Interstate 96: Difference between revisions

Interstate 96
Interstate 96
	I-96 highlighted in red
Route information
	Maintained by MDOT
Length	192.032 mi (309.046 km)
Existed	1959–present
NHS	Entire route
Major junctions
West end	US 31 in Norton Shores
	US 131 in Walker; I-196 in Grand Rapids; I-69 near Lansing; I-496 / US 127 in Lansing; US 23 in Brighton; I-275 / I-696 / M-5 in Farmington Hills; I-275 / M-14 near Livonia; US 24 in Redford; I-94 in Detroit
East end	I-75 in Detroit
Location
Country	United States
State	Michigan
Counties	Muskegon, Ottawa, Kent, Ionia, Clinton, Eaton, Ingham, Livingston, Oakland, Wayne
Highway system
	Interstate Highway System; Main; Auxiliary; Suffixed; Business; Future; Michigan State Trunkline Highway System; Interstate; US; State; Byways;

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Revision as of 05:35, 1 June 2013

Interstate 96 (I-96) is an Interstate Highway that runs for approximately 192 miles (309 km) entirely within the US state of Michigan. The western terminus is at an interchange with US Highway 31 (US 31) and Business US 31 (BUS US 31) on the western boundary of Norton Shores southeast of Muskegon, and the eastern terminus is at I-75 near the Ambassador Bridge in Detroit. From Grand Rapids through Lansing to Detroit, the freeway parallels Grand River Avenue, never straying more than a few miles from the deleted US 16. The Wayne County section of I-96 is named the Jeffries Freeway from its eastern terminus to the junction with I-275 and M-14. Though maps still refer to the freeway as the Jeffries, the portion within the city of Detroit was renamed by the state legislature as the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway in December 2005 in honor of the civil rights pioneer.

Grand River Avenue originated as an Indian trail before Michigan statehood. It later was used as a wagon road across the state. The roadway was included in the State Trunkline Highway System in 1919 as M-16 and later the United States Numbered Highway System as US 16. Construction of a freeway along the length of the corridor was proposed in the 1940s, and included as part of the Interstate Highway System in the mid-1950s. This construction was started in 1956 and initially completed across the state to Detroit in 1962. The proposed route for the Jeffries Freeway in Detroit was moved in the 1960s; it was built in the 1970s. I-96 was completed on November 21, 1977, in the Detroit area, closing the last gap along the route. Since then, additional interchanges and lanes have been added in places to accommodate traffic needs.

Route description

I-96 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) as a segment of the larger State Trunkline Highway System. In 2011, the department's traffic surveys showed that on average, 201,200 vehicles used the highway daily between 6 and 7 Mile roads in Livonia. Near Norton Shores, 20,638 vehicles did so each day between Airline and Fruitport roads. These are the highest and lowest counts along the highway, respectively.^[3] As an Interstate Highway, all of I-96 is included in the National Highway System,^[4] a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.^[5] In addition, the highway in Detroit has been named by the Michigan Legislature the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway to honor the civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks.^[6] The segment from Livonia east to I-275 is the Jeffries Freeway, named for a former mayor of Detroit, Edward Jeffries.^[7]

Muskegon to Grand Rapids

I-96 begins at a three-quarter cloverleaf interchange with US 31 northeast of the Muskegon County Airport in Norton Shores, near Muskegon. At the starting terminus, the highway has a grassy median and two lanes in each direction as it travels southeasterly through rural Muskegon County. The freeway is paralleled by Airline Highway in an area of with a mix of fields and residences as far as Fruitport. I-96 bypasses that village to the north and east before crossing into Ottawa County at Fruitport Road. After a distance of about Template:Convert/spell in the county, the trunkline reaches Nunica. The highway crosses the Crockery Creek and turns eastward toward Coopersville. The freeway runs parallel to the Grand River, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the north. Near Ironwood Drive, I-96 turns southeasterly again and goes through Marne.^[8]^[9]

Beyond Marne, I-96 passes the western end of M-11 and crosses into Kent County, curving around a rest area for the eastbound lanes. The freeway runs eastward through a light industrial area of the suburb of Walker as it enters the Grand Rapids metropolitan area. At the interchange with Alpine Avenue, M-37 merges onto the freeway and the two run concurrently past the studios for WZZM-TV^[8]^[9] with its iconic weatherball, a 16-foot-wide (4.9 m) sphere 100 feet (30 m) above the ground that uses colored lights to display a weather forecast.^[10] Adjacent to the studios are the ramps from eastbound I-96 to southbound US 131 and from northbound US 131 to westbound I-96.^[8]^[9] These ramps mark the northern end of I-296, an unsigned auxiliary Interstate highway designation applied to them and the US 131 freeway south to downtown Grand Rapids.^[2] I-96 turns northeasterly past a commercial area to a three-quarter cloverleaf interchange that provides all of the other connections with US 131 next to a crossing of the Grand River.^[8]^[9]

East of the river, I-96 and M-37 pass through the northern suburb of Comstock Park, intersecting Connector M-44 (CONN M-44, Plainfield Avenue) near Lamberton Lake. Past that interchange, the freeway angles southeasterly and then southward, bypassing Grand Rapids to the northeast. East of downtown, I-96/M-37 meets I-196 (Gerald R. Ford Freeway) at a partial interchange; traffic headed eastbound on I-196 must enter I-96 eastbound and only westbound I-96 traffic may enter I-196. Immediately east of the interchange is another for M-44 (East Beltline Avenue) where M-37 separates from the freeway to turn southward. Through this series of interchanges, I-96 curves to the east and then turns back southward after passing through them. There are two more interchanges for M-21 (Fulton Street) and Cascade Road before I-96 meets the eastern end of M-11 at 28th Street. The next interchange for 36th Street provides access to the Gerald R. Ford International Airport. The freeway continues to the east of the airport and then intersects the eastern end of M-6 (Paul B. Henry Freeway, South Beltline Freeway) at an interchange over the confluence of the Thornapple and Grand rivers.^[8]^[9]

Grand Rapids to Brighton

The freeway exits the edges of the Grand Rapids urban area past the interchange with M-6, turning due east and paralleling the northern edge of Cascade Road. I-96 curves to the south of Pratt Lake near the county line, crossing into Ionia County. Grand River Avenue is the frontage road as the freeway heads east through farm fields. South of Ionia, I-96 intersects M-66. Near Portland, the trunkline turns to the southeast to cross the Grand River again. On the east side of town, the freeway crosses Grand River Avenue, its former business spur into town. I-96 continues southeasterly, crossing into Clinton County, and passes the community of Eagle. Entering the western reaches of the Lansing metropolitan area, I-96 merges with I-69 and turns southward at an interchange in the southwestern corner of the county; this interchange also provides access to Business Loop I-96 (BL I-96, Grand River Avenue).^[8]^[9]

These two Interstates run southward together for about 6.5 miles (10.5 km) on the west side of the metropolitan area, picking up a third lane in each direction. The exit numbers and mileposts along the concurrency reflect those of I-96, which is considered the dominant designation of the pair. South of that interchange, the freeway crosses into Eaton County and over the Grand River. The trunkline passes near residential subdivisions, and next to the interchange for BL I-69/M-43 (Saginaw Highway), there is a large retail development. Further south, I-496 (Olds Freeway) branches off to run into downtown Lansing before the split between I-96 and I-69. I-69 turns southward while I-96 turns southeasterly, dropping back to four lanes in total. After the Lansing Road interchange, the freeway crosses the Grand River one last time and runs due east to bypass Lansing.^[8]^[9]

I-96 crosses into Ingham County and continues along the southern edges of the Lansing metro area. It passes through areas with residential subdivisions and commercial developments, coming to a pair of interchanges including one for the eastern end of BL I-96 (Cedar Street). Near the crossing of the Red Cedar River, I-96 goes through the interchange for I-496/US 127. East of that interchange, the freeway begins to exit the metro area as the landscape transitions back to farm fields. I-96 continues eastward, bypassing Williamston and Webberville to the south. Near the latter, the freeway turns more southeasterly and crosses into Livingston County.^[8]^[9]

In Livingston County, I-96 passes to the south of Fowlerville and Howell. Near the Livingston County Spencer J. Hardy Airport on the western edge of Howell, I-96 meets M-59, which carries the Howell business loop easterly to Grand River Avenue. The freeway expands to six lanes and runs parallel to Grand River Avenue on the southern side of town. The business loop reconnects near Lake Chemung on the east side of town, and I-96 turns further to the southeast. On the northeast side of Brighton, I-96 crosses over Grand River Avenue and the landscape transitions to include residential subdivisions. I-96 crosses US 23 and enters the far northwestern edge of Metro Detroit.^[8]^[9]

Metro Detroit

I-96 passes through an area with several lakes as it crosses into Oakland County. This area includes the Island Lake State Recreation Area to the south and the Kensington Metropark to the north of the freeway in an area where it crosses the Huron River. The Interstate runs through Wixom into Novi, where it passes to the south of the Twelve Oaks Mall. Southeast of the mall, I-96 enters a complex interchange on the border between Novi and Farmington Hills that connects it to M-5 (Haggerty Connector), I-275 and I-696 (Reuther Freeway). The trunkline drops a lane in each direction as it enters the interchange and turns southward. The freeway then merges into I-275 and increases to four lanes in each direction running south in Farmington Hills.^[9]^[11]

According to the Federal Highway Administration, I-275 ends at the junction with I-96 and M-14 along the boundary between Livonia and Plymouth Township and not at the interchange in Novi and Farmington Hills.^[a] MDOT considers I-275 to extend northward concurrently with I-96 to the Novi and Farmington Hills,^[11] and maps from other providers follow MDOT's lead and label the freeway north of M-14 as I-96/I-275.^[13]

I-96/I-275 runs southward for about Template:Convert/spell before crossing into Wayne County at the interchange with 8 Mile Road near the Meadowbrook Country Club. The freeway curves to the east around Schoolcraft College; then, south of 5 Mile Road, I-96 meets the interchange with M-14 and I-275 where it turns to the east along the Jeffries Freeway. To the north and south sides of I-96 are a pair of service drives named Schoolcraft Road^[9]^[11] which follow the 4 Mile location on the Mile Road System for Detroit.^[14] To the north of the Jeffries are residential neighborhoods and to the south are commercial or industrial areas. At Inkster Road, the freeway crosses into Redford Township where it intersects US 24 (Telegraph Road) near Eliza Howell Park. East of the park, I-96 enters Detroit.^[9]^[11]

Past the Outer Drive interchange, I-96 splits into a local-express lanes configuration. There are two carriageways in each direction, and the central ones have three lanes that bypass almost all of the exits while the outer ones have two lanes that have access to each exit. The Jeffries turns southeasterly and separates from Schoolcraft Avenue shifting Template:Convert/spell to the south. The interchange with M-39 (Southfield Freeway) features slip ramps so that traffic can pass between the local and express lanes. Further east, I-96 turns northeasterly to cross Grand River Avenue at the southern end of M-5. I-96 curves over to the interchange with M-8 (Davison Avenue) and the local-express configuration ends as the freeway turns back to the south to cross over Grand River Avenue.^[9]^[11]

From the crossing south of Davison, I-96 runs parallel to Grand River Avenue southeasterly with eight lanes total. The two run together as far as the interchange with I-94 (Edsel Ford Freeway) near Bishop Park. I-96 turns more south-southeasterly there through residential neighborhoods on Detroit's southeastern side. I-96 terminates at an interchange that connects it to I-75 (Fisher Freeway) and to the Ambassador Bridge.^[8]^[9]

History

Interstate 96 was mostly constructed in sections that opened from 1957 to 1962, but it was not completed in the Detroit area until 1977. Even before the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act was signed in 1956, the route was being planned as a replacement of the old US 16, which was decommissioned in 1962.

