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[[File:Halteres from ancient Greece.JPG|thumb|[[Halteres (ancient Greece)|Halteres]] used in athletic games in ancient Greece.]]
[[File:Halteres from ancient Greece.JPG|thumb|[[Halteres (ancient Greece)|Halteres]] used in athletic games in ancient Greece.]]
[[File:Weitsprung Luzerner Schilling.jpg|thumb|[[Standing long jump]], detail of a page from the [[Luzerner Chronik]] of 1513.]]
[[File:Weitsprung Luzerner Schilling.jpg|thumb|[[Standing long jump]], detail of a page from the [[Luzerner Chronik]] of 1513.]]
The long jump is the only known jumping event of Ancient Greece's original Olympics' pentathlon events. All events that occurred at the Olympic Games were initially supposed to act as a form of training for warfare. The long jump emerged probably because it mirrored the crossing of obstacles such as streams and ravines.<ref name="AOG_book">{{cite book|last=Swaddling |first=Judith|title=The Ancient Olympic Games|publisher=University of Texas Pres|isbn=0292777515}}</ref> After investigating the surviving depictions of the ancient event it is believed that unlike the modern day event, athletes were only allowed a short running start.<ref name="AOG_book" /> The athletes carried a weight in each hand, which were called [[Halteres (ancient Greece)|halteres]] (between 1 and 4.5&nbsp;kg). These weights were swung forward as the athlete jumped in order to increase momentum. It is commonly believed that the jumper would throw the weights behind him in mid-air to increase his forward momentum; however, halteres were held throughout the duration of the jump. Swinging them down and back at the end of the jump would change the athlete's center of gravity and allow the athlete to stretch his legs outward, increasing his distance. The jump itself was made from the ''bater'' ("that which is trod upon"). It was most likely a simple board placed on the stadium track which was removed after the event (Miller, 66). The jumpers would land in what was called a ''skamma'' ("dug-up" area) (Miller, 66). The idea that this was a pit full of sand is wrong. Sand in the jumping pit is a modern invention (Miller, 66). The ''skamma'' was simply a temporary area dug up for that occasion and not something that remained over time. The long jump was considered one of the most difficult of the events held at the Games since a great deal of skill was required. Music was often played during the jump and Philostratus says that pipes at times would accompany the jump so as to provide a rhythm for the complex movements of the halteres by the athlete.<ref name="AOG_book" /> Philostratos is quoted as saying, "The rules regard jumping as the most difficult of the competitions, and they allow the jumper to be given advantages in rhythm by the use of the flute, and in weight by the use of the halter." (Miller, 67). Most notable in the ancient sport was a man called [[Chionis of Sparta|Chionis]], who in the 656BC Olympics staged a jump of 7.05&nbsp;metres (23&nbsp;feet and 1.7&nbsp;inches).<ref name="ancient_origins">{{cite web | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20070311052052/http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/athletics/athleticsancient.html | title = Ancient Origins | accessdate = 2006-10-29 | publisher = The Times/The Sunday Times }}</ref>
The long jump is the only known jumping event of Ancient Greece's original Olympics' pentathlon events. All events that occurred at the Olympic Games were initially supposed to act as a form of training for warfare. The long jump emerged probably because it mirrored the crossing of obstacles such as streams and ravines.<ref name="AOG_book">{{cite book|last=Swaddling |first=Judith|title=The Ancient Olympic Games|publisher=University of Texas Pres|isbn=0292777515}}</ref> After investigating the surviving depictions of the ancient event it is believed that unlike the modern day event, athletes were only allowed a short running start.<ref name="AOG_book" /> The athletes carried a weight in each hand, which were called [[Halteres (ancient Greece)|halteres]] (between 1 and 4.5&nbsp;kg). These weights were swung forward as the athlete jumped in order to increase momentum. It is commonly believed that the jumper would throw the weights behind him in mid-air to increase his forward momentum; however, halteres were held throughout the duration of the jump. Swinging them down and back at the end of the jump would change the athlete's center of gravity and allow the athlete to stretch his legs outward, increasing his distance. The jump itself was made from the ''bater'' ("that which is trod upon"). It was most likely a simple board placed on the stadium track which was removed after the event <ref>Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.66)</ref>. The jumpers would land in what was called a ''skamma'' ("dug-up" area) <ref>Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.66</ref>. The idea that this was a pit full of sand is wrong. Sand in the jumping pit is a modern invention <ref>Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004 p.66</ref> The ''skamma'' was simply a temporary area dug up for that occasion and not something that remained over time. The long jump was considered one of the most difficult of the events held at the Games since a great deal of skill was required. Music was often played during the jump and Philostratus says that pipes at times would accompany the jump so as to provide a rhythm for the complex movements of the halteres by the athlete.<ref name="AOG_book" /> Philostratos is quoted as saying, "The rules regard jumping as the most difficult of the competitions, and they allow the jumper to be given advantages in rhythm by the use of the flute, and in weight by the use of the halter." <ref>Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.67</ref>. Most notable in the ancient sport was a man called [[Chionis of Sparta|Chionis]], who in the 656BC Olympics staged a jump of 7.05&nbsp;metres (23&nbsp;feet and 1.7&nbsp;inches).<ref name="ancient_origins">{{cite web | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20070311052052/http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/athletics/athleticsancient.html | title = Ancient Origins | accessdate = 2006-10-29 | publisher = The Times/The Sunday Times }}</ref>


There has been some argument by modern scholars over the long jump. Some have attempted to recreate it as a [[triple jump]]. The images provide the only evidence for the action so it is more well received that it was much like today's long jump. The main reason some want to call it a triple jump is the presence of a source that claims there once was a fifty five ancient foot jump done by a man named Phayllos (Miller, 68).
There has been some argument by modern scholars over the long jump. Some have attempted to recreate it as a [[triple jump]]. The images provide the only evidence for the action so it is more well received that it was much like today's long jump. The main reason some want to call it a triple jump is the presence of a source that claims there once was a fifty five ancient foot jump done by a man named Phayllos <ref>Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.68</ref>.


The long jump has been part of modern Olympic competition since the inception of the [[Summer Olympic Games|Games]] in 1896. In 1914, Dr. Harry Eaton Stewart recommended the "running broad jump" as a standardized track and field event for women.<ref name="Tricard">{{cite book | last = Tricard | first = Louise Mead | title = American Women's Track & Field: A History, 1895 Through 1980| date= 1996-07-01 | publisher = McFarland & Company | isbn = 0-7864-0219-9 | pages = 60–61}}</ref> However, it was not until 1928 that the women's long jump was added to the [[Athletics at the Olympics|Olympic athletics programme]].
The long jump has been part of modern Olympic competition since the inception of the [[Summer Olympic Games|Games]] in 1896. In 1914, Dr. Harry Eaton Stewart recommended the "running broad jump" as a standardized track and field event for women.<ref name="Tricard">{{cite book | last = Tricard | first = Louise Mead | title = American Women's Track & Field: A History, 1895 Through 1980| date= 1996-07-01 | publisher = McFarland & Company | isbn = 0-7864-0219-9 | pages = 60–61}}</ref> However, it was not until 1928 that the women's long jump was added to the [[Athletics at the Olympics|Olympic athletics programme]].

