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  2. ^ Katsenelinboĭgen, Aron (1990). The Soviet Union: Empire, Nation and Systems. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. p. 143. ISBN 0887383327.
  3. ^ a b c d e Baghdasaryan A., Simonyan A; et al. (1977). The Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. Yerevan, Armenian SSR (in Armenian). Vol. III. Yerevan. pp. 548–564. {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Encyclopaedia Iranica (George A. Bournoutian and Robert H. Hewsen, Erevan)
  5. ^ Ferro, Mark (2003). The Use and Abuse of History: How the Past Is Taught to Children. London: Routledge. p. 233. ISBN 0415285925.
  6. ^ Kirakossian, Arman J. (2003). British Diplomacy and the Armenian Question: From the 1830s to 1914. New York: Gomidas Institute Books. p. 142. ISBN 1884630073.
  7. ^ Template:Ru icon Erivan in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1890-1907.
  8. ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (1993). The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 122. ISBN 0804722471.
  9. ^ Malkasian, Mark (1996). Gha-ra-bagh!: The Emergence of the National Democratic Movement in Armenia. Wayne State University Press. p. 41. ISBN 0814326056.
  10. ^ At Least Eight Killed In Armenian Post-Election Unrest", Armenia Liberty ([RFE/RL]), March 2, 2008.
  11. ^ Armenpress
  12. ^ http://clkrep.lacity.org/councilfiles/05-1748_rpt_cla_10-17-06.pdf

References

  • The capitals of Armenia, Sergey Vardanyan, Apolo 1995 , ISBN 5-8079-0778-7
  • My Yerevan, G. Zakoyan, M. Sivaslian, V. Navasardian, Acnalis 2001, ISBN 99930-902-0-4
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