Beginnings

The Muskegon–Grand Rapids–Lansing–Detroit corridor was initially named the Grand River Road,^[15] an Indian trail^[16] that was designated as a military highway in 1825.^[17] The roadway was included as a branch of "Division 2" of the State Trunkline Highway System when that was created in May 1913.^[18] When the system was signposted in 1919,^[19] the highway was assigned the M-16 designation.^[20] Grand River Avenue was the first paved highway across the state when paving was completed in 1926.^[21] The entire highway was designated as part of US 16 later that year.^[22]

Map of — 1958 numbering plan for Michigan's Interstates

East of Grand Rapids, the highway was a major artery of national importance, and was added to the proposed "Interregional Highway System" as part of a northern route between Chicago and Detroit by the 1940s.^[23] A branch from Grand Rapids to Muskegon was added later that decade,^[24] and in 1957 the Chicago–Detroit route was labeled as part of Interstate 94, with Interstate 94N on the spur to Muskegon.^[25] Michigan, believing that this would "cause considerable confusion to the public", requested a change in April 1958, which would move I-94 to the shorter Kalamazoo route (which was planned as I-92), make the Muskegon–Detroit route I-96, and assign I-67 to the connection from I-94 to I-96 at Grand Rapids,^[26] but this was initially rejected by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO).^[27] By mid-1959, Michigan's plan had been approved, with one change: I-96 would take the south leg from I-94 at Benton Harbor to Grand Rapids, and the north leg to Muskegon would be I-196.^[28]

Construction of the Brighton–Farmington Expressway piece of the US 16 upgrade began in 1956,^[29] and, when a Template:Convert/spell piece opened on August 1, 1957, it was the first section of funded Interstate to open in Michigan.^[30] The entire 23-mile (37 km) freeway from east of Brighton to a bypass of Farmington was completed in December of that year.^[31] By early 1959, when signs for I-96 and I-196 were posted, 59 miles (95 km) of the "Detroit–Muskegon Freeway" had been completed and marked as US 16.^[1] With the scheduled opening of 51 miles (82 km) from west of Lansing to east of Howell, the entire route, except in the Detroit area, was to be open for travel on December 12, 1962.^[32] US 16 was decommissioned in the state at that time;^[33] the portions into Muskegon and Detroit, beyond the ends of the freeway, became separate related highways named Business Spur Interstate 196 (BS I-196) for Muskegon and for Detroit.^[34]

In 1963, the Michigan State Highway Department petitioned AASHO to again make the change it had requested back in 1958, moving I-96 over I-196 to end at Muskegon and renumbering I-96 west of Grand Rapids to I-67. The state cited problems with destination signing and numerous complaints from the public about confusion caused by the numbering.^[35] At their October 21, 1963 meeting, AASHO approved the relocation of I-96, but rejected I-67, stating that the number should be kept for a more major route in case the system is expanded, and instead assigned I-196 to the not-yet-complete Benton Harbor–Grand Rapids highway.^[36] With the scheduled completion of the Lodge Freeway on October 29, 1964, a full freeway route was available from I-96 into downtown Detroit via I-696 and the Lodge,^[37] but it would be some time before I-96 was finished into the city.^[38]

Construction of the Jeffries Freeway

The Detroit Expressway and Transit System plan, prepared in 1945 for the city of Detroit, included a Grand River Expressway, which was to parallel Grand River Avenue into downtown and relieve congestion on that artery. A rail line would be built in the median of the freeway west of West Chicago Street, where streetcars would exit onto the existing surface tracks on Grand River Avenue into downtown. The plan called for a future conversion to rapid transit with a grade-separated route to downtown.^[39] The Department of Street Railways determined in 1947 that the operation would cost $6 million per year, and the planned transit line was dropped from the plans. By 1961, the proposed highway was renamed the Jeffries Freeway, after Edward Jeffries, who served as Detroit mayor from 1940 to 1948.^[40]^[41]

The first piece of the Jeffries Freeway connected the Fisher Freeway (I-75) with the Ford Freeway (I-94) in 1970.^[42]^[43] It was extended northwest to Livernois Avenue (exit 188A) in July 1971,^[7] and then to Grand River Avenue at Schaefer Highway (exit 185) in 1973.^[44]^[45] In 1976, the freeway was extended west to the Southfield Freeway (exit 183), and the entire I-275 concurrent section was opened.^[46] The final piece was completed on November 21, 1977, connecting the Detroit section to I-275.^[38] The I-96 designation was assigned along the I-275 freeway south to the Jeffries Freeway, and eastward along the new freeway to the M-39 interchange; the remaining stub of I-96 around Farmington was redesignated as an extension of M-102 (now M-5).^[47]

Originally, the route of Interstate 96 from the east end of the existing freeway in Farmington through Detroit, named the Jeffries Freeway (commonly referred to as simply "the Jeffries"), was to closely parallel Grand River Avenue (formerly US 16).^[48] However, by 1963, several freeway revolts were taking place in urban locations throughout the country, including Detroit. Several of Detroit's planned freeways were modified, scaled back, or outright cancelled. To minimize the impact to existing communities and businesses, it was decided that the Jeffries Freeway would no longer utilize the Grand River Avenue corridor. Instead, the new I-96 freeway corridor would partially use the C&O Railroad right of way through the city of Livonia (ultimately being built over Schoolcraft Road), and utilize the planned I-275 freeway bypassing Detroit to the west to connect back to the existing freeway.^[49]

Subsequent history

Since the completion of I-96 in 1977, several changes to the freeway have taken place. Beginning in 1984, an extension of the US 27 freeway (later to become I-69) bypassing Lansing opened; US 27 was then cosigned with I-96 along the western side of Lansing.^[50]^[51] Three years later, the I-69 designation was applied to this new bypass, resulting in a triple concurrency (I-96/I-69/US 27)^[52]^[53] that existed until 2002, when US 27 was decommissioned in Michigan.^[54]

From 2003 to 2005, the Beck Road interchange (exit 160) in Novi was reconstructed as a single point urban interchange (SPUI), the first in the metropolitan Detroit area and the first on I-96.^[55] An interchange between 36th Street and I-96 was built starting in 2005 and was completed in 2006. The project aimed to improve access to the Gerald R. Ford International Airport southeast of Grand Rapids.^[56] The reconstruction of the Wixom Road interchange near Novi as a SPUI was completed in late fall of 2008.^[57]

Another interchange at Latson Road in Howell was approved for construction on July 19, 2012. This interchange will bring improved access to the eastern Howell area, which is currently only accessible from westbound I-96.^[58]

On January 12, 2005, a large multiple-vehicle collision consisting of over 200 motor vehicles occurred in both directions of I-96 near Williamston in Ingham County. Two people, Douglas James Baker (age 15) and Jason Eldridge (age 27) were killed in the incident. It was one of the largest collisions in U.S. history and was blamed on heavy fog.^[59]

In October 2012, reports of a sniper shooting cars along I-96 in four counties led to a federal investigation and a multi-jurisdictional task force of 100 law enforcement officials. As of October 30, 2012^[update], 25 shootings had been linked to one suspect.^[60] The Federal Bureau of Investigation, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and Crime Stoppers offered a $102,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the perpetrator.^[61] The suspect was arrested on November 5, 2012.^[62]

Exit list

County	Location	mi^[2]	km	Exit	Destinations	Notes
Muskegon	Norton Shores	0.000	0.000	1	US 31 / LMCT south – Grand Haven, Ludington Bus. US 31 north / LMCT north – Downtown Muskegon	Signed as exits 1A (south) and 1B (north); freeway continues west as BUS US 31
	Fruitport Township	0.293	0.472	1C	Hile Road	Eastbound exit and entrance only; westbound access is at exit 1A
		3.517	5.660	4	Airline Road – Fruitport
		5.100	8.208	5	Fruitport Road – Fruitport	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Ottawa	Crockery Township				M-231 south	Proposed interchange^[63]
		9.292	14.954	9	M-104 – Grand Haven, Spring Lake	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
		10.081	16.224	10	B-31 – Nunica
	Coopersville	15.991	25.735	16	B-35 – Coopersville, Eastmanville	Emergency US 31 runs along 68th Ave. from I-96 in Coopersville to M-45 in Allendale. Access to Allendale and Grand Valley State University
	Coopersville	18.584	29.908	19	Lamont, Coopersville
	Wright Township	22.805	36.701	23	Marne
	Tallmadge Township	23.939	38.526	24	M-11 – Walker, Grandville	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
	Tallmadge Township	24.215	38.970	25	8th Avenue, 4 Mile Road	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; westbound access to M-11
Kent	Walker	26.430	42.535	26	Fruit Ridge Avenue
		28.367	45.652	28	Walker Avenue
		30.295	48.755	30	M-37 north (Alpine Avenue) – Newaygo	Western end of M-37 concurrency; signed as exits 30A (south) and 30B (north) westbound
		30.711– 31.440	49.425– 50.598	31	US 131 (I-296 south) – Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Big Rapids, Cadillac	Signed as exits 31A (south) and 31B (north)
	Grand Rapids	33.063	53.210	33	Conn. M-44 north (Plainfield Avenue)
		36.533	58.794	36	Leonard Street
		37.073	59.663	37	I-196 (Gerald R. Ford Freeway) – Downtown Grand Rapids, Holland	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
		37.801	60.835	38	M-37 south / M-44 (East Belt Line Avenue) to M-21	Eastern end of M-37 concurrency
	Grand Rapids Township	38.687– 38.788	62.261– 62.423	39	M-21 – Lowell, Flint	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
	Grand Rapids Township	40.014	64.396	40	Cascade Road – Cascade	Signed as exits 40A (west) and 40B (east); former US 16
	Cascade Township	42.986	69.179	43	M-11 west (28th Street) – Cascade	Signed as exits 43A (west) and 43B (east)
		44.165– 44.174	71.077– 71.091	44	36th Street	Signed as access to Gerald R. Ford International Airport
		45.776– 46.015	73.669– 74.054	46	M-6 west to M-37 – Holland
	Lowell Township	52.303	84.174	52	M-50 east – Charlotte, Lowell
Ionia	Boston Township	58.912	94.810	59	Saranac, Clarksville
	Berlin Township	64.429	103.688	64	Saranac, Lake Odessa
	Berlin Township	67.427	108.513	67	M-66 – Ionia, Battle Creek
	Orange Township	73.291	117.950	73	Portland Road, Grand River Avenue – Lyons, Muir
	Portland	76.071	122.424	76	Kent Street
	Portland	77.493	124.713	77	Grand River Avenue – Portland	Former BS I-96
Clinton	Eagle	83.617	134.569	84	Westphalia, Eagle
	Eagle Township	86.273	138.843	86	M-100 south (Wright Road) – Grand Ledge
	Watertown Township	89.670	144.310	89	I-69 east – Flint	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		90.040	144.905	90	BL I-96 east (Grand River Avenue)
		90.466	145.591	91	I-69 east – Flint	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; western end of I-69 concurrency
Eaton	Delta Township	93.118	149.859	93	M-43 / BL I-69 east (Saginaw Highway) – Grand Ledge	Signed as exits 93A (west) and 93B (east)
		94.579– 94.815	152.210– 152.590	95	I-496 east – Downtown Lansing	Western terminus of I-496
		96.667– 96.687	155.570– 155.603	97	I-69 south – Charlotte, Fort Wayne	Eastern end of I-69 concurrency
	Windsor Township	97.847– 97.858	157.469– 157.487	98	Lansing Road	Signed as exits 98A (south) and 98B (north); former US 27
Ingham	Lansing	101.425	163.228	101	M-99 (M L King Boulevard) – Eaton Rapids
	Lansing	104.395– 104.404	168.007– 168.022	104	BL I-96 west (Cedar Street) – Holt
	Delhi Township	106.490– 106.518	171.379– 171.424	106	I-496 west / US 127 – Jackson, East Lansing, Downtown Lansing	Signed as exits 106A (south) and 106B (north); eastern terminus of I-496
	Alaiedon Township	109.732	176.597	110	Okemos, Mason
	Wheatfield Township	117.504	189.104	117	Dansville, Williamston	Signed as exits 117A (Dansville) and 117B (Williamston) eastbound
	Webberville	121.914	196.202	122	M-43 / M-52 – Webberville, Stockbridge
Livingston	Fowlerville	128.493	206.789	129	Fowlerville
	Howell Township	133.305	214.534	133	M-59 / BL I-96 east (Highland Road) – Howell, Pontiac
	Howell	136.799	220.157	137	D-19 – Howell, Pinckney
	Genoa Township	140.113	225.490		Latson Road	Announced on July 19, 2012^[58]
	Genoa Township	141.218	227.268	141	BL I-96 west – Howell	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
	Brighton	145.130	233.564	145	Grand River Avenue – Brighton
	Brighton Township	146.768	236.200	147	Spencer Road – Brighton
		147.578– 147.755	237.504– 237.789	148	US 23 – Ann Arbor, Flint	Signed as exits 148A (south) and 148B (north)
		149.458	240.529	150	Pleasant Valley Road	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
		151.056	243.101	151	Kensington Road
Oakland	Lyon Township	152.887	246.048	153	Kent Lake Road – South Lyon
	Lyon Township	154.900	249.287	155	New Hudson, South Lyon, Milford	Signed as exits 155A (New Hudson) and 155B (Milford) westbound
	Wixom	159.236	256.266	159	Wixom Road – Wixom, Walled Lake
	Novi	160.299– 160.313	257.976– 257.999	160	Beck Road – Novi
		162.413	261.378	162	Walled Lake, Novi, Northville
		163.381	262.936	163	I-696 east (Reuther Freeway) – Port Huron M-5 east I-275 south	Northern end of I-275 concurrency; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		163.818	263.640	164	M-5 north	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
	Farmington Hills	164.964	265.484	165	I-696 east (Reuther Freeway) – Port Huron M-5	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Oakland–Wayne county line	Farmington Hills– Livonia city line	167.383	269.377	167	8 Mile Road – Northville
Wayne	Livonia	168.440	271.078	169	7 Mile Road	Signed as exits 169A (west) and 169B (east) westbound
	Livonia	169.438	272.684	170	6 Mile Road
	Plymouth Township	170.503– 171.610	274.398– 276.180	173	I-275 south – Toledo M-14 west – Ann Arbor	Southern end of I-275 concurrency; no exit number eastbound, exit 30 on I-275 northbound
	Livonia	172.365	277.395	173	Newburgh Road, Levan Road	Signed as exits 173A (Newburgh Road) and 173B (Levan Road) westbound
		174.366	280.615	174	Farmington Road
		175.369	282.229	175	Merriman Road
		176.374	283.846	176	Middlebelt Road
	Redford Township	177.372	285.453	177	Inkster Road
		178.341	287.012	178	Beech Daly Road
		179.303– 179.345	288.560– 288.628	179	US 24 (Telegraph Road)
	Detroit	180.328– 180.355	290.210– 290.253	180	Outer Drive
		180.465	290.430	Western end of express lanes
		181.488	292.077	182	Evergreen Road
		182.527– 182.559	293.749– 293.800	183	M-39 (Southfield Freeway)	Additional westbound exit and eastbound entrance on the express lanes
		183.505– 183.515	295.323– 295.339	184	Greenfield Road
		184.575– 184.700	297.045– 297.246	185	Schaefer Highway, Grand River Avenue (M-5 north)
		185.579– 185.586	298.660– 298.672	186A	Wyoming Avenue
		185.935– 186.141	299.233– 299.565	186B	Davison Avenue (M-8)
		186.362	299.921	Eastern end of express lanes
		186.996	300.941	187	Grand River Avenue	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		187.452– 187.880	301.675– 302.364	188	Livernois Avenue, West Chicago Avenue, Joy Road	Signed as exits 188A (Livernois Avenue, West Chicago Avenue) and 188B (Joy Road) westbound
		189.070– 189.107	304.279– 304.338	189	Tireman Avenue, West Grand Boulevard
		189.791– 189.818	305.439– 305.482	190A	I-94 (Edsel Ford Freeway) – Port Huron, Chicago
		190.093	305.925	190B	Warren Avenue
		190.857– 191.233	307.155– 307.760	191	US 12 (Michigan Avenue)
		190.933	307.277	—	I-75 north (Fisher Freeway) – Flint M-10 (Lodge Freeway) – Civic Center	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		191.466	308.135	192A	Vernor Highway	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		191.966	308.939	192B	Bridge to Canada	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		192.032	309.046	—	I-75 south (Fisher Freeway) – Toledo	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Related trunklines