Revision as of 12:56, 8 September 2013

For the World War II plot, see Operation Long Jump. For the programming function, see longjmp.
Athletics
Long jump
Long jumper at the GE Money Grand Prix in Helsinki, July 2005.
World records
MenMike Powell 8.95 m (29 ft 4+1⁄4 in) (1991)
WomenGalina Chistyakova 7.52 m (24 ft 8 in) (1988)
Olympic records
MenBob Beamon 8.90 m (29 ft 2+1⁄4 in) (1968)
WomenJackie Joyner 7.40 m (24 ft 3+1⁄4 in) (1988)

The long jump (formerly commonly called the "broad jump") is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed, strength, and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a take off point. This event has been an Olympic medal event since the first modern Olympics in 1896 (a medal event for women since 1948) and has a history in the Ancient Olympic Games.

Rules

An indicator of wind direction and a device for measuring wind speed (here +2.6 m/s) along a run-up track.

At the elite level, competitors run down a runway (usually coated with the same rubberized surface as running tracks, crumb rubber also vulcanized rubber--known generally as an all-weather track) and jump as far as they can from a wooden board 20 cm or 8 inches wide that is built flush with the runway into a pit filled with finely ground gravel or sand. If the competitor starts the leap with any part of the foot past the foul line, the jump is declared a foul and no distance is recorded. A layer of plasticine is placed immediately after the board to detect this occurrence. An official (similar to a referee) will also watch the jump and make the determination. The competitor can initiate the jump from any point behind the foul line; however, the distance measured will always be perpendicular to the foul line to the nearest break in the sand caused by any part of the body or uniform. Therefore, it is in the best interest of the competitor to get as close to the foul line as possible. Competitors are allowed to place two marks along the side of the runway in order to assist them to jump accurately. At a lesser meet and facilities, the plasticine will likely not exist, the runway might be a different surface or jumpers may initiate their jump from a painted or taped mark on the runway. At a smaller meet, the number of attempts might also be limited to four or three.

Each competitor has a set number of attempts. That would normally be three trials, with three additional jumps being awarded to the best 8 or 9 (depending on the number of lanes on the track at that facility, so the event is equatable to track events) competitors. All legal marks will be recorded but only the longest legal jump counts towards the results. The competitor with the longest legal jump (from either the trial or final rounds) at the end of competition is declared the winner. In the event of an exact tie, then comparing the next best jumps of the tied competitors will be used to determine place. In a large, multi-day elite competition (like the Olympics or World Championships), a set number of competitors will advance to the final round, determined in advance by the meet management. A set of 3 trial round jumps will be held in order to select those finalists. It is standard practice to allow at a minimum, one more competitor than the number of scoring positions to return to the final round, though 12 plus ties and automatic qualifying distances are also potential factors. (For specific rules and regulations in United States Track & Field see Rule 185[1]). For record purposes, the maximum accepted wind assistance is 2 m/s (4.5 mph).

History

Halteres used in athletic games in ancient Greece.
Standing long jump, detail of a page from the Luzerner Chronik of 1513.

The long jump is the only known jumping event of Ancient Greece's original Olympics' pentathlon events. All events that occurred at the Olympic Games were initially supposed to act as a form of training for warfare. The long jump emerged probably because it mirrored the crossing of obstacles such as streams and ravines.[2] After investigating the surviving depictions of the ancient event it is believed that unlike the modern day event, athletes were only allowed a short running start.[2] The athletes carried a weight in each hand, which were called halteres (between 1 and 4.5 kg). These weights were swung forward as the athlete jumped in order to increase momentum. It is commonly believed that the jumper would throw the weights behind him in mid-air to increase his forward momentum; however, halteres were held throughout the duration of the jump. Swinging them down and back at the end of the jump would change the athlete's center of gravity and allow the athlete to stretch his legs outward, increasing his distance. The jump itself was made from the bater ("that which is trod upon"). It was most likely a simple board placed on the stadium track which was removed after the event [3]. The jumpers would land in what was called a skamma ("dug-up" area) [4]. The idea that this was a pit full of sand is wrong. Sand in the jumping pit is a modern invention [5] The skamma was simply a temporary area dug up for that occasion and not something that remained over time. The long jump was considered one of the most difficult of the events held at the Games since a great deal of skill was required. Music was often played during the jump and Philostratus says that pipes at times would accompany the jump so as to provide a rhythm for the complex movements of the halteres by the athlete.[2] Philostratos is quoted as saying, "The rules regard jumping as the most difficult of the competitions, and they allow the jumper to be given advantages in rhythm by the use of the flute, and in weight by the use of the halter." [6]. Most notable in the ancient sport was a man called Chionis, who in the 656BC Olympics staged a jump of 7.05 metres (23 feet and 1.7 inches).[7]

There has been some argument by modern scholars over the long jump. Some have attempted to recreate it as a triple jump. The images provide the only evidence for the action so it is more well received that it was much like today's long jump. The main reason some want to call it a triple jump is the presence of a source that claims there once was a fifty five ancient foot jump done by a man named Phayllos [8].

The long jump has been part of modern Olympic competition since the inception of the Games in 1896. In 1914, Dr. Harry Eaton Stewart recommended the "running broad jump" as a standardized track and field event for women.[9] However, it was not until 1928 that the women's long jump was added to the Olympic athletics programme.

Records

Jesse Owens set a long jump world record 8.13 m (26 ft 8 in) that was not broken for 25 years, until 1960 by Ralph Boston. At the 1968 Summer Olympics Bob Beamon jumped 8.90 m (29 ft 2+1⁄4 in) at an altitude of 7,349 feet (2,240 m), a jump not exceeded for 23 years, and which remains the second longest legal jump of all time. On August 30, 1991 Mike Powell of the United States set the current men's world record at the World Championships in Tokyo. It was in a well-known show down against Carl Lewis, who also beat Beamon's record that day but with an aiding wind (thus not legal for record purposes). Powell's record 8.95 m (29 ft 4+1⁄4 in) has now stood for over 22 years.

Some jumps over 8.95 m (29 ft 4+1⁄4 in) have been officially recorded. 8.99 m (29 ft 5+3⁄4 in) was recorded by Mike Powell himself (wind-aided +4.4) set at high altitude in Sestriere, Italy in 1992. A potential world record of 8.96 m (29 ft 4+3⁄4 in) was recorded by Iván Pedroso,[10] with a "legal" wind reading also at Sestriere, but the jump was not validated because videotape revealed someone was standing in front of the wind gauge, invalidating the reading (and costing Pedroso a Ferrari valued at $130,000—the prize for breaking the record at that meet).[11][12] Lewis himself jumped 8.91m moments before Powell's record-breaking jump with the wind exceeding the maximum allowed; this jump remains the longest ever to not win Olympic or World Championship gold medal, or any competition in general.

The current world record for women is held by Galina Chistyakova of the former Soviet Union who leapt 7.52 m (24 ft 8 in) in Leningrad on June 11, 1988, a mark that has stood for over 25 years.

Technique

Emmanuelle Chazal competes in the women's heptathlon long jump final during the French Athletics Championships 2013 at Stade Charléty in Paris, 13 July 2013.

There are five main components of the long jump: the approach run, the last two strides, takeoff, action in the air, and landing. Speed in the run-up, or approach, and a high leap off the board are the fundamentals of success. Because speed is such an important factor of the approach, it is not surprising that many long jumpers also compete successfully in sprints. A classic example of this long jump / sprint doubling are performances by Carl Lewis.

The approach

The objective of the approach is to gradually accelerate to a maximum controlled speed at takeoff. The most important factor for the distance traveled by an object is its velocity at takeoff – both the speed and angle. Elite jumpers usually leave the ground at an angle of twenty degrees or less; therefore, it is more beneficial for a jumper to focus on the speed component of the jump. The greater the speed at takeoff, the longer the trajectory of the center of mass will be. The importance of a takeoff speed is a factor in the success of sprinters in this event.

The length of the approach is usually consistent distance for an athlete. Approaches can vary between 12 and 19 strides on the novice and intermediate levels, while at the elite level they are closer to between 20 and 22 strides. The exact distance and number of strides in an approach depends on the jumper's experience, sprinting technique, and conditioning level. Consistency in the approach is important as it is the competitor's objective to get as close to the front of the takeoff board as possible without crossing the line with any part of the foot.

Inconsistent approaches are a common problem in the event. As a result the approach is usually practiced by athletes about 6–8 times per jumping session (see Training below).

The last two strides

The objective of the last two strides is to prepare the body for takeoff while conserving as much speed as possible.

The penultimate (second to last) stride is longer than the last stride. The competitor begins to lower his or her center of gravity to prepare the body for the vertical impulse. The final stride is shorter because the body is beginning to raise the center of gravity in preparation for takeoff.

The last two strides are extremely important because they determine the velocity with which the competitor will enter the jump; the greater the velocity, the better the jump.

Takeoff

The objective of the takeoff is to create a vertical impulse through the athlete's center of gravity while maintaining balance and control.

This phase is one of the most technical parts of the long jump. Jumpers must be conscious to place the foot flat on the ground, because jumping off either the heels or the toes negatively affects the jump. Taking off from the board heel-first has a braking effect, which decreases velocity and strains the joints. Jumping off the toes decreases stability, putting the leg at risk of buckling or collapsing from underneath the jumper. While concentrating on foot placement, the athlete must also work to maintain proper body position, keeping the torso upright and moving the hips forward and up to achieve the maximum distance from board contact to foot release.

There are four main styles of takeoff: the kick style, double-arm style, sprint takeoff, and the power sprint or bounding takeoff.

Kick

The kick style takeoff is a style of takeoff where the athlete actively cycles the leg before a full impulse has been directed into the board then landing into the pit. This requires great strength in the hamstrings. This causes the jumper to jump to large distances.

Double-arm

The double-arm style of takeoff works by moving both arms in a vertical direction as the competitor takes off. This produces a high hip height and a large vertical impulse.

Sprint

The sprint takeoff is the style most widely instructed by coaching staff. This is a classic single-arm action that resembles a jumper in full stride. It is an efficient takeoff style for maintaining velocity through takeoff.

Power sprint or bounding

The power sprint takeoff, or bounding takeoff, is arguably one of the most effective styles.[who?] Very similar to the sprint style, the body resembles a sprinter in full stride. However, there is one major difference. The arm that pushes back on takeoff (the arm on the side of the takeoff leg) fully extends backward, rather than remaining at a bent position. This additional extension increases the impulse at takeoff.

The "correct" style of takeoff will vary from athlete to athlete.

Multi-eventer Jessica Ennis during a long jump, preparing to land

Action in the air and landing

There are three major flight techniques for the long jump: the hang, the sail, and the hitch-kick. Each technique is to combat the forward rotation experienced from take-off but is basically down to preference from the athlete. It is important to note that once the body is airborne, there is nothing that the athlete can do to change the direction they are traveling and consequently where they are going to land in the pit. However, it can be argued that certain techniques influence an athlete's landing, which can have an impact on distance measured. For example, if an athlete lands feet first but falls back because they are not correctly balanced, a lower distance will be measured.

Training

The long jump generally requires training in a variety of areas. These areas include, but are not limited to, those listed below.

Jumping

Long Jumpers tend to practice jumping 1–2 times a week. Approaches, or run-throughs, are repeated sometimes up to 6–8 times per session.

Over-distance running

Over-distance running workouts helps the athlete jump a further distance than their set goal. For example, having a 100m runner practice by running 200m repeats on a track. This is specifically concentrated in the season when athletes are working on building endurance. Specific over-distance running workouts are performed 1–2 times a week. This is great for building sprint endurance, which is required in competitions where the athlete is sprinting down the runway 3–6 times.

Weight training

During pre-season training and early in the competition season weight training tends to play a major role in the sport. It is customary for a long jumper to weight train up to 4 times a week, focusing mainly on quick movements involving the legs and trunk. Some athletes perform Olympic lifts in training. Athletes use low repetition and emphasize speed to maximize the strength increase while minimizing adding additional weight to their frame.

Plyometrics

Plyometrics, including running up and down stairs and hurdle bounding, can be incorporated into workouts, generally twice a week. This allows an athlete to work on agility and explosiveness.

Bounding

Bounding is any sort of continuous jumping or leaping. Bounding drills usually require single leg bounding, double-leg bounding, or some variation of the two. The focus of bounding drills is usually to spend as little time on the ground as possible and working on technical accuracy, fluidity, and jumping endurance and strength. Technically, bounding is part of plyometrics, as a form of a running exercise such as high knees and butt kicks.

Flexibility

Flexibility is an often forgotten[citation needed] tool for long jumpers. Effective flexibility prevents injury, which can be important for high impact events such as the long jump. It also helps the athlete sprint down the runway.

A common tool in many long jump workouts is the use of video taping. This enables the athlete to go back and watch their own progress as well as letting the athlete compare their own footage to that of some of the world class jumpers.

Training styles, duration, and intensity varies immensely from athlete to athlete and is based on the experience and strength of the athlete as well as on their coaching style.