I-96 has four related, auxiliary Interstate highways that connect the main freeway to downtowns and other cities. I-196 is a relatively long freeway spur, beginning at I-96 east of downtown Grand Rapids and heading west through downtown to Holland, and then south to I-94 near Benton Harbor.^[8] The unsigned I-296 connects I-96 north of downtown Grand Rapids with I-196 in downtown,^[2] and is signed as US 131. I-496 is a loop through downtown Lansing, which I-96 bypasses to the south, and I-696 is a northern bypass of Detroit, connecting I-96 in Novi with I-75 in Royal Oak and I-94 in St. Clair Shores.^[8]

I-96 presently has two business routes: a loop through Lansing and a loop through Howell.^[8] Both follow the old route of US 16,^[64] with appropriate connections to I-96.^[8] A spur into Muskegon once existed, running concurrently with part of BUS US 31 along former US 16,^[65] but it has been eliminated. Two routes in the Detroit area—a loop through Farmington and a spur into Detroit—both using Grand River Avenue, and meeting at the temporary end of I-96 near Purdue Avenue, were eliminated when I-96 was moved to the completed Jeffries Freeway in 1977.^[66] On October 31, 2007, a spur into Portland was decommissioned and transferred to the City of Portland.^[67]

Notes

^ FHWA's Route Log and Finder List documents the length of I-275 as 29.97 miles (48.23 km),^[12] which corresponds to the length from I-75 to the southern I-96 junction.^[2] It also omits any mention of an overlap with I-96 from its notes.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b "New Highway Signs". Holland Evening Sentinel. February 25, 1959. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e MDOT Physical Reference Finder Application (Map). Cartography by Michigan Center for Geographic Information. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2003. Retrieved October 1, 2007. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ Bureau of Transportation Planning (2008). "Traffic Monitoring Information System". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ National Highway System, Michigan (PDF) (Map). Cartography by MDOT. Michigan Department of Transportation. April 23, 2006. Retrieved October 7, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike; Adderley, Kevin (September 26, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved January 1, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
^ Michigan Legislature (2001). "Michigan Memorial Highway Act (Excerpt) Act 142 of 2001, 250.1098 Rosa Parks Memorial Highway". State of Michigan. Retrieved August 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ ^a ^b Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, MI: Priscilla Press. pp. 120–1. ISBN 1-886167-24-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ State Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:15 mi / 1 cm:9 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2012. § K8–M13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Overview Map of Interstate 96" (Map). Google Maps. Google. July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ Staff (August 15, 2011). "The Story of the 13 Weatherball". Walker, MI: WZZM-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e State Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:2,5 mi / 1 cm:1.75 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2012. Detroit Area inset. § C3–C7, C7–E7, E7–E11.
^ ^a ^b DeSimone, Tony (October 31, 2002). "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ The Road Atlas (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally. Rand McNally. 2013. p. 52. Detroit & Vicinity inset. § H3–J3. ISBN 0-528-00626-6.
^ Gavrilovich, Peter; McGraw, Bill (2000). The Detroit Almanac: 300 Years of Life in the Motor City. Detroit: Detroit Free Press. pp. 20–1. ISBN 978-0-937247-34-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
^ Woodard, Sadie G. (1966). Grand River Road: A Traveler's View of a Historic Route that Traversed Early Michigan. Lansing, MI: Plane Tree Press. p. 12. OCLC 433271.
^ Staff. "Part I: An Indian Trail". History: The River Road. Wayne County Department of Public Services. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)
^ Staff. "Part II: A Military Road". History: The River Road. Wayne County Department of Public Services. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)
^ Michigan Legislature (1915). "Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways". In Shields, Edmund C.; Black, Cyrenius P.; Broomfield, Archibald (eds.). The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan, Volume I. Lansing, MI: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford. pp. 1868–72. OCLC 44724558. Retrieved January 24, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
^ "Michigan May Do Well Following Wisconsin's Road Marking System". The Grand Rapids Press. September 20, 1919. p. 10. OCLC 9975013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ State of Michigan: Lower Peninsula (Map). Cartography by MSHD. Michigan State Highway Department. July 1, 1919. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, MI: Priscilla Press. p. 93. ISBN 1-886167-24-9.
^ United States System of Highways (PDF) (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. November 11, 1926. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ Routes of the Recommended Interregional Highway System (Map). Public Roads Administration. c. 1943. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ National System of Interstate Highways (Map). Public Roads Administration. August 2, 1947. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). American Association of State Highway Officials. August 14, 1957. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ Staff (April 25, 1958). "Recommended Numbering: Interstate Highways in Michigan". Michigan State Highway Department. Archived from the original on November 21, 2003. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help)
^ Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). American Association of State Highway Officials. June 27, 1958. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ "Spring to Bring Debut for Interstate Road Numbering". The Herald-Press. St. Joseph, Michigan. Associated Press. January 8, 1959. p. 5. OCLC 10117184. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "Road Plans Revised". Holland Evening Sentinel. June 30, 1956. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Kelley, Frank E. (June 29, 2006). "Meeting Minutes" (PDF). Michigan State Transportation Commission. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ "Expressway to be Opened by Dec. 13". Ironwood Daily Globe. Associated Press. December 6, 1957. p. 10. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ "Detroit–Lansing–Muskegon Freeway, Third Freeway Completed". Holland Evening Sentinel. December 8, 1962. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "Drop US 16 Designation". Holland Evening Sentinel. April 14, 1962. p. 2. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Road Atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico (Map). Rand McNally. 1964. OCLC 15749789.
^ "Muskegon Freeway Link Number Change Sought". Holland Evening Sentinel. August 24, 1963. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "New Numbers Seen for Road". Holland Evening Sentinel. October 23, 1963. p. 4. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "Lodge Road to be Opened". Holland Evening Sentinel. October 28, 1964. p. 5. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ ^a ^b Kulsea, Bill; Shawver, Tom (1980). Making Michigan Move: A History of Michigan Highways and the Michigan Department of Transportation. Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of Transportation. p. 27. OCLC 8169232. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
^ Andrews, W. Earle. (1945). Detroit Expressway and Transit System. New York: Detroit Transportation Board. OCLC 7195393.
^ "Detroit will stay accessible during I-75 shutdown". The Detroit News. January 18, 1999. ISSN 1055-2715. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Malo, Alger F. (1961). "The Relation of Mass Transportation to Total Transportation in Detroit". Traffic Quarterly. 15 (1). New York: Eno Foundation for Highway Traffic Control: 226–41. ISSN 0041-0713. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1970. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E8.
^ Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1971. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E8.
^ Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1973. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E7–E8.
^ Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. 1974. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E7–E8.
^ Milliken, William (1975). Economic Report of the Governor (Report). Lansing, MI: Office of the Governor. p. 37.
^ Official Transportation Map (Map) (1978–79 ed.). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. 1978. Detroit Area inset. § D5, E5–E5.
^ General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated in September 1955 (Yellow Book) (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. 1955. Detroit, Michigan inset. OCLC 4165975. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Staff (1964). I-96 Freeway Planning and Route Location Study, City of Detroit, Volume 1 (Report). Lansing, MI: Michigan State Highway Department. p. 20.
^ Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1984. § L11.
^ Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1985. § L11.
^ Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1986. § L11.
^ Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1987. § L11.
^ Debnar, Kari; Bott, Mark (January 14, 2002). "US 27 Designation Soon To Be Deleted from Michigan Highways" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 23, 2002. Retrieved March 14, 2012. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
^ Kalousdian, Aram (August 7, 2004). "Single Point Interchange Under Construction". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (subscription required)
^ Bloemendaal, Dirk C. (September 2, 2006). "Interchange Improves Traffic Flow". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information, Inc. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (subscription required)
^ Kalousdian, Aram (November 3, 2008). "Wixom/I-96 Interchange Reconstructed". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b Greenwood, Tom (July 19, 2012). "$32M Interchange Project OK'd for I-96 in Livingston County". The Detroit News. ISSN 1055-2715. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Phillips, Lauren (January 20, 2005). "Police Continue Investigation of Massive I-96 Accident". The State News. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University. OCLC 6678066. Retrieved September 2, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ Dolan, Matthew (October 30, 2012). "Drivers Fear Sniper May Prowl Michigan Highway". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 30, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
^ Web Staff (October 29, 2012). "$102,000 Reward for Information Leading to I-96 Area Shooter". Detroit: WXYZ-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Dougovito, Lori (November 6, 2012). "Task Force Confirms Suspect Arrested in Highway Shootings". Flint, MI: WJRT-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Grand Region (November 25, 2006). "2007–2011 Five-Year Transportation Plan" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2006. Retrieved February 14, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)
^ Official Highway Map (Map). Michigan State Highway Department. 1958. § L11, L12. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)
^ Ohio and Michigan Tourgide Map (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally & Company. Gulf. 1971. OCLC 42876877.
^ Tourgide: United States, Canada and Mexico (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally & Company. Gulf. 1977.
^ Staff (October 31, 2007). "Contract Number 103107". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 2, 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (registration required)

External links

KML file (edit • help)

Template:Attached KML/Interstate 96

KML is from Wikidata

I-96 at Michigan Highways
I-96 at Michigan Highway Ends
I-96 at AARoad's Interstate Guide
I-96 at AARoads

Template:Metro Detroit Freeways

[13] FHWA's Route Log and Finder List documents the length of I-275 as 29.97 miles (48.23 km),^[12] which corresponds to the length from I-75 to the southern I-96 junction.^[2] It also omits any mention of an overlap with I-96 from its notes.^[12]

[newsigns-1] "New Highway Signs". Holland Evening Sentinel. February 25, 1959. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[PRFA-2] MDOT Physical Reference Finder Application (Map). Cartography by Michigan Center for Geographic Information. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2003. Retrieved October 1, 2007. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[TMIS-3] Bureau of Transportation Planning (2008). "Traffic Monitoring Information System". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[NHS-MI-4] National Highway System, Michigan (PDF) (Map). Cartography by MDOT. Michigan Department of Transportation. April 23, 2006. Retrieved October 7, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[NHS-5] Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike; Adderley, Kevin (September 26, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved January 1, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[Rosa_Parks-6] Michigan Legislature (2001). "Michigan Memorial Highway Act (Excerpt) Act 142 of 2001, 250.1098 Rosa Parks Memorial Highway". State of Michigan. Retrieved August 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[barnettJ-7] Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, MI: Priscilla Press. pp. 120–1. ISBN 1-886167-24-9.

[MDOT12-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ State Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:15 mi / 1 cm:9 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2012. § K8–M13.

[google-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Overview Map of Interstate 96" (Map). Google Maps. Google. July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[weatherball-10] Staff (August 15, 2011). "The Story of the 13 Weatherball". Walker, MI: WZZM-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[MDOT12D-11] State Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:2,5 mi / 1 cm:1.75 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2012. Detroit Area inset. § C3–C7, C7–E7, E7–E11.

[RLT2-12] DeSimone, Tony (October 31, 2002). "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[RM13-14] The Road Atlas (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally. Rand McNally. 2013. p. 52. Detroit & Vicinity inset. § H3–J3. ISBN 0-528-00626-6.

[gavrilovich-15] Gavrilovich, Peter; McGraw, Bill (2000). The Detroit Almanac: 300 Years of Life in the Motor City. Detroit: Detroit Free Press. pp. 20–1. ISBN 978-0-937247-34-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[woodard-16] Woodard, Sadie G. (1966). Grand River Road: A Traveler's View of a Historic Route that Traversed Early Michigan. Lansing, MI: Plane Tree Press. p. 12. OCLC 433271.

[WCRC1-17] Staff. "Part I: An Indian Trail". History: The River Road. Wayne County Department of Public Services. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)

[WCRC2-18] Staff. "Part II: A Military Road". History: The River Road. Wayne County Department of Public Services. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)

[STLA-19] Michigan Legislature (1915). "Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways". In Shields, Edmund C.; Black, Cyrenius P.; Broomfield, Archibald (eds.). The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan, Volume I. Lansing, MI: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford. pp. 1868–72. OCLC 44724558. Retrieved January 24, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[press-1919-09-20-20] "Michigan May Do Well Following Wisconsin's Road Marking System". The Grand Rapids Press. September 20, 1919. p. 10. OCLC 9975013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[MSHD19LP-21] State of Michigan: Lower Peninsula (Map). Cartography by MSHD. Michigan State Highway Department. July 1, 1919. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[barnett-22] Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, MI: Priscilla Press. p. 93. ISBN 1-886167-24-9.

[USH-23] United States System of Highways (PDF) (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. November 11, 1926. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[24] Routes of the Recommended Interregional Highway System (Map). Public Roads Administration. c. 1943. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[25] National System of Interstate Highways (Map). Public Roads Administration. August 2, 1947. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[26] Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). American Association of State Highway Officials. August 14, 1957. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[27] Staff (April 25, 1958). "Recommended Numbering: Interstate Highways in Michigan". Michigan State Highway Department. Archived from the original on November 21, 2003. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help)

[28] Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). American Association of State Highway Officials. June 27, 1958. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[29] "Spring to Bring Debut for Interstate Road Numbering". The Herald-Press. St. Joseph, Michigan. Associated Press. January 8, 1959. p. 5. OCLC 10117184. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[30] "Road Plans Revised". Holland Evening Sentinel. June 30, 1956. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[31] Kelley, Frank E. (June 29, 2006). "Meeting Minutes" (PDF). Michigan State Transportation Commission. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[32] "Expressway to be Opened by Dec. 13". Ironwood Daily Globe. Associated Press. December 6, 1957. p. 10. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[33] "Detroit–Lansing–Muskegon Freeway, Third Freeway Completed". Holland Evening Sentinel. December 8, 1962. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[34] "Drop US 16 Designation". Holland Evening Sentinel. April 14, 1962. p. 2. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[35] Road Atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico (Map). Rand McNally. 1964. OCLC 15749789.

[36] "Muskegon Freeway Link Number Change Sought". Holland Evening Sentinel. August 24, 1963. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[37] "New Numbers Seen for Road". Holland Evening Sentinel. October 23, 1963. p. 4. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[38] "Lodge Road to be Opened". Holland Evening Sentinel. October 28, 1964. p. 5. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[kulsea-39] Kulsea, Bill; Shawver, Tom (1980). Making Michigan Move: A History of Michigan Highways and the Michigan Department of Transportation. Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of Transportation. p. 27. OCLC 8169232. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[40] Andrews, W. Earle. (1945). Detroit Expressway and Transit System. New York: Detroit Transportation Board. OCLC 7195393.

[41] "Detroit will stay accessible during I-75 shutdown". The Detroit News. January 18, 1999. ISSN 1055-2715. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[42] Malo, Alger F. (1961). "The Relation of Mass Transportation to Total Transportation in Detroit". Traffic Quarterly. 15 (1). New York: Eno Foundation for Highway Traffic Control: 226–41. ISSN 0041-0713. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[MDSH70-43] Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1970. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E8.

[MDSH71-44] Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1971. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E8.

[MDSH73-45] Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1973. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E7–E8.

[MDSHT74-46] Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. 1974. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E7–E8.

[47] Milliken, William (1975). Economic Report of the Governor (Report). Lansing, MI: Office of the Governor. p. 37.

[MDSHT78-48] Official Transportation Map (Map) (1978–79 ed.). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. 1978. Detroit Area inset. § D5, E5–E5.

[YBD-49] General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated in September 1955 (Yellow Book) (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. 1955. Detroit, Michigan inset. OCLC 4165975. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[study-50] Staff (1964). I-96 Freeway Planning and Route Location Study, City of Detroit, Volume 1 (Report). Lansing, MI: Michigan State Highway Department. p. 20.

[MDOT84-51] Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1984. § L11.

[MDOT85-52] Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1985. § L11.

[MDOT86-53] Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1986. § L11.

[MDOT87-54] Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1987. § L11.

[US27D-55] Debnar, Kari; Bott, Mark (January 14, 2002). "US 27 Designation Soon To Be Deleted from Michigan Highways" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 23, 2002. Retrieved March 14, 2012. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[kalousdian-56] Kalousdian, Aram (August 7, 2004). "Single Point Interchange Under Construction". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (subscription required)

[bloemendaal-57] Bloemendaal, Dirk C. (September 2, 2006). "Interchange Improves Traffic Flow". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information, Inc. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (subscription required)

[wixom-58] Kalousdian, Aram (November 3, 2008). "Wixom/I-96 Interchange Reconstructed". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. (subscription required)

[greenwood-2012-07-19-59] Greenwood, Tom (July 19, 2012). "$32M Interchange Project OK'd for I-96 in Livingston County". The Detroit News. ISSN 1055-2715. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[60] Phillips, Lauren (January 20, 2005). "Police Continue Investigation of Massive I-96 Accident". The State News. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University. OCLC 6678066. Retrieved September 2, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[WSJ2012-10-30-61] Dolan, Matthew (October 30, 2012). "Drivers Fear Sniper May Prowl Michigan Highway". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 30, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

[WXYZ2012-10-29-62] Web Staff (October 29, 2012). "$102,000 Reward for Information Leading to I-96 Area Shooter". Detroit: WXYZ-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[63] Dougovito, Lori (November 6, 2012). "Task Force Confirms Suspect Arrested in Highway Shootings". Flint, MI: WJRT-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[MDOT5y/07-11-64] Grand Region (November 25, 2006). "2007–2011 Five-Year Transportation Plan" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2006. Retrieved February 14, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)

[MSHD58-65] Official Highway Map (Map). Michigan State Highway Department. 1958. § L11, L12. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)

[66] Ohio and Michigan Tourgide Map (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally & Company. Gulf. 1971. OCLC 42876877.

[67] Tourgide: United States, Canada and Mexico (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally & Company. Gulf. 1977.

[MDOT103107-68] Staff (October 31, 2007). "Contract Number 103107". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 2, 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (registration required)