World record progression

Men

World record progression for the Long Jump (men).

The first world record in the men's long jump was recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1912.[13] The inaugural record was Peter O'Connor's 7.61 m (24 ft 11+1⁄2 in) leap from 1901. To date O'Connor, Jesse Owens, Bob Beamon and Mike Powell have each held the world record for over 20 years. In that same time, there has been barely 20 years when one of those four men have not held the world record. Note: the current women's world record is three years older than the current men's world record.

As of June 21, 2011, 18 world records have been ratified by the IAAF in the event.[13]

Mark Wind Athlete Venue Date
7.61 m (24 ft 11+1⁄2 in)  Peter O'Connor (IRL)* Dublin 1901-08-05[13]
7.69 m (25 ft 2+3⁄4 in)  Edward Gourdin (USA) Cambridge 1923-07-23[13]
7.76 m (25 ft 5+1⁄2 in)  Robert LeGendre (USA) Paris 1924-07-07[13]
7.89 m (25 ft 10+1⁄2 in)  DeHart Hubbard (USA) Chicago 1925-06-13[13]
7.90 m (25 ft 11 in)  Edward Hamm (USA) Cambridge 1928-07-07[13]
7.93 m (26 ft 0 in) 0.0 m/s  Sylvio Cator (HAI) Paris 1928-09-09[13]
7.98 m (26 ft 2 in) 0.5 m/s  Chuhei Nambu (JPN) Tokyo 1931-10-27[13]
8.13m (26' 8 1/4" in) 1.5 m/s  Jesse Owens (USA) Ann Arbor 1935-05-25[13]
8.21 m (26 ft 11 in) 0.0 m/s  Ralph Boston (USA) Walnut 1960-08-12[13]
8.24 m (27 ft 1⁄4 in) 1.8 m/s  Ralph Boston (USA) Modesto 1961-05-27[13]
8.28 m (27 ft 1+3⁄4 in) 1.2 m/s  Ralph Boston (USA) Moscow 1961-07-16[13]
8.31 m (27 ft 3 in) -0.1 m/s  Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Yerevan 1962-06-10[13]
8.31 m (27 ft 3 in) 0.0 m/s  Ralph Boston (USA) Kingston 1964-08-15[13]
8.34 m (27 ft 4+1⁄4 in) 1.0 m/s  Ralph Boston (USA) Los Angeles 1964-09-12[13]
8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 0.0 m/s  Ralph Boston (USA) Modesto 1965-05-29[13]
8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in) A 0.0 m/s  Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Mexico City 1967-10-19[13]
8.90 m (29 ft 2+1⁄4 in) A 2.0 m/s  Bob Beamon (USA) Mexico City 1968-10-18[13]
8.95 m (29 ft 4+1⁄4 in) 0.3 m/s  Mike Powell (USA) Tokyo 1991-08-30[13]

*Ireland in 1901 was still part of the United Kingdom; however O'Connor considered himself Irish and was competing on this occasion as a member of the Irish Amateur Athletic Association. In the source above he is listed as "GBI/IRL".

  • On July 24, 1960  Manfred Steinbach (FRG) jumped 8.14 m but with no wind-reading.[14]
  • On May 25, 1963,  Phil Shinnick (USA) jumped 27'4" at the Modesto Relays, but the wind gauge was only being used to record jumps by Ralph Boston as he was the only competitor thought to be capable of a record.[15][16]
  • On July 29, 1995  Iván Pedroso (CUB) jumped 8.96 m but the validity of the wind-reading was disputed.[17]

Women

The first world record in the women's long jump was recognized by the Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale (FSFI) in 1922.[18] The FSFI was absorbed by the International Association of Athletics Federations in 1936.

As of June 21, 2011, the IAAF (and the FSFI before it) have ratified 36 world records in the event.[18]

Mark Wind Athlete Venue Date
5.16 m (16 ft 11 in)  Marie Mejzlikova II (TCH) Prague 1922-08-06[18]
5.30 m (17 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Marie Mejzlikova II (TCH) Prague 1923-09-23[18]
5.485 m (17 ft 11+3⁄4 in)  Muriel Gunn (GBR) London 1926-08-02[18]
  5.50 m (18 ft 1⁄2 in)   Kinue Hitomi (JPN)  Gothenburg, Sweden  28 August 1926[18]
  5.57 m (18 ft 3+1⁄4 in)   Muriel Gunn (GBR)  London, United Kingdom  1 August 1927[18]
  5.98 m (19 ft 7+1⁄4 in)   Kinue Hitomi (JPN)  Osaka, Japan  20 May 1928[18]
  6.12 m (20 ft 3⁄4 in)   Christel Schultz (GER)  Berlin, Nazi Germany  30 July 1939[18]
  6.25 m (20 ft 6 in)   Francina Blankers-Koen (NED)  Leiden, Netherlands  19 September 1943[18]
  6.28 m (20 ft 7 in) 0.2   Yvette Williams (NZL)  Gisborne, New Zealand  20 February 1954[18]
  6.28 m (20 ft 7 in) 1.3   Galina Vinogradova (URS)  Moscow, Soviet Union  11 September 1955[18]
  6.31 m (20 ft 8+1⁄4 in) 0.5   Galina Vinogradova (URS)  Tbilisi, Soviet Union  18 November 1955[18]
  6.35 m (20 ft 10 in) 1.0   Elżbieta Krzesińska (POL)  Budapest, Hungary  20 August 1956[18]
  6.35 m (20 ft 10 in)   Elżbieta Krzesińska (POL)  Melbourne, Australia  27 November 1956[18]
  6.40 m (20 ft 11+3⁄4 in) 0.0   Hildrun Claus (GDR)  Erfurt, East Germany  7 August 1960[18]
  6.42 m (21 ft 3⁄4 in) 1.4   Hildrun Claus (GDR)  East Berlin, East Germany  23 June 1961[18]
  6.48 m (21 ft 3 in) -1.5   Tatyana Shchelkanova (URS)  Moscow, Soviet Union  16 July 1961[18]
  6.53 m (21 ft 5 in) 1.5   Tatyana Shchelkanova (URS)  Leipzig, East Germany  10 June 1962[18]
  6.70 m (21 ft 11+3⁄4 in)   Tatyana Shchelkanova (URS)  Moscow, Soviet Union  4 July 1964[18]
  6.76 m (22 ft 2 in) -1.6   Mary Rand (GBR)  Tokyo, Japan  14 October 1964[18]
  6.82 m (22 ft 4+1⁄2 in) A 0.0   Viorica Viscopoleanu (ROU)  Mexico City, Mexico  14 October 1968[18]
  6.84 m (22 ft 5+1⁄4 in) 0.0   Heide Rosendahl (DEU)  Torino, Italy  3 September 1970[18]
  6.92 m (22 ft 8+1⁄4 in) 1.6   Angela Voigt (GDR)  Dresden, East Germany  9 May 1976[18]
  6.99 m (22 ft 11 in) 2.0   Siegrun Siegl (GDR)  Dresden, East Germany  19 May 1976[18]
  7.07 m (23 ft 2+1⁄4 in) 1.9   Vilma Bardauskiené (URS)  Kishinyov, Soviet Union  18 August 1978[18]
  7.09 m (23 ft 3 in) 0.0   Vilma Bardauskiené (URS)  Prague, Czechoslovakia  29 August 1978[18]
  7.15 m (23 ft 5+1⁄4 in) 0.3   Anişoara Cuşmir (ROU)  Bucharest, Romania  1 August 1982[18]
  7.20 m (23 ft 7+1⁄4 in) -0.3   Valy Ionescu (ROU)  Bucharest, Romania  1 August 1982[18]
  7.21 m (23 ft 7+3⁄4 in) 0.6   Anişoara Cuşmir (ROU)  Bucharest, Romania  15 May 1983[18]
  7.27 m (23 ft 10 in) 0.6   Anişoara Cuşmir (ROU)  Bucharest, Romania  4 June 1983[18]
  7.43 m (24 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 1.4   Anişoara Cuşmir (ROU)  Bucharest, Romania  4 June 1983[18]
  7.44 m (24 ft 4+3⁄4 in) 2.0   Heike Drechsler (GDR)  East Berlin, East Germany  22 September 1985[18]
  7.45 m (24 ft 5+1⁄4 in) 0.9   Heike Drechsler (GDR)  Tallinn, Soviet Union  21 June 1986[18]
  7.45 m (24 ft 5+1⁄4 in) 1.1   Heike Drechsler (GDR)  Dresden, East Germany  3 July 1986[18]
  7.45 m (24 ft 5+1⁄4 in) 0.6   Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA)  Indianapolis, United States  13 August 1987[18]
  7.45 m (24 ft 5+1⁄4 in) 1.0   Galina Chistyakova (URS)  Leningrad, Soviet Union  11 June 1988[18]
  7.52 m (24 ft 8 in) 1.4   Galina Chistyakova (URS)  Leningrad, Soviet Union  11 June 1988[18]