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 }}
-'''Interstate 96''' ('''I-96''') is an [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate Highway]] that runs for approximately {{convert|192|mi|km}} [[List of intrastate Interstate Highways|entirely within]] the US state of [[Michigan]].  Its western terminus is at an interchange with [[U.S. Route 31 in Michigan|US Highway&nbsp;31]] (US&nbsp;31) and [[U.S. Route 31 Business (Muskegon, Michigan)|Business US&nbsp;31]] (BUS US&nbsp;31) on the western boundary of [[Norton Shores, Michigan|Norton Shores]] southeast of [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]]. Its eastern terminus is at [[Interstate 75 in Michigan|I-75]] near the [[Ambassador Bridge]] in [[Detroit]]. From [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] through [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]] to Detroit, the freeway parallels [[U.S. Route 16 in Michigan|Grand River Avenue]], never straying more than a few miles from the deleted [[U.S. Route 16 in Michigan|US&nbsp;16]]. The [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] section of I-96 is named the '''Jeffries Freeway''' from its eastern terminus to the junction with [[Interstate 275 (Michigan)|I-275]] and [[M-14 (Michigan highway)|M-14]]. Though maps still refer to the freeway as the Jeffries, the portion within the city of Detroit was renamed by the state legislature as the '''Rosa Parks Memorial Highway''' in December 2005 in honor of the [[Rosa Parks|civil rights pioneer]].
+'''Interstate 96''' ('''I-96''') is an [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate Highway]] that runs for approximately {{convert|192|mi|km}} [[List of intrastate Interstate Highways|entirely within]] the US state of [[Michigan]]. The western terminus is at an interchange with [[U.S. Route 31 in Michigan|US Highway&nbsp;31]] (US&nbsp;31) and [[U.S. Route 31 Business (Muskegon, Michigan)|Business US&nbsp;31]] (BUS US&nbsp;31) on the western boundary of [[Norton Shores, Michigan|Norton Shores]] southeast of [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]], and the eastern terminus is at [[Interstate 75 in Michigan|I-75]] near the [[Ambassador Bridge]] in [[Detroit]]. From [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] through [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]] to Detroit, the freeway parallels [[U.S. Route 16 in Michigan|Grand River Avenue]], never straying more than a few miles from the deleted [[U.S. Route 16 in Michigan|US&nbsp;16]]. The [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] section of I-96 is named the '''Jeffries Freeway''' from its eastern terminus to the junction with [[Interstate 275 (Michigan)|I-275]] and [[M-14 (Michigan highway)|M-14]]. Though maps still refer to the freeway as the Jeffries, the portion within the city of Detroit was renamed by the state legislature as the '''Rosa Parks Memorial Highway''' in December 2005 in honor of the [[Rosa Parks|civil rights pioneer]].
 Grand River Avenue originated as an [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian]] trail before Michigan statehood. It later was used as a wagon road across the state. The roadway was included in the [[Michigan State Trunkline Highway System|State Trunkline Highway System]] in 1919 as M-16 and later the [[United States Numbered Highways|United States Numbered Highway System]] as US&nbsp;16. Construction of a freeway along the length of the corridor was proposed in the 1940s, and included as part of the Interstate Highway System in the mid-1950s. This construction was started in 1956 and initially completed across the state to Detroit in 1962. The proposed route for the Jeffries Freeway in Detroit was moved in the 1960s; it was built in the 1970s. I-96 was completed on November 21, 1977, in the Detroit area, closing the last gap along the route. Since then, additional interchanges and lanes have been added in places to accommodate traffic needs.
 ==Route description==
-I-96 is maintained by the [[Michigan Department of Transportation]] (MDOT) as a segment of the larger [[Michigan State Trunkline Highway System|State Trunkline Highway System]]. In 2011, the department's traffic surveys showed that on [[Annual average daily traffic|average]], 201,200&nbsp;vehicles used the highway daily between 6 and 7&nbsp;Mile roads in Livonia. Near Norton Shores, 20,638&nbsp;vehicles did so each day between Airline and Fruitport roads. These are the highest and lowest counts along the highway, respectively.<ref name=TMIS>{{cite web |author= Bureau of Transportation Planning |url= http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ |title= Traffic Monitoring Information System |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |year= 2008 |accessdate= June&nbsp;30, 2012}}</ref> As an Interstate Highway, all of I-96 is listed on the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]],<ref name=NHS-MI>{{cite map |title= National Highway System, Michigan |date= April 23, 2006 |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |cartography= MDOT |url= http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |format= PDF |accessdate= October&nbsp;7, 2008}}</ref> a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.<ref name=NHS>{{cite web |last1= Natzke |first1= Stefan |last2= Neathery |first2= Mike  |last3= Adderley |first3= Kevin |lastauthoramp=y |url= http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/ |title= What is the National Highway System? |work= National Highway System |publisher= [[Federal Highway Administration]] |date= September&nbsp;26, 2012 |accessdate= January&nbsp;1, 2013}}</ref> In addition, the highway in Detroit has been named by the [[Michigan Legislature]] the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway to honor the civil rights pioneer [[Rosa Parks]].<ref name="Rosa Parks">{{cite web |url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/mileg.aspx?page=GetMCLDocument&objectname=mcl-250-1098 |title=Michigan Memorial Highway Act (Excerpt) Act 142 of 2001, 250.1098 Rosa Parks Memorial Highway  |author=[[Michigan Legislature]] |publisher=State of Michigan |accessdate= August&nbsp;18, 2006 |year=2001}}</ref> The segment from Livonia east to I-275 is the Jeffries Freeway, named for a former mayor of Detroit, [[Edward Jeffries]].<ref name=barnettJ/>
+I-96 is maintained by the [[Michigan Department of Transportation]] (MDOT) as a segment of the larger [[Michigan State Trunkline Highway System|State Trunkline Highway System]]. In 2011, the department's traffic surveys showed that on [[Annual average daily traffic|average]], 201,200&nbsp;vehicles used the highway daily between 6 and 7&nbsp;Mile roads in Livonia. Near Norton Shores, 20,638&nbsp;vehicles did so each day between Airline and Fruitport roads. These are the highest and lowest counts along the highway, respectively.<ref name=TMIS>{{cite web |author= Bureau of Transportation Planning |url= http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ |title= Traffic Monitoring Information System |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |year= 2008 |accessdate= June&nbsp;30, 2012}}</ref> As an Interstate Highway, all of I-96 is included in the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]],<ref name=NHS-MI>{{cite map |title= National Highway System, Michigan |date= April 23, 2006 |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |cartography= MDOT |url= http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_NHS_Statewide_150626_7.pdf |format= PDF |accessdate= October&nbsp;7, 2008}}</ref> a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.<ref name=NHS>{{cite web |last1= Natzke |first1= Stefan |last2= Neathery |first2= Mike  |last3= Adderley |first3= Kevin |lastauthoramp=y |url= http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/ |title= What is the National Highway System? |work= National Highway System |publisher= [[Federal Highway Administration]] |date= September&nbsp;26, 2012 |accessdate= January&nbsp;1, 2013}}</ref> In addition, the highway in Detroit has been named by the [[Michigan Legislature]] the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway to honor the civil rights pioneer [[Rosa Parks]].<ref name="Rosa Parks">{{cite web |url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/mileg.aspx?page=GetMCLDocument&objectname=mcl-250-1098 |title=Michigan Memorial Highway Act (Excerpt) Act 142 of 2001, 250.1098 Rosa Parks Memorial Highway  |author=[[Michigan Legislature]] |publisher=State of Michigan |accessdate= August&nbsp;18, 2006 |year=2001}}</ref> The segment from Livonia east to I-275 is the Jeffries Freeway, named for a former mayor of Detroit, [[Edward Jeffries]].<ref name=barnettJ/>
 ===Muskegon to Grand Rapids===
 [[File:Interstate 96 and Sternberg Road.jpg|thumb|left|Westbound I-96 as it passes under Sternberg Road approaching US&nbsp;31|alt=Photograph of]]
-I-96 begins at a [[partial cloverleaf interchange|three-quarter cloverleaf interchange]] with US&nbsp;31 northeast of the [[Muskegon County Airport]] in [[Norton Shores, Michigan|Norton Shores]], near [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]]. At the start, the highway has a grassy median and two lanes in each direction as it travels southeasterly through rural [[Muskegon County, Michigan|Muskegon County]]. The freeway is paralleled by Airline Highway in an area of with a mix of fields and residences as far as [[Fruitport, Michigan|Fruitport]]. I-96 bypasses that village to the north and east before crossing into [[Ottawa County, Michigan|Ottawa County]] at Fruitport Road. After a distance of aboutMar {{convert/spell|5|mi|km}} in the county, the trunkline reaches [[Crockery Township, Michigan|Nunica]]. The highway crosses the Crockery Creek and turns eastward toward [[Coopersville, Michigan|Coopersville]]. The freeway runs parallel to the [[Grand River (Michigan)|Grand River]] about {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} to the north. Near Ironwood Drive, I-96 turns southeasterly again and runs through [[Marne, Michigan|Marne]].<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
+I-96 begins at a [[partial cloverleaf interchange|three-quarter cloverleaf interchange]] with US&nbsp;31 northeast of the [[Muskegon County Airport]] in [[Norton Shores, Michigan|Norton Shores]], near [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]]. At the starting terminus, the highway has a grassy median and two lanes in each direction as it travels southeasterly through rural [[Muskegon County, Michigan|Muskegon County]]. The freeway is paralleled by Airline Highway in an area of with a mix of fields and residences as far as [[Fruitport, Michigan|Fruitport]]. I-96 bypasses that village to the north and east before crossing into [[Ottawa County, Michigan|Ottawa County]] at Fruitport Road. After a distance of about {{convert/spell|5|mi|km}} in the county, the trunkline reaches [[Crockery Township, Michigan|Nunica]]. The highway crosses the Crockery Creek and turns eastward toward [[Coopersville, Michigan|Coopersville]]. The freeway runs parallel to the [[Grand River (Michigan)|Grand River]], about {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} to the north. Near Ironwood Drive, I-96 turns southeasterly again and goes through [[Marne, Michigan|Marne]].<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
-Beyond Marne, I-96 passes the western end of [[M-11 (Michigan highway)|M-11]] and crosses into [[Kent County, Michigan|Kent County]], curving around a rest area for the eastbound lanes in the process. The freeway runs eastward through a light industrial area of the suburb of [[Walker, Michigan|Walker]] as it enters the [[Grand Rapids metropolitan area]]. At the interchange with Alpine Avenue, [[M-37 (Michigan highway)|M-37]] merges onto the freeway and the two [[concurrency (road)|run concurrently]] past the studios for [[WZZM|WZZM-TV]]<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/> with its iconic [[Weather beacon|weatherball]], a {{convert|16|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} sphere {{convert|100|ft|m}} above the ground that uses colored lights to display a weather forecast.<ref name=weatherball>{{cite news |author= Staff |url= http://www.wzzm13.com/weather/article/118804/14/The-Story-of-the-13-Weatherball |title= The Story of the 13 Weatherball |date= August 15, 2011 |publisher= [[WZZM-TV]] |location= Walker, MI |accessdate= March&nbsp;9, 2013 |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/6F0PDgqtJ |archivedate= March&nbsp;9, 2013 |deadurl= no}}</ref> Adjacent to the studios are the ramps from eastbound I-96 to southbound [[U.S. Route 131|US&nbsp;131]] and from northbound US&nbsp;131 to westbound I-96.<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/> These ramps are actually the northern end of [[Interstate 296|I-296]], an [[unsigned highway|unsigned]] auxiliary Interstate highway designation applied to them and the US&nbsp;131 freeway south to downtown Grand Rapids.<ref name=PRFA/> I-96 turns northeasterly past a commercial area to a three-quarter cloverleaf interchange that provides all of the other connections with US&nbsp;131 next to a crossing of the Grand River.<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
+Beyond Marne, I-96 passes the western end of [[M-11 (Michigan highway)|M-11]] and crosses into [[Kent County, Michigan|Kent County]], curving around a rest area for the eastbound lanes. The freeway runs eastward through a light industrial area of the suburb of [[Walker, Michigan|Walker]] as it enters the [[Grand Rapids metropolitan area]]. At the interchange with Alpine Avenue, [[M-37 (Michigan highway)|M-37]] merges onto the freeway and the two [[concurrency (road)|run concurrently]] past the studios for [[WZZM|WZZM-TV]]<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/> with its iconic [[Weather beacon|weatherball]], a {{convert|16|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} sphere {{convert|100|ft|m}} above the ground that uses colored lights to display a weather forecast.<ref name=weatherball>{{cite news |author= Staff |url= http://www.wzzm13.com/weather/article/118804/14/The-Story-of-the-13-Weatherball |title= The Story of the 13 Weatherball |date= August 15, 2011 |publisher= [[WZZM-TV]] |location= Walker, MI |accessdate= March&nbsp;9, 2013 |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/6F0PDgqtJ |archivedate= March&nbsp;9, 2013 |deadurl= no}}</ref> Adjacent to the studios are the ramps from eastbound I-96 to southbound [[U.S. Route 131|US&nbsp;131]] and from northbound US&nbsp;131 to westbound I-96.<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/> These ramps mark the northern end of [[Interstate 296|I-296]], an [[unsigned highway|unsigned]] auxiliary Interstate highway designation applied to them and the US&nbsp;131 freeway south to downtown Grand Rapids.<ref name=PRFA/> I-96 turns northeasterly past a commercial area to a three-quarter cloverleaf interchange that provides all of the other connections with US&nbsp;131 next to a crossing of the Grand River.<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