Source:[19]

Top ten performers

Accurate as of September 2, 2009.

Men

Mark Wind* Athlete Nationality Venue Date
8.95 m (29 ft 4+1⁄4 in) 0.3 Mike Powell  United States Tokyo August 30, 1991
8.90 m (29 ft 2+1⁄4 in) A 2.0 Bob Beamon  United States Mexico City October 18, 1968
8.87 m (29 ft 1 in) −0.2 Carl Lewis  United States Tokyo August 30, 1991
8.86 m (29 ft 3⁄4 in) A 1.9 Robert Emmiyan  Soviet Union Tsakhkadzor May 22, 1987
8.74 m (28 ft 8 in) 1.4 Larry Myricks  United States Indianapolis July 18, 1988
8.74 m (28 ft 8 in) A 2.0 Erick Walder  United States El Paso April 2, 1994
8.74 m (28 ft 8 in) −1.2 Dwight Phillips  United States Eugene June 7, 2009
8.73 m (28 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 1.2 Irving Saladino  Panama Hengelo May 24, 2008
8.71 m (28 ft 6+3⁄4 in) 1.9 Iván Pedroso  Cuba Salamanca July 18, 1995
8.66 m (28 ft 4+3⁄4 in) 1.6 Loúis Tsátoumas  Greece Kalamáta June 2, 2007

* meters/second
A = Altitude (above 1000 metres)
Source:[20]

Women

Mark Wind* Athlete Nationality Venue Date
7.52 m (24 ft 8 in) 1.4 Galina Chistyakova  Soviet Union Leningrad June 11, 1988
7.49 m (24 ft 6+3⁄4 in) 1.3 Jackie Joyner-Kersee  United States New York May 22, 1994
7.48 m (24 ft 6+1⁄4 in) 1.2 Heike Drechsler  East Germany Neubrandenburg July 9, 1988
7.43 m (24 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 1.4 Anişoara Cuşmir  Romania Bucharest June 4, 1983
7.42 m (24 ft 4 in) 2.0 Tatyana Kotova  Russia Annecy June 23, 2002
7.39 m (24 ft 2+3⁄4 in) 0.5 Yelena Belevskaya  Soviet Union Bryansk July 18, 1987
7.37 m (24 ft 2 in) N/A Inessa Kravets  Ukraine Kiev June 13, 1992
7.33 m (24 ft 1⁄2 in) 0.4 Tatyana Lebedeva  Russia Tula July 31, 2004
7.31 m (23 ft 11+3⁄4 in) 1.5 Olena Khlopotnova  Soviet Union Alma Ata September 12, 1985
7.31 m (23 ft 11+3⁄4 in) −0.1 Marion Jones  United States Zürich August 12, 1998

* meters/second
Source:[21]

Best year performances

Men's outdoor

Year Distance Athlete Place
1960 8.21 m (26 ft 11 in)  Ralph Boston (USA) Walnut
1961 8.28 m (27 ft 1+3⁄4 in)  Ralph Boston (USA) Moscow
1962 8.31 m (27 ft 3 in)  Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Yerevan
1963 8.20m (26 ft 11 in)[15]  Ralph Boston (USA) Modesto
1964 8.34 m (27 ft 4+1⁄4 in)[22]  Ralph Boston (USA) Los Angeles
1965 8.35m (27 ft 5 in)[23]  Ralph Boston (USA) Modesto
1966 8.23 m (27 ft 0 in)  Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Leselidze
1967 8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS) Mexico City
1968 8.90 m (29 ft 2+1⁄4 in)  Bob Beamon (USA) Mexico City
1969 8.21 m (26 ft 11 in)  Igor Ter-Ovanesyan (URS)
 Waldemar Stępień (POL) 		Odessa
Chorzów
1970 8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Josef Schwarz (FRG) Stuttgart
1971 8.21 m (26 ft 11 in)  Norman Tate (USA) El Paso
1972 8.23 m (27 ft 0 in)  Randy Williams (USA) Munich
1973 8.35m (27 ft 1/2 in)[24]  James McAlister (USA) Westwood
1974 8.30 m (27 ft 2+3⁄4 in)  Arnie Robinson (USA) Modesto
1975 8.45 m (27 ft 8+1⁄2 in)  Nenad Stekić (YUG) Montreal
1976 8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Arnie Robinson (USA) Montreal
1977 8.27 m (27 ft 1+1⁄2 in)  Nenad Stekić (YUG) Nova Gorica
1978 8.32 m (27 ft 3+1⁄2 in)  Nenad Stekić (YUG) Rovereto
1979 8.52 m (27 ft 11+1⁄4 in)  Larry Myricks (USA) Montreal
1980 8.54 m (28 ft 0 in)  Lutz Dombrowski (GDR) Moscow
1981 8.62 m (28 ft 3+1⁄4 in)  Carl Lewis (USA) Sacramento
1982 8.76 m (28 ft 8+3⁄4 in)  Carl Lewis (USA) Indianapolis
1983 8.79 m (28 ft 10 in)  Carl Lewis (USA) Indianapolis
1984 8.71 m (28 ft 6+3⁄4 in)  Carl Lewis (USA) Westwood
1985 8.62 m (28 ft 3+1⁄4 in)  Carl Lewis (USA) Brussels
1986 8.61 m (28 ft 2+3⁄4 in)  Robert Emmiyan (URS) Moscow
1987 8.86 m (29 ft 3⁄4 in)  Robert Emmiyan (URS) Tsakhkadzor
1988 8.76 m (28 ft 8+3⁄4 in)  Carl Lewis (USA) Indianapolis
1989 8.70 m (28 ft 6+1⁄2 in)  Larry Myricks (USA) Houston
1990 8.66 m (28 ft 4+3⁄4 in)  Mike Powell (USA) Villeneuve d'Ascq
1991 8.95 m (29 ft 4+1⁄4 in)  Mike Powell (USA) Tokyo
1992 8.68 m (28 ft 5+1⁄2 in)  Carl Lewis (USA) Barcelona
1993 8.70 m (28 ft 6+1⁄2 in)  Mike Powell (USA) Salamanca
1994 '8.74 m (28 ft 8 in)  Erick Walder (USA) El Paso
1995 8.71 m (28 ft 6+3⁄4 in)  Iván Pedroso (CUB) Salamanca
1996 8.58 m (28 ft 1+3⁄4 in)  Erick Walder (USA) Springfield
1997 8.63 m (28 ft 3+3⁄4 in)  Iván Pedroso (CUB) Padua
1998 8.60 m (28 ft 2+1⁄2 in)  James Beckford (JAM) Bad Langensalza
1999 8.60 m (28 ft 2+1⁄2 in)  Iván Pedroso (CUB) Padua
2000 8.65 m (28 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Iván Pedroso (CUB) Jena
2001 8.41 m (27 ft 7 in)  James Beckford (JAM) Turin
2002 8.52 m (27 ft 11+1⁄4 in)  Savanté Stringfellow (USA) Palo Alto
2003 8.53 m (27 ft 11+3⁄4 in)  Yago Lamela (ESP) Castellón de la Plana
2004 8.60 m (28 ft 2+1⁄2 in)  Dwight Phillips (USA) Linz
2005 '8.60 m (28 ft 2+1⁄2 in)  Dwight Phillips (USA) Helsinki
2006 8.56 m (28 ft 1 in)  Irving Saladino (PAN) Rio de Janeiro
2007 8.66 m (28 ft 4+3⁄4 in)  Louis Tsatoumas (GRE) Kalamáta
2008 8.73 m (28 ft 7+1⁄2 in)  Irving Saladino (PAN) Hengelo
2009 8.74 m (28 ft 8 in)  Dwight Phillips (USA) Eugene
2010 8.47 m (27 ft 9+1⁄4 in)  Christian Reif (GER) Barcelona
2011 8.54 m (28 ft 0 in)  Mitchell Watt (AUS) Stockholm
2012 8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Greg Rutherford (GBR) Chula Vista
2012 8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Sergey Morgunov (RUS) Cheboksary

Women's outdoor

Year Distance Athlete Place
1976 6.99 m (22 ft 11 in)  Siegrun Siegl (GDR) Dresden
1978 7.09 m (23 ft 3 in)  Vilma Bardauskienė (URS) Prague
1979 6.90 m (22 ft 7+1⁄2 in)  Brigitte Wujak (GDR) Potsdam
1980 7.06 m (23 ft 1+3⁄4 in)  Tatyana Kolpakova (URS) Moscow
1981 6.96 m (22 ft 10 in)  Jodi Anderson (USA) Colorado Springs
1982 7.20 m (23 ft 7+1⁄4 in)  Valy Ionescu (ROU) Bucharest
1983 7.43 m (24 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Anisoara Cusmir (ROU) Bucharest
1984 7.40 m (24 ft 3+1⁄4 in)  Heike Drechsler (GDR) Dresden
1985 7.44 m (24 ft 4+3⁄4 in)  Heike Drechsler (GDR) Berlin
1986 7.45 m (24 ft 5+1⁄4 in)  Heike Drechsler (GDR) Tallinn
1987 7.45 m (24 ft 5+1⁄4 in)  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Indianapolis
1988 7.52 m (24 ft 8 in)  Galina Chistyakova (URS) Leningrad
1989 7.24 m (23 ft 9 in)  Galina Chistyakova (URS) Volgograd
1990 7.35 m (24 ft 1+1⁄4 in)  Galina Chistyakova (URS) Bratislava
1991 7.37 m (24 ft 2 in)  Heike Drechsler (GER) Sestriere
1992 7.48 m (24 ft 6+1⁄4 in)  Heike Drechsler (GER) Lausanne
1993 7.21 m (23 ft 7+3⁄4 in)  Heike Drechsler (GER) Zürich
1994 7.49 m (24 ft 6+3⁄4 in)  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) New York City
1995 7.07 m (23 ft 2+1⁄4 in)  Heike Drechsler (GER) Linz
1996 7.12 m (23 ft 4+1⁄4 in)  Chioma Ajunwa (NGA) Atlanta
1997 7.05 m (23 ft 1+1⁄2 in)  Lyudmila Galkina (RUS) Athens
1998 7.31 m (23 ft 11+3⁄4 in)  Marion Jones (USA) Eugene
1999 7.26 m (23 ft 9+3⁄4 in)  Maurren Higa Maggi (BRA) Bogotá
2000 7.09 m (23 ft 3 in)  Fiona May (ITA) Rio de Janeiro
2001 7.12 m (23 ft 4+1⁄4 in)  Tatyana Kotova (RUS) Turin
2002 7.42 m (24 ft 4 in)  Tatyana Kotova (RUS) Annecy
2003 7.06 m (23 ft 1+3⁄4 in)  Maurren Higa Maggi (BRA) Milan
2004 7.33 m (24 ft 1⁄2 in)  Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) Tula
2005 7.04 m (23 ft 1 in)  Irina Simagina (RUS) Sochi
2006 7.12 m (23 ft 4+1⁄4 in)  Tatyana Kotova (RUS) Novosibirsk
2007 7.21 m (23 ft 7+3⁄4 in)  Lyudmila Kolchanova (RUS) Sochi
2008 7.12 m (23 ft 4+1⁄4 in)  Naide Gomes (POR) Monaco
2009 7.10 m (23 ft 3+1⁄2 in)  Brittney Reese (USA) Berlin
2010 7.13 m (23 ft 4+1⁄2 in)  Olga Kucherenko (RUS) Sochi
2011 7.19 m (23 ft 7 in)  Brittney Reese (USA) Eugene
2012 7.15 m (23 ft 5+1⁄4 in)  Brittney Reese (USA) Eugene

National records

  • As of August 2013.