 [[File:WZZM 13 Weatherball.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[WZZM#Weatherball|WZZM-TV's Weatherball]] next to I-96 in Walker|alt=Photograph of]]
-East of the river, I-96/M-37 passes through the northern suburb of [[Comstock Park, Michigan|Comstock Park]], intersecting [[M-44 Connector (Michigan highway)|Connector M-44]] (CONN M-44, Plainfield Avenue) near [[Lamberton Lake]]. Past that interchange, the freeway angles southeasterly and then southward, bypassing Grand Rapids to the northeast. East of downtown, I-96/M-37 meets [[Interstate 196|I-196]] (Gerald R. Ford Freeway) at a partial interchange; traffic headed eastbound on I-196 must enter I-96 eastbound and only westbound I-96 traffic may enter I-196. Immediately east of the interchange is another for [[M-44 (Michigan highway)|M-44]] (East Beltline Avenue) where M-37 separates from the freeway to turn southward. Through this series of interchanges, I-96 curves to the east and then turns back southward after them. There are two more interchanges for [[M-21 (Michigan highway)|M-21]] (Fulton Street) and Cascade Road before I-96 meets the eastern end of M-11 at 28th Street. The next interchange for 36th Street provides access to the [[Gerald R. Ford International Airport]]. The freeway passes to the east of the airport and then intersects the eastern end of [[M-6 (Michigan highway)|M-6]] (Paul B. Henry Freeway, South Beltline Freeway) at an interchange over the confluence of the [[Thornapple River|Thornapple]] and Grand rivers.<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
+East of the river, I-96 and M-37 pass through the northern suburb of [[Comstock Park, Michigan|Comstock Park]], intersecting [[M-44 Connector (Michigan highway)|Connector M-44]] (CONN M-44, Plainfield Avenue) near [[Lamberton Lake]]. Past that interchange, the freeway angles southeasterly and then southward, bypassing Grand Rapids to the northeast. East of downtown, I-96/M-37 meets [[Interstate 196|I-196]] (Gerald R. Ford Freeway) at a partial interchange; traffic headed eastbound on I-196 must enter I-96 eastbound and only westbound I-96 traffic may enter I-196. Immediately east of the interchange is another for [[M-44 (Michigan highway)|M-44]] (East Beltline Avenue) where M-37 separates from the freeway to turn southward. Through this series of interchanges, I-96 curves to the east and then turns back southward after passing through them. There are two more interchanges for [[M-21 (Michigan highway)|M-21]] (Fulton Street) and Cascade Road before I-96 meets the eastern end of M-11 at 28th Street. The next interchange for 36th Street provides access to the [[Gerald R. Ford International Airport]]. The freeway continues to the east of the airport and then intersects the eastern end of [[M-6 (Michigan highway)|M-6]] (Paul B. Henry Freeway, South Beltline Freeway) at an interchange over the confluence of the [[Thornapple River|Thornapple]] and Grand rivers.<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
 ===Grand Rapids to Brighton===
-The freeway exits the edges of the Grand Rapids urban area past the interchange with M-6. It turns due east, paralleling Cascade Road to the south. I-96 curves to the south of Pratt Lake near the county line, crossing into [[Ionia County, Michigan|Ionia County]]. [[U.S. Route 16 in Michigan|Grand River Avenue]] is the parallel route as it heads east through farm fields. South of [[Ionia, Michigan|Ionia]], I-96 intersects [[M-66 (Michigan highway)|M-66]]. Near [[Portland, Michigan|Portland]], the trunkline turns to the southeast to cross the Grand River again. On the east side of town, the freeway crosses Grand River Avenue, its former [[Business route|business spur]] into town. I-96 continues southeasterly crossing into [[Clinton County, Michigan|Clinton County]] and past the community of [[Eagle, Michigan|Eagle]]. Entering the western edges of the [[Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area|Lansing metropolitan area]], I-96 merges with [[Interstate 69 in Michigan|I-69]] and turns southward at an interchange in the southwestern corner of the county; this interchange also provides access to [[Interstate 96 Business (Lansing, Michigan)|Business Loop I-96]] (BL I-96, Grand River Avenue).<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
+The freeway exits the edges of the Grand Rapids urban area past the interchange with M-6, turning due east and paralleling the northern edge of Cascade Road. I-96 curves to the south of Pratt Lake near the county line, crossing into [[Ionia County, Michigan|Ionia County]]. [[U.S. Route 16 in Michigan|Grand River Avenue]] is the [[frontage road]] as the freeway heads east through farm fields. South of [[Ionia, Michigan|Ionia]], I-96 intersects [[M-66 (Michigan highway)|M-66]]. Near [[Portland, Michigan|Portland]], the trunkline turns to the southeast to cross the Grand River again. On the east side of town, the freeway crosses Grand River Avenue, its former [[Business route|business spur]] into town. I-96 continues southeasterly, crossing into [[Clinton County, Michigan|Clinton County]], and passes the community of [[Eagle, Michigan|Eagle]]. Entering the western reaches of the [[Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area|Lansing metropolitan area]], I-96 merges with [[Interstate 69 in Michigan|I-69]] and turns southward at an interchange in the southwestern corner of the county; this interchange also provides access to [[Interstate 96 Business (Lansing, Michigan)|Business Loop I-96]] (BL I-96, Grand River Avenue).<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
 [[File:I-96 and I-496, Lansing.jpg|thumb|left|upright||Aerial view looking north from the I-496 interchange along I-96/I-69 west of Lansing|alt=Photograph of]]
-These two Interstates run southward together for about {{convert|6.5|mi|km}} on the west side of the metro area, picking up a third lane in each direction. The exit numbers and mileposts along the concurrency reflect those of I-96, which is considered the dominant designation of the pair. South of that interchange, the freeway crosses into [[Eaton County, Michigan|Eaton County]] and over the Grand River. The trunkline passes near some residential subdivisions, and next to the interchange for [[Interstate 69 Business (Lansing, Michigan)|BL I-69]]/[[M-43 (Michigan highway)|M-43]] (Saginaw Highway), there is a large retail development. Further south, [[Interstate 496|I-496]] (Olds Freeway) branches off to run into downtown Lansing before the split between I-96 and I-69. I-69 turns southward while I-96 turns southeasterly, dropping back to four lanes in total. After the Lansing Road interchange, the freeway crosses the Grand River one last time and runs due east to bypass Lansing.<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
+These two Interstates run southward together for about {{convert|6.5|mi|km}} on the west side of the metropolitan area, picking up a third lane in each direction. The exit numbers and mileposts along the concurrency reflect those of I-96, which is considered the dominant designation of the pair. South of that interchange, the freeway crosses into [[Eaton County, Michigan|Eaton County]] and over the Grand River. The trunkline passes near residential subdivisions, and next to the interchange for [[Interstate 69 Business (Lansing, Michigan)|BL I-69]]/[[M-43 (Michigan highway)|M-43]] (Saginaw Highway), there is a large retail development. Further south, [[Interstate 496|I-496]] (Olds Freeway) branches off to run into downtown Lansing before the split between I-96 and I-69. I-69 turns southward while I-96 turns southeasterly, dropping back to four lanes in total. After the Lansing Road interchange, the freeway crosses the Grand River one last time and runs due east to bypass Lansing.<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
 [[File:I-96 and I-69 south split Lansing.jpg|thumb|Southern split between I-96 and I-69 southwest of Lansing|alt=Photograph looking south showing]]
-I-96 crosses into [[Ingham County, Michigan|Ingham County]] and continues along the southern edges of the Lansing metro area. It passes through areas with residential subdivisions and commercial developments, coming to a pair of interchanges including one for the eastern end of BL I-96 (Cedar Street). Near the crossing of the [[Red Cedar River (Michigan)|Red Cedar River]], I-96 passes through the interchange for I-496/[[U.S. Route 127 in Michigan|US&nbsp;127]]. East of that interchange, the freeway begins to exit the metro area as the landscape transitions back to farm fields. I-96 continues eastward, bypassing [[Williamston, Michigan|Williamston]] and [[Webberville, Michigan|Webberville]] to the south. Near the latter, the freeway turns more southeasterly and crosses into [[Livingston County, Michigan|Livingston County]].<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
+I-96 crosses into [[Ingham County, Michigan|Ingham County]] and continues along the southern edges of the Lansing metro area. It passes through areas with residential subdivisions and commercial developments, coming to a pair of interchanges including one for the eastern end of BL I-96 (Cedar Street). Near the crossing of the [[Red Cedar River (Michigan)|Red Cedar River]], I-96 goes through the interchange for I-496/[[U.S. Route 127 in Michigan|US&nbsp;127]]. East of that interchange, the freeway begins to exit the metro area as the landscape transitions back to farm fields. I-96 continues eastward, bypassing [[Williamston, Michigan|Williamston]] and [[Webberville, Michigan|Webberville]] to the south. Near the latter, the freeway turns more southeasterly and crosses into [[Livingston County, Michigan|Livingston County]].<ref name=MDOT12/><ref name=google/>
 In Livingston County, I-96 passes to the south of [[Fowlerville, Michigan|Fowlerville]] and [[Howell, Michigan|Howell]]. Near the [[Livingston County Spencer J. Hardy Airport]] on the western edge of Howell, I-96 meets [[M-59 (Michigan highway)|M-59]], which carries the [[Interstate 96 Business (Howell, Michigan)|Howell business loop]] easterly to Grand River Avenue. The freeway expands to six lanes and runs parallel to Grand River Avenue on the southern side of town. The business loop reconnects near Lake Chemung on the east side of town, and I-96 turns further to the southeast. On the northeast side of [[Brighton, Michigan|Brighton]], I-96 crosses over Grand River Avenue and the landscape transitions to include residential subdivisions. I-96 crosses [[U.S. Route 23 in Michigan|US&nbsp;23]] and enters the far northwestern edge of [[Metro Detroit]].<ref name=MDOT12>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= State Transportation Map |year= 2012 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:15&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;cm:9&nbsp;km |section=K8–M13 }}</ref><ref name=google>{{google maps |url= //maps.google.com/maps?saddr=US-31+BUS+S&daddr=Unknown+road&hl=en&sll=42.453735,-83.424511&sspn=0.122096,0.116558&geocode=Fa3GkgIdzYrc-g%3BFajyhQIdsC8M-w&mra=ls&t=h&z=8 |title= Overview Map of Interstate 96 |accessdate= July&nbsp;20, 2012}}</ref>
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 ===Metro Detroit===
 [[File:Mixing Bowl Interchange (Novi, Michigan).png|thumb|left|300px|Satellite image of the interchange with M-5, I-275 and I-696 in Novi and Farmington Hills|alt=Satellite photograph]]
-I-96 passes through an area with several lakes as it crosses into [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]]. This area includes the [[Island Lake Recreation Area|Island Lake State Recreation Area]] to the south and the [[Kensington Metropark]] to the north of the freeway in an area where it crosses the [[Huron River (Michigan)|Huron River]]. The Interstate runs through [[Wixom, Michigan|Wixom]] into [[Novi, Michigan|Novi]] where it passes to the south of the [[Twelve Oaks Mall]]. Southeast of the mall, I-96 enters a complex interchange on the border between Novi and [[Farmington Hills, Michigan|Farmington Hills]] that connects it to [[M-5 (Michigan highway)|M-5]] (Haggerty Connector), [[Interstate 275 (Michigan)|I-275]] and [[Interstate 696|I-696]] (Reuther Freeway). The trunkline drops a lane in each direction as it enters the interchange and turns southward. The freeway then merges into I-275 and increases to four lanes in each direction running south in Farmington Hills.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= State Transportation Map |year= 2012 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2,5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;cm:1.75&nbsp;km |section=C3–C7, C7–E7, E7–E11 |inset= Detroit Area }}</ref>
+I-96 passes through an area with several lakes as it crosses into [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]]. This area includes the [[Island Lake Recreation Area|Island Lake State Recreation Area]] to the south and the [[Kensington Metropark]] to the north of the freeway in an area where it crosses the [[Huron River (Michigan)|Huron River]]. The Interstate runs through [[Wixom, Michigan|Wixom]] into [[Novi, Michigan|Novi]], where it passes to the south of the [[Twelve Oaks Mall]]. Southeast of the mall, I-96 enters a complex interchange on the border between Novi and [[Farmington Hills, Michigan|Farmington Hills]] that connects it to [[M-5 (Michigan highway)|M-5]] (Haggerty Connector), [[Interstate 275 (Michigan)|I-275]] and [[Interstate 696|I-696]] (Reuther Freeway). The trunkline drops a lane in each direction as it enters the interchange and turns southward. The freeway then merges into I-275 and increases to four lanes in each direction running south in Farmington Hills.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= State Transportation Map |year= 2012 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2,5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;cm:1.75&nbsp;km |section=C3–C7, C7–E7, E7–E11 |inset= Detroit Area }}</ref>