Men

Nation Distance Athlete Venue Date Ref
 United States 8.95 m (29 ft 4+1⁄4 in) Mike Powell Tokyo 1991-08-30
 Soviet Union/
 Armenia		 8.86 m (29 ft 3⁄4 in) Robert Emmiyan Tsakhkadzor 1987-05-22
 Panama 8.73 m (28 ft 7+1⁄2 in) Irving Saladino Hengelo 2008-05-24
 Cuba 8.71 m (28 ft 6+3⁄4 in) Iván Pedroso Salamanca 1995-07-18
 Greece 8.66 m (28 ft 4+3⁄4 in) Louis Tsatoumas Kalamata 2007-06-02
 Jamaica 8.62 m (28 ft 3+1⁄4 in) James Beckford Orlando 1997-04-05
 Spain 8.56 m (28 ft 1 in) Yago Lamela Turin 1999-06-24
 Russia 8.56 m (28 ft 1 in) Aleksandr Menkov Moscow 16 August 2013 [25]
 East Germany/
 Germany		 8.54 m (28 ft 0 in) Lutz Dombrowski Moscow 1980-07-28
 Australia 8.54 m (28 ft 0 in) Mitchell Watt Stockholm 2011-07-29
 South Africa 8.50 m (27 ft 10+1⁄2 in) Godfrey Mokoena Madrid 2009-07-04
 Saudi Arabia 8.48 m (27 ft 9+3⁄4 in) Mohamed Salman Al-Khuwalidi Sotteville-lès-Rouen 2006-07-02
 Italy 8.47 m (27 ft 9+1⁄4 in) Andrew Howe Osaka 2007-08-30
 Mexico 8.46 m (27 ft 9 in) Luis Rivera Kazan 2013-07-12 [26] [27]
 Senegal 8.46 m (27 ft 9 in) Cheikh Tidiane Touré Bad Langensalza 1997-06-15
 Yugoslavia/
 Serbia		 8.45 m (27 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Nenad Stekić Montreal 1975-07-25
 Ghana 8.43 m (27 ft 7+3⁄4 in) Ignisious Gaisah Rome 2006-07-14
 France 8.42 m (27 ft 7+1⁄4 in) Salim Sdiri Pierre-Bénite 2009-06-12
 Bahamas 8.41 m (27 ft 7 in) Craig Hepburn Nassau 1993-06-17
 Zimbabwe 8.40 m (27 ft 6+1⁄2 in) Ngonidzashe Makusha Des Moines 2011-06-09
 Brazil 8.40 m (27 ft 6+1⁄2 in) Douglas de Souza São Paulo 1995-02-15
 Slovenia 8.40 m (27 ft 6+1⁄2 in) Gregor Cankar Celje 1997-05-18
 People's Republic of China 8.40 m (27 ft 6+1⁄2 in) Lao Jianfeng Zhaoqing 1997-05-28
 Morocco 8.40 m (27 ft 6+1⁄2 in) Yahya Berrabah Beyrouth 2009-10-02
 Romania 8.37 m (27 ft 5+1⁄2 in) Bogdan Tudor Bad Cannstatt 1995-07-09
 Portugal 8.36 m (27 ft 5 in) Carlos Calado Lisbon 1997-06-20
 Ukraine 8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in) Sergey Layevskiy Dnepropetrovsk 1988-07-16
Roman Shchurenko Kiev 2000-07-25
 United Kingdom 8.35 m (27 ft 4+1⁄2 in) Christopher Tomlinson Paris 2011-07-08
 Taiwan 8.34 m (27 ft 4+1⁄4 in) Nai Huei-Fang Shanghai 1993-05-14
 Venezuela 8.34 m (27 ft 4+1⁄4 in) Victor Castillo Cochabamba 2004-05-30
 Bulgaria 8.33 m (27 ft 3+3⁄4 in) Ivaylo Mladenov Seville 1995-06-03
 Belarus 8.33 m (27 ft 3+3⁄4 in) Aleksandr Glovatskiy Sestriere 1996-08-07
 Egypt 8.31 m (27 ft 3 in) Hassine Hatem Moursal Oslo 1999-06-30
 Hungary 8.30 m (27 ft 2+3⁄4 in) László Szalma Budapest 1985-07-07
 Austria 8.30 m (27 ft 2+3⁄4 in) Andreas Steiner Innsbruck 1988-06-04
 Netherlands 8.29 m (27 ft 2+1⁄4 in) Ignisious Gaisah Moscow 2013-08-16
 Mauritius 8.28 m (27 ft 1+3⁄4 in) Jonathan Chimier Athens 2004-08-24
 Poland 8.28 m (27 ft 1+3⁄4 in) Grzegorz Marciniszyn Mals 2001-07-14
 Nigeria 8.27 m (27 ft 1+1⁄2 in) Yussuf Alli Lagos 1989-08-08
 Botswana 8.27 m (27 ft 1+1⁄2 in) Gable Garenamotse Rhede 2006-08-20
 Algeria 8.26 m (27 ft 1 in) Issam Nima Zaragoza 2007-07-28
 Czech Republic 8.25 m (27 ft 3⁄4 in) Milan Mikuláš Prague 1988-07-16
 Republic of Moldova 8.25 m (27 ft 3⁄4 in) Sergey Podgainiy Chisinau 1990-08-18
 Japan 8.25 m (27 ft 3⁄4 in) Masaki Morinaga[28] Shizuoka 1992-05-05
 Belgium 8.25 m (27 ft 3⁄4 in) Erik Nys Hechtel 1996-07-06
 Denmark 8.25 m (27 ft 3⁄4 in) Morten Jensen Gothenburg 2005-07-03
 Namibia 8.24 m (27 ft 1⁄4 in) Stephan Louw Germiston 2008-01-12
 Croatia 8.23 m (27 ft 0 in) Siniša Ergotić Zagreb 2002-06-05
 Sweden 8.22 m (26 ft 11+1⁄2 in) Michel Tornéus Kuortane 2012-07-22
 Bermuda 8.22 m (26 ft 11+1⁄2 in) Tyrone Smith Mayagüez 2010-07-26
 Finland 8.22 m (26 ft 11+1⁄2 in) Tommi Evilä Gothenburg 2008-06-28
 Korea 8.20 m (26 ft 10+3⁄4 in) Kim Deok Hyeon Belgrade 2009-07-12
 Canada 8.20 m (26 ft 10+3⁄4 in) Edrick Floreal Sherbrooke 1991-07-20
 Kazakhstan 8.16 m (26 ft 9+1⁄4 in) Sergey Vasilenko Alma Ata 1988-06-18
 Qatar 8.13 m (26 ft 8 in) Abdulrahman Faraj Al-Nubi Manila 2003-09-21
 Estonia 8.10 m (26 ft 6+3⁄4 in) Erki Nool Götzis 1995-05-27
 Peru 8.10 m (26 ft 6+3⁄4 in) Jorge McFarlane Sucre 2009-11-23
 Uzbekistan 8.10 m (26 ft 6+3⁄4 in) Aleksandr Pototskiy Bryansk 1992-06-04
 India 8.09 m (26 ft 6+1⁄2 in) Kumaravel Prem Kumar New Delhi 5 August 2013 [29]
 Turkey 8.08 m (26 ft 6 in) Mesut Yavaş Istanbul 2000-06-24
 New Zealand 8.05 m (26 ft 4+3⁄4 in) Bob Thomas Whangarei 1968-01-20
 Latvia 8.05 m (26 ft 4+3⁄4 in) Juris Tone Moscow 1983-06-21
 Thailand 8.04 m (26 ft 4+1⁄2 in) Supanara Sukhasvasti Banglore 2010-06-05
 Norway 8.02 m (26 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Kristen Fløgstad Bislett 1973-08-04
 Philippines 7.99 m (26 ft 2+1⁄2 in) Henry Dagmil Eagle Rock 2008-06-07 [30]
 Israel 7.99 m (26 ft 2+1⁄2 in) Yochai Halevi Tel Aviv 2010-05-15
 Viet Nam 7.90 m (25 ft 11 in) Nguyen Ngoc Quan Hanoi 1997-05-02
 Malaysia 7.88 m (25 ft 10 in) Josbert Tinus Bangkok 2007-10-05
 Indonesia 7.85 m (25 ft 9 in) Agus Reza Irawan Jakarta 1995-09-21
 United Arab Emirates 7.79 m (25 ft 6+1⁄2 in) Mousbeh Ali Said Latakia 1992-09-06
 Singapore 7.62 m (25 ft 0 in) Matthew Goh Yujie Vientiane 2009-12-05
 Bahrain 7.47 m (24 ft 6 in) Mohamed Imam Bakhash Manama 2003-10-16
 Lebanon 7.43 m (24 ft 4+1⁄2 in) Marc Habib Lebanon 2004-07-22
 Jersey 7.21 m (23 ft 7+3⁄4 in) Ross Jeffs Jersey 2012-07-01
 Laos 7.20 m (23 ft 7+1⁄4 in) Phouphet Singbandith Norwalk 1990-05-07
 Afghanistan 7.05 m (23 ft 1+1⁄2 in) Mohammed Anwar Kabul 1940
 Brunei 7.04 m (23 ft 1 in) Daniel Chung Kota Kinabalu 1993-08-07