 According to the [[Federal Highway Administration]], I-275 ends at the junction with I-96 and [[M-14 (Michigan highway)|M-14]] along the boundary between [[Livonia, Michigan|Livonia]] and [[Plymouth Charter Township, Michigan|Plymouth Township]] and not at the interchange in Novi and Farmington Hills.{{#tag:ref|FHWA's ''Route Log and Finder List'' documents the length of I-275 as {{convert|29.97|mi|km}},<ref name=RLT2/> which corresponds to the length from I-75 to the southern I-96 junction.<ref name=PRFA/> It also omits any mention of an overlap with I-96 from its notes.<ref name=RLT2>{{cite web |first= Tony |last= DeSimone |date= October&nbsp;31, 2002 |title= Table&nbsp;2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October&nbsp;31, 2002 |url= http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table2.cfm |work= Route Log and Finder List |publisher= Federal Highway Administration |accessdate= July&nbsp;20, 2012}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} MDOT considers I-275 to extend northward concurrently with I-96 to the Novi and Farmington Hills,<ref name=MDOT12D/> and maps from other providers follow MDOT's lead and label the freeway north of M-14 as I-96/I-275.<ref name=RM13>{{cite map |publisher= [[Rand McNally]] |year= 2013 |title= The Road Atlas |cartography= Rand McNally |scale= |section= H3–J3 |inset= Detroit & Vicinity |page= 52 |isbn= 0-528-00626-6}}</ref>
-I-96/I-275 runs southward for about {{convert/spell|2|mi|km}} before crossing into [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] at the interchange with [[M-102 (Michigan highway)|8&nbsp;Mile Road]] near the [[Meadowbrook Country Club]]. The freeway curves to the east around [[Schoolcraft College]] and then south of 5&nbsp;Mile Road, I-96 meets the interchange with M-14 and I-275 where it turns to the east along the Jeffries Freeway. To the north and south sides of I-96 are a pair of [[Frontage road|service drive]]s named Schoolcraft Road<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/> which follow the 4&nbsp;Mile location on the [[Mile Road System (Detroit)|Mile Road System]] for Detroit.<ref name=gavrilovich>{{cite book |last1= Gavrilovich |first1=Peter |last2= McGraw |first2= Bill |year= 2000 |title= The Detroit Almanac: 300&nbsp;Years of Life in the Motor City |location= Detroit |publisher= Detroit Free Press |pages= 20–1 |isbn= 978-0-937247-34-1 |lastauthoramp= y}}</ref> To the north of the Jeffries are residential neighborhoods and to the south are commercial or industrial areas. At Inkster Road, it crosses into [[Redford Charter Township, Michigan|Redford Township]] where it intersects [[U.S. Route 24 in Michigan|US&nbsp;24]] (Telegraph Road) near [[Eliza Howell Park]]. East of the park, I-96 enters Detroit.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/>
+I-96/I-275 runs southward for about {{convert/spell|2|mi|km}} before crossing into [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] at the interchange with [[M-102 (Michigan highway)|8&nbsp;Mile Road]] near the [[Meadowbrook Country Club]]. The freeway curves to the east around [[Schoolcraft College]]; then, south of 5&nbsp;Mile Road, I-96 meets the interchange with M-14 and I-275 where it turns to the east along the Jeffries Freeway. To the north and south sides of I-96 are a pair of [[Frontage road|service drive]]s named Schoolcraft Road<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/> which follow the 4&nbsp;Mile location on the [[Mile Road System (Detroit)|Mile Road System]] for Detroit.<ref name=gavrilovich>{{cite book |last1= Gavrilovich |first1=Peter |last2= McGraw |first2= Bill |year= 2000 |title= The Detroit Almanac: 300&nbsp;Years of Life in the Motor City |location= Detroit |publisher= Detroit Free Press |pages= 20–1 |isbn= 978-0-937247-34-1 |lastauthoramp= y}}</ref> To the north of the Jeffries are residential neighborhoods and to the south are commercial or industrial areas. At Inkster Road, the freeway crosses into [[Redford Charter Township, Michigan|Redford Township]] where it intersects [[U.S. Route 24 in Michigan|US&nbsp;24]] (Telegraph Road) near [[Eliza Howell Park]]. East of the park, I-96 enters Detroit.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/>
-Past the [[Outer Drive]] interchange, I-96 splits into a [[local-express lanes]] configuration. There are two [[carriageway]]s in each direction, and the central ones have three lanes that bypass almost all of the exits while the outer ones have two lanes that have access to each exit. The Jeffries turns southeasterly and separates from Schoolcraft Road shifting {{convert/spell|1/2|mi|km}} to the south. The interchange with [[M-39 (Michigan highway)|M-39]] (Southfield Freeway) features slip ramps so that traffic can pass between the local and express lanes. Further east, I-96 turns northeasterly to cross Grand River Avenue at the southern end of M-5. I-96 curves over to the interchange with [[M-8 (Michigan highway)|M-8]] (Davison Avenue) and the local-express configuration ends as the freeway turns back to the south to cross over Grand River Avenue.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/>
+Past the [[Outer Drive]] interchange, I-96 splits into a [[local-express lanes]] configuration. There are two [[carriageway]]s in each direction, and the central ones have three lanes that bypass almost all of the exits while the outer ones have two lanes that have access to each exit. The Jeffries turns southeasterly and separates from Schoolcraft Avenue shifting {{convert/spell|1/2|mi|km}} to the south. The interchange with [[M-39 (Michigan highway)|M-39]] (Southfield Freeway) features slip ramps so that traffic can pass between the local and express lanes. Further east, I-96 turns northeasterly to cross Grand River Avenue at the southern end of M-5. I-96 curves over to the interchange with [[M-8 (Michigan highway)|M-8]] (Davison Avenue) and the local-express configuration ends as the freeway turns back to the south to cross over Grand River Avenue.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/>
 [[File:DavisonExit.JPG|thumb|right|I-96 east at Davison Avenue, the east end of the local–express split|alt=Photograph of]]
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 The Detroit Expressway and Transit System plan, prepared in 1945 for the city of Detroit, included a Grand River Expressway, which was to parallel [[Grand River Avenue]] into downtown and relieve [[traffic congestion|congestion]] on that artery. A rail line would be built in the [[median (road)|median]] of the freeway west of West Chicago Street, where [[streetcar]]s would exit onto the existing surface tracks on Grand River Avenue into downtown. The plan called for a future conversion to [[rapid transit]] with a grade-separated route to downtown.<ref>{{cite book |last=Andrews |first=W. Earle. |title=Detroit Expressway and Transit System |year=1945 |location=New York |publisher= Detroit Transportation Board |oclc=7195393}}</ref> The [[Department of Street Railways]] determined in 1947 that the operation would cost $6 million per year, and the planned transit line was dropped from the plans. By 1961, the proposed highway was renamed the Jeffries Freeway, after [[Edward Jeffries]], who served as [[List of mayors of Detroit, Michigan|Detroit mayor]] from 1940 to 1948.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Detroit News]] |title=Detroit will stay accessible during I-75 shutdown |date=January&nbsp;18, 1999 |issn= 1055-2715}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last= Malo |first= Alger F. |month= January |year= 1961 |title= The Relation of Mass Transportation to Total Transportation in Detroit |journal=[[Traffic Quarterly]] |location= New York |publisher= [[Eno Foundation|Eno Foundation for Highway Traffic Control]] |volume= 15 |issue=1 |pages= 226–41 |issn= 0041-0713}}</ref>
-The first piece of the Jeffries Freeway connected the [[Fisher Freeway]] (I-75) with the [[Edsel Ford Freeway|Ford Freeway]] (I-94) in 1970.<ref name=MDSH70>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1970 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= E8 |inset= Detroit and Vicinity }}</ref><ref name=MDSH71>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1971 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= E8 |inset= Detroit and Vicinity }}</ref> It was extended northwest to Livernois Avenue (exit&nbsp;188A) in July 1971,<ref name=barnettJ>{{cite book |first=LeRoy |last=Barnett |year= 2004 |title=A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan|location= Allegan Forest, MI |publisher= Priscilla Press |pages=120–1 |ISBN=1-886167-24-9}}</ref> and then to Grand River Avenue at Schaefer Highway (exit&nbsp;185) in 1973.<ref name=MDSH73>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1973 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= E7–E8 |inset= Detroit and Vicinity }}</ref><ref name=MDSHT74>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1974 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= E7–E8 |inset= Detroit and Vicinity }}</ref> In 1976, the freeway was extended west to the [[Southfield Freeway]] (exit 183), and the entire I-275 concurrent section was opened.<ref>{{cite report |title=Economic Report of the Governor |url= |last=Milliken |first=William |year=1975 |location= Lansing, MI |publisher=[[Governor of Michigan|Office of the Governor]] |accessdate= |page=37 |authorlink = William Milliken}}</ref> The final piece was completed on November 21, 1977, connecting the Detroit section to I-275.<ref name=kulsea>{{cite book |first1= Bill |last1= Kulsea |first2= Tom |last2= Shawver |year= 1980 |title= Making Michigan Move: A History of Michigan Highways and the Michigan Department of Transportation |location= Lansing, MI |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |page= 27 |oclc= 8169232 |lastauthoramp=y}}</ref> The I-96 designation was assigned along the I-275 freeway south to the Jeffries Freeway, and eastward along the new freeway to the M-39 interchange, and the remaining stub of I-96 around Farmington was redesignated as an extension of [[M-102 (Michigan highway)|M-102]] (now [[M-5 (Michigan highway)|M-5]]).<ref name=MDSHT78>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1978 |edition=1978–79 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= D5, E5–E5 |inset= Detroit Area }}</ref>
+The first piece of the Jeffries Freeway connected the [[Fisher Freeway]] (I-75) with the [[Edsel Ford Freeway|Ford Freeway]] (I-94) in 1970.<ref name=MDSH70>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1970 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= E8 |inset= Detroit and Vicinity }}</ref><ref name=MDSH71>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1971 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= E8 |inset= Detroit and Vicinity }}</ref> It was extended northwest to Livernois Avenue (exit&nbsp;188A) in July 1971,<ref name=barnettJ>{{cite book |first=LeRoy |last=Barnett |year= 2004 |title=A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan|location= Allegan Forest, MI |publisher= Priscilla Press |pages=120–1 |ISBN=1-886167-24-9}}</ref> and then to Grand River Avenue at Schaefer Highway (exit&nbsp;185) in 1973.<ref name=MDSH73>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1973 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= E7–E8 |inset= Detroit and Vicinity }}</ref><ref name=MDSHT74>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1974 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= E7–E8 |inset= Detroit and Vicinity }}</ref> In 1976, the freeway was extended west to the [[Southfield Freeway]] (exit 183), and the entire I-275 concurrent section was opened.<ref>{{cite report |title=Economic Report of the Governor |url= |last=Milliken |first=William |year=1975 |location= Lansing, MI |publisher=[[Governor of Michigan|Office of the Governor]] |accessdate= |page=37 |authorlink = William Milliken}}</ref> The final piece was completed on November 21, 1977, connecting the Detroit section to I-275.<ref name=kulsea>{{cite book |first1= Bill |last1= Kulsea |first2= Tom |last2= Shawver |year= 1980 |title= Making Michigan Move: A History of Michigan Highways and the Michigan Department of Transportation |location= Lansing, MI |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |page= 27 |oclc= 8169232 |lastauthoramp=y}}</ref> The I-96 designation was assigned along the I-275 freeway south to the Jeffries Freeway, and eastward along the new freeway to the M-39 interchange; the remaining stub of I-96 around Farmington was redesignated as an extension of [[M-102 (Michigan highway)|M-102]] (now [[M-5 (Michigan highway)|M-5]]).<ref name=MDSHT78>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1978 |edition=1978–79 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:2.5&nbsp;mi |section= D5, E5–E5 |inset= Detroit Area }}</ref>
 [[File:Interstate 96 E-L at M-39.jpg|thumb|Express-local lanes along the westbound Jeffries Freeway approaching M-39 (Southfield Freeway) in Detroit|alt=Photograph showing]]
-Originally, the route of Interstate 96 from the east end of the existing freeway in Farmington through Detroit, named the Jeffries Freeway (commonly referred to as simply "the Jeffries"), was to closely parallel [[Grand River Avenue]] (formerly US&nbsp;16).<ref name="YBD">{{cite map |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Detroit,_Michigan_1955_Yellow_Book.jpg |title= General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated in September 1955 (Yellow Book)  |publisher=Bureau of Public Roads |inset= Detroit, Michigan |month=September |year= 1955 |oclc= 4165975 |accessdate= September&nbsp;6, 2010}}</ref> However, by 1963, several [[freeway revolt]]s were taking place in urban locations throughout the country, including Detroit. Several of Detroit's planned freeways were modified, scaled back, or outright cancelled. To minimize the impact to existing communities and businesses, it was decided that the Jeffries Freeway would no longer utilize the Grand River Avenue corridor. Instead, the new I-96 freeway corridor would partially use the [[C&O Railroad]] right of way through the city of Livonia, and utilize the planned I-275 freeway bypassing Detroit to the west to connect back to the existing freeway.<ref name=study>{{cite report |author= Staff |year= 1964 |title= I-96 Freeway Planning and Route Location Study, City of Detroit, Volume&nbsp;1 |location= Lansing, MI |publisher= Michigan State Highway Department |page=20}}</ref>