On coinage

File:2003 Greece 10 Euro OS Long Jump front.jpg
Long Jump commemorative coin

Track and field events have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the €10 Greek Long Jump commemorative coin, minted in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics. The obverse of the coin portrays a modern athlete at the moment he is touching the ground, while the ancient athlete in the background is shown while starting off his jump, as he is seen on a black-figure vase of the 5th century BC.

See also

References

  1. ^ "USATF – 2006 Competition Rules". USA Track & Field. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
  2. ^ a b c Swaddling, Judith. The Ancient Olympic Games. University of Texas Pres. ISBN 0292777515.
  3. ^ Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.66)
  4. ^ Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.66
  5. ^ Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004 p.66
  6. ^ Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.67
  7. ^ "Ancient Origins". The Times/The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
  8. ^ Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.68
  9. ^ Tricard, Louise Mead (1996-07-01). American Women's Track & Field: A History, 1895 Through 1980. McFarland & Company. pp. 60–61. ISBN 0-7864-0219-9.
  10. ^ 100 Metres – men – senior – outdoor. iaaf.org. Retrieved on 2013-04-20.
  11. ^ Pedroso may lose record. The Victoria Advocate (August 4, 1995).
  12. ^ Athlete profile for Iván Pedroso. Iaaf.org (1972-12-17). Retrieved on 2013-04-20.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "IAAF World Championships: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Daegu 2011". Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2011. pp. Pages 595, 605. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  14. ^ Marty Post (25 August 2011). "After 51 years, Owens' longevity record finally falls". IAAF. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  15. ^ a b http://onceuponatimeinthevest.blogspot.com/2013/03/june-1963-and-new-440-wr-by-adolph.html Note: This article indicates they were measuring in Imperial at Modesto in 1963 (and probably most other years in this era). Particularly notable is that this measurement under windy conditions is likely the best wind legal, but not even the winning jump of the competition (Phil Shinnick 27'4") or Boston's best jump that day
  16. ^ http://www.counterpunch.org/2004/03/06/the-blackballing-of-phil-shinnick/
  17. ^ Ian Thomsen (4 August 1995). "Long Jump Record Unlikely to Be Ratified". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al "IAAF World Championships: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Daegu 2011". Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2011. pp. Pages 595, 700. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  19. ^ The Athletics Site: world record progression. Athletix.org (2012-09-09). Retrieved on 2013-04-20.
  20. ^ Long Jump All Time Men iaaf.org
  21. ^ Long Jump All Time Women iaaf.org
  22. ^ http://www.usatf.org/usatf/files/69/695a8112-b7a0-4b9d-9dbb-8b4bca22677c.pdf Note: Olympic Trials measured metrically. Also did 8.49w that day
  23. ^ http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/discussion/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=50405 Note: Measured in Imperial
  24. ^ http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/discussion/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=29034 measured imperial
  25. ^ "Long Jump Series Result - 14th IAAF World Championships". IAAF. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  26. ^ "27th Summer Universiade in Kazan, July 6-17 2013 - Luis Alberto Rivera". kazan2013.ru. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  27. ^ "Luis Rivera es el número uno del ranking mundial". mediotiempo.com. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  28. ^ National Records. JAAF
  29. ^ Jonathan Selvaraj (6 August 2013). "Premkumar jumps 8.09 m, breaks nine-year-old long jump mark". The Indian Express. Retrieved 8 August 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ 2008 SCA Jim Bush Championships. Scausatf.org (2008-06-07). Retrieved on 2013-04-20.

Further reading

  • Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.
  • Guthrie, Mark (2003). Coach Track & Field Successfully. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. pp. 149–155. ISBN 0-7360-4274-1.
  • Rogers, Joseph L. (2000). USA Track & Field Coaching Manual. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. pp. 141–157. ISBN 0-88011-604-8.
  • Ernie Gregoire, Larry Myricks (1991). World Class Track & Field Series: Long Jump (VHS). Ames, IA: Championship Books & Video Productions.
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