+Originally, the route of Interstate 96 from the east end of the existing freeway in Farmington through Detroit, named the Jeffries Freeway (commonly referred to as simply "the Jeffries"), was to closely parallel [[Grand River Avenue]] (formerly US&nbsp;16).<ref name="YBD">{{cite map |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Detroit,_Michigan_1955_Yellow_Book.jpg |title= General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated in September 1955 (Yellow Book)  |publisher=Bureau of Public Roads |inset= Detroit, Michigan |month=September |year= 1955 |oclc= 4165975 |accessdate= September&nbsp;6, 2010}}</ref> However, by 1963, several [[freeway revolt]]s were taking place in urban locations throughout the country, including Detroit. Several of Detroit's planned freeways were modified, scaled back, or outright cancelled. To minimize the impact to existing communities and businesses, it was decided that the Jeffries Freeway would no longer utilize the Grand River Avenue corridor. Instead, the new I-96 freeway corridor would partially use the [[C&O Railroad]] right of way through the city of Livonia (ultimately being built over Schoolcraft Road), and utilize the planned I-275 freeway bypassing Detroit to the west to connect back to the existing freeway.<ref name=study>{{cite report |author= Staff |year= 1964 |title= I-96 Freeway Planning and Route Location Study, City of Detroit, Volume&nbsp;1 |location= Lansing, MI |publisher= Michigan State Highway Department |page=20}}</ref>
 ===Subsequent history===
-Since the completion of I-96 in 1977, several changes to the freeway have taken place. Beginning in 1984, an extension of the [[U.S. Route 27 in Michigan|US&nbsp;27]] freeway (later to become I-69) bypassing Lansing opened; US&nbsp;27 was then cosigned with I-96 along the western side of Lansing.<ref name=MDOT84>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1984 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:14.5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;in:23&nbsp;km |section= L11 }}</ref><ref name=MDOT85>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1985 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:14.5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;in:23&nbsp;km |section= L11 }}</ref> Three years later, the I-69 designation was applied to this new bypass, resulting in a triple concurrency (I-96/I-69/US&nbsp;27);<ref name=MDOT86>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1986 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:14.5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;in:23&nbsp;km |section= L11 }}</ref><ref name=MDOT87>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1987 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:14.5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;in:23&nbsp;km |section= L11}}</ref> that existed until 2002, when US&nbsp;27 was decommissioned in Michigan.<ref name=US27D>{{cite press release |first1= Kari |last1= Debnar |first2= Mark |last2= Bott |lastauthoramp=y |url= http://www.mdot.state.mi.us/communications/press/files/01-07KD-02.htm |title= US&nbsp;27 Designation Soon To Be Deleted from Michigan Highways |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |date= January&nbsp;14, 2002 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20020223221112/http://www.mdot.state.mi.us/communications/press/files/01-07KD-02.htm |archivedate= February&nbsp;23, 2002 |accessdate= March&nbsp;14, 2012}}</ref>
+Since the completion of I-96 in 1977, several changes to the freeway have taken place. Beginning in 1984, an extension of the [[U.S. Route 27 in Michigan|US&nbsp;27]] freeway (later to become I-69) bypassing Lansing opened; US&nbsp;27 was then cosigned with I-96 along the western side of Lansing.<ref name=MDOT84>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1984 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:14.5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;in:23&nbsp;km |section= L11 }}</ref><ref name=MDOT85>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1985 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:14.5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;in:23&nbsp;km |section= L11 }}</ref> Three years later, the I-69 designation was applied to this new bypass, resulting in a triple concurrency (I-96/I-69/US&nbsp;27)<ref name=MDOT86>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1986 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:14.5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;in:23&nbsp;km |section= L11 }}</ref><ref name=MDOT87>{{cite map |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |title= Official Transportation Map |year= 1987 |scale= 1&nbsp;in:14.5&nbsp;mi&nbsp;/ 1&nbsp;in:23&nbsp;km |section= L11}}</ref> that existed until 2002, when US&nbsp;27 was decommissioned in Michigan.<ref name=US27D>{{cite press release |first1= Kari |last1= Debnar |first2= Mark |last2= Bott |lastauthoramp=y |url= http://www.mdot.state.mi.us/communications/press/files/01-07KD-02.htm |title= US&nbsp;27 Designation Soon To Be Deleted from Michigan Highways |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |date= January&nbsp;14, 2002 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20020223221112/http://www.mdot.state.mi.us/communications/press/files/01-07KD-02.htm |archivedate= February&nbsp;23, 2002 |accessdate= March&nbsp;14, 2012}}</ref>
 [[File:36th Street exit Grand Rapids I-96.jpg|left|thumb|Exit and entry ramps from the 36th Street interchange|alt=Photograph of the]]
 From 2003 to 2005, the Beck Road interchange (exit 160) in [[Novi, Michigan|Novi]] was reconstructed as a [[single point urban interchange]] (SPUI), the first in the metropolitan Detroit area and the first on I-96.<ref name=kalousdian>{{cite journal |last= Kalousdian |first= Aram |date= August&nbsp;7, 2004 |title= Single Point Interchange Under Construction |journal= Michigan Contractor and Builder |publisher= Reed Business Information |accessdate= July&nbsp;21, 2012 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-124005119.html |oclc= 761993683}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
-An interchange between 36th Street and I-96 was built starting in 2005 and completed in 2006. The project was aimed to improve access to the Gerald R. Ford International Airport southeast of Grand Rapids.<ref name=bloemendaal>{{cite journal |last= Bloemendaal |first= Dirk C. |date= September&nbsp;2, 2006 |title= Interchange Improves Traffic Flow |journal= Michigan Contractor and Builder |publisher= Reed Business Information, Inc. |accessdate= July&nbsp;21, 2012 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-150978703.html |oclc= 761993683}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The reconstruction of the Wixom Road interchange near Novi as a SPUI was completed in late fall of 2008.<ref name=wixom>{{cite journal |last= Kalousdian |first= Aram |date= November 3, 2008 |title= Wixom/I-96 Interchange Reconstructed |journal= Michigan Contractor and Builder |publisher= Reed Business Information |accessdate= July 21, 2012 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-188432574.html |oclc= 761993683}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
+An interchange between 36th Street and I-96 was built starting in 2005 and was completed in 2006. The project aimed to improve access to the Gerald R. Ford International Airport southeast of Grand Rapids.<ref name=bloemendaal>{{cite journal |last= Bloemendaal |first= Dirk C. |date= September&nbsp;2, 2006 |title= Interchange Improves Traffic Flow |journal= Michigan Contractor and Builder |publisher= Reed Business Information, Inc. |accessdate= July&nbsp;21, 2012 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-150978703.html |oclc= 761993683}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The reconstruction of the Wixom Road interchange near Novi as a SPUI was completed in late fall of 2008.<ref name=wixom>{{cite journal |last= Kalousdian |first= Aram |date= November 3, 2008 |title= Wixom/I-96 Interchange Reconstructed |journal= Michigan Contractor and Builder |publisher= Reed Business Information |accessdate= July 21, 2012 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-188432574.html |oclc= 761993683}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
 Another interchange at Latson Road in [[Howell, Michigan|Howell]] was approved for construction on July 19, 2012. This interchange will bring improved access to the eastern Howell area, which is currently only accessible from westbound I-96.<ref name=greenwood-2012-07-19/>
@@ Line 714: / Line 714: @@
 {{legendRJL|exit}}
-==Auxiliary routes==
+==Related trunklines==
-I-96 has four [[3di|auxiliary route]]s, connecting the freeway to downtowns and other cities. [[Interstate 196|I-196]] is a relatively long freeway spur, beginning at I-96 east of downtown [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] and heading west through downtown to [[Holland, Michigan|Holland]], and then south to I-94 near [[Benton Harbor, Michigan|Benton Harbor]].<ref name=MDOT12/> The unsigned [[Interstate 296|I-296]] connects I-96 north of downtown Grand Rapids with I-196 in downtown,<ref name=PRFA/> and is signed as US&nbsp;131. [[Interstate 496|I-496]] is a loop through downtown [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]], which I-96 bypasses to the south, and [[Interstate 696|I-696]] is a northern bypass of [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]], connecting I-96 in [[Novi, Michigan|Novi]] with I-75 in [[Royal Oak, Michigan|Royal Oak]] and I-94 in [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St. Clair Shores]].<ref name=MDOT12/>
+I-96 has four related, [[List of auxiliary Interstate Highways|auxiliary Interstate highways]] that connect the main freeway to downtowns and other cities. [[Interstate 196|I-196]] is a relatively long freeway spur, beginning at I-96 east of downtown [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] and heading west through downtown to [[Holland, Michigan|Holland]], and then south to I-94 near [[Benton Harbor, Michigan|Benton Harbor]].<ref name=MDOT12/> The unsigned [[Interstate 296|I-296]] connects I-96 north of downtown Grand Rapids with I-196 in downtown,<ref name=PRFA/> and is signed as US&nbsp;131. [[Interstate 496|I-496]] is a loop through downtown [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]], which I-96 bypasses to the south, and [[Interstate 696|I-696]] is a northern bypass of [[Detroit]], connecting I-96 in [[Novi, Michigan|Novi]] with I-75 in [[Royal Oak, Michigan|Royal Oak]] and I-94 in [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St. Clair Shores]].<ref name=MDOT12/>
 I-96 presently has two [[business route]]s: a [[Interstate 96 Business (Lansing, Michigan)|loop through Lansing]] and a [[Interstate 96 Business (Howell, Michigan)|loop through Howell]].<ref name=MDOT12/> Both follow the old route of [[U.S. Route 16 in Michigan|US&nbsp;16]],<ref name="MSHD58">{{cite map |publisher= Michigan State Highway Department |title= Official Highway Map |year= 1958 |section= L11, L12}} (Includes all changes through July&nbsp;1, 1958)</ref> with appropriate connections to I-96.<ref name=MDOT12/> A [[Interstate 96 Business (Muskegon, Michigan)|spur into Muskegon]] once existed, [[concurrency (road)|running concurrently]] with part of [[U.S. Route 31 Business (Muskegon, Michigan)|BUS&nbsp;US&nbsp;31]] along former US&nbsp;16,<ref>{{cite map |publisher=[[Gulf Oil|Gulf]] |title=Ohio and Michigan Tourgide Map |cartography=[[Rand McNally & Company]] |year=1971 |oclc= 42876877}}<!--Yes, that's how they spelled the title, see the worldcat.org information linked to the OCLC number--></ref> but it has been eliminated. Two routes in the Detroit area—a [[Interstate 96 Business (Farmington, Michigan)|loop through Farmington]] and a [[Interstate 96 Business (Detroit, Michigan)|spur into Detroit]]—both using [[Grand River Avenue]], and meeting at the temporary end of I-96 near Purdue Avenue, were eliminated when I-96 was moved to the completed Jeffries Freeway in 1977.<ref>{{cite map |publisher=Gulf |title=Tourgide: United States, Canada and Mexico |cartography=Rand McNally & Company |year=1977}}<!--Shows the routes existing just prior to the completion of the new I-96 and the removal of I-96 from the Farmington spur.--></ref> On October 31, 2007, a [[Interstate 96 Business (Portland, Michigan)|spur into Portland]] was decommissioned and transferred to the City of Portland.<ref name="MDOT103107">{{cite web |title= Contract Number&nbsp;103107 |author= Staff |publisher= Michigan Department of Transportation |url= http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/greatlakesroads/message/12608 |date= October&nbsp;31, 2007 |accessdate= November&nbsp;2, 2007}}<!--Patrick Allen is an employee of MDOT.--> {{registration required}}</ref>

v t e Primary Interstate Highways
Signed	2 4 5 8 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 19 20 22 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 35 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 49 55 57 59 64 65 66 KS–KY VA–DC 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 CO–NE OH–NJ 77 78 79 80 81 82 WA–OR PA–NY CT–RI 83 84 OR–UT PA–MA 85 86 ID PA–NY CT–MA 87 NC NY 88 IL NY 89 90 91 93 94 95 96 97 99 H-1 H-2 H-3
Unsigned	A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 PRI-1 PRI-2 PRI-3
Lists	Primary Auxiliary Suffixed Business Future
Other	Standards Gaps Tolled
Routes in italics are no longer a part of the system. Major Interstates are highlighted.