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{{POV|date=March 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox University
{{Infobox University
|name = Pantheon-Sorbonne University
|name = Pantheon-Sorbonne University
|native_name = Université Panthéon-Sorbonne
|native_name = Université Panthéon-Sorbonne
|image_name = Uparis1.png
|image_name = Logo-univ-paris1.fr.png
|image_size = 250px
|image_size = 250px
|motto = ''Omnibus Sapientia, Unicuique Excellentia'' ([[Latin]])
|motto = ''Omnibus Sapientia, Unicuique Excellentia'' ([[Latin]])
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|established = 1971
|established = 1971
|staff = 2,770
|staff = 2,770
|president = Philippe Boutry
|chancellor = Philippe Boutry
|vice_chancellor =
|vice_chancellor =
|city = Paris
|city = Paris
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|postgrad =
|postgrad =
|colours = {{color box|#4682b4}} Blue<br />{{color box|white}} White<br />{{color box|gold}} Gold
|colours = {{color box|#4682b4}} Blue<br />{{color box|white}} White<br />{{color box|gold}} Gold
|budget = €117 million (2009) <ref>[http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid48970/universite-paris-i.html Paris 1 University — Budget in 2009]</ref>
|Budget = €117 million (2009)<ref>[http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid48970/universite-paris-i.html Paris University — Budget in 2009]</ref>
|type = [[public university|Public]]
|type = [[public university|Public]]
|affiliations = [[University of Paris#Seven alliances of universities|Hautes Études-Sorbonne-Arts et Métiers]], [http://www.sorbonne.fr/en/ Chancellerie des Universités de Paris], [[Europaeum]]
|affiliations = [[University of Paris]], [[Europaeum]]
|website = [http://www.univ-paris1.fr www.univ-paris1.fr]
|website = [http://www.univ-paris1.fr www.univ-paris1.fr]
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Paris
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Paris
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}}
}}


'''Pantheon-Sorbonne University''' ({{lang-fr|Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne|links=no}}), also known as "'''Paris I'''", is a [[Public university|public]] research university in [[Paris]], [[France]]. It is multidisciplinary and focuses on economics, law, cinema, plastic arts, philosophy, political and social sciences.<ref>[http://www.univ-paris1.fr/ws/ws.php?_cmd=getAllFormations&_redirect=voir_liste_diplome&_debut=0&_pas=1000000&__domaine=&__mention=&__composante=&__master=&__langue=&__diplome_1=TI-l1&__diplome_2=TI-l2&__diplome_3=TI-li&__rythme=&__1=__domaine&__2=AND&__3=__mention&__4=AND&__5=__composante&__6=AND&__7=__master&__8=AND&__9=__langue&__10=AND&__11=__diplome_1&__12=OR&__13=__diplome_2&__14=OR&__15=__diplome_3&__16=AND&__17=__rythme List of undergraduate programs]</ref> It is a member of the [[University of Paris#Seven alliances of universities|alliance]] called ''Hautes Études-Sorbonne-Arts et Métiers''.
'''Pantheon-Sorbonne University'''<ref>as the university refers to itself in English in its website http://www.univ-paris1.fr/international/pantheon-sorbonne-university/</ref> ({{lang-fr|Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne|links=no}}), also known as "'''La Sorbonne'''" and "'''Paris I'''", is a [[Public university|public]] research university in [[Paris]], [[France]]. It focuses on the areas of law, humanities, political science, social sciences, economics, logic and finance.<ref>[http://www.arwu.org/Country2009Main.jsp?param=France], Academic ranking of world universities, France.</ref><ref>[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://enseignement.nouvelobs.com/article.html?id=345864%26mag=obs&title=Nouvel%20Obs], Le Nouvel Observateur Etudiants Number 6, Spécial « Pépites de la fac ».</ref> It is the main inheritor of the world's second oldest academic institution, the [[University of Paris]], shortly before the latter officially ceased to exist on December 31, 1970, as a consequence of the [[May 1968 events in France|French cultural revolution of 1968]], often referred to as "the French May".

A major pole of research and learning, Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne is one of the most prestigious universities in France and the best institution in its main domains (it is first in France in Economics, Econometrics, Finance, Law, Politics, History, Philosophy). It was rated by the 2014 QS World University Ranking 13th in [[History]] and [[Archaeology]] (1st in France), 22nd in [[Philosophy]] (1st in France), 27th in [[Law]] (1st in France), 43rd in [[Geography]] and [[Area Studies]] (1st in France), 44th in [[Economics]] and [[Econometrics]] (1st in France), 51-100th in [[Accounting]] and [[Finance]] (1st in France), 51-100th in [[Politics]] and [[International Studies]] (2nd in France), 51-100th in [[Modern Languages]] (2nd in France), and 151-200th in [[Statistics]] and [[Operational Research]] (4th in France).<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings QS World University Rankings 2014 – Subject Rankings]. Top Universities (1 March 2014). Retrieved 2014-03-01.</ref> In Economics, it is a member of the world-renowned [[Paris School of Economics]]. The international approach and the quality of its teachers is recognized worldwide, with the university having the overall highest reputation of all academic institutions in France, according to [[Times Higher Education]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Cinq universités françaises parmi les plus réputées au monde|url=http://www.capital.fr/carriere-management/actualites/cinq-universites-francaises-parmi-les-plus-reputees-au-monde-1019062}}</ref> it was also rated by the 2015/16 [[Times Higher Education]] Subject Rankings as the 33rd (1st in France) best university in Arts and Humanities.<ref name="timeshighereducation.com">https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/subject-ranking/arts-and-humanities#!/page/0/length/25</ref>
Pantheon-Sorbonne's headquarters is located on the [[Place du Panthéon]] and it ocupies also the [[Sorbonne]] in the 5th and the 6th arrondissements of Paris, its name derives from those two buildings. Some forty thousand students (including internationals) are enrolled in fourteen teaching and research departments, as well as five institutes.
Pantheon-Sorbonne's headquarters is located on the [[Place du Panthéon]] in the [[Latin Quarter, Paris|Latin Quarter]], an area in the 5th and the 6th arrondissements of Paris. The university also occupies part of the [[Sorbonne]] and other renowned French university buildings.<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/universities/universit%C3%A9-paris-1-panth%C3%A9on-sorbonne Pantheon-Sorbonne presentation]. Topuniversities (13 may 2013). Retrieved 2012-05-21.</ref> Some forty thousand students (including internationals) are enrolled in fourteen teaching and research departments (Unités de Formation et de Recherche), as well as five institutes offering top level degree courses in law, political science, economics, management and humanities.


The University Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne supports a modern approach of humanities, political, social and economic sciences on the basis of [[research]], [[fieldwork]], [[participant observation]] and [[ethnography]]. The dual master's degree (such as "Economics and Psychology" or "Economics and Quantitative Economics", among others) in partnership with other important French academic institutions such as [[Paris Descartes University]] or the [[Sciences Po]], among others, emphasizes opportunities offered as far as research is concerned.
Pantheon-Sorbonne is one the top French universities.


== History ==
== History ==
[[Image:Sorbonne 17thc.jpg|thumb|250px|The Sorbonne in the 17th century]]
After the student protests of May and June 1968, thirteen universities succeded to the University of Paris (Sorbonne University), which [[University of Paris#Reorganization|ceased to exist]].
After the ideological, cultural and social fever which took hold of France in [[May 1968 in France|May and June 1968]], a new university emerged; the law of 12 November 1968 instituted autonomous, multidisciplinary universities.


Paris I University was founded on the basis of a profound wish for change to produce an original academic project bringing together humanities, law and economics. Instead of having separate faculties, the university was divided into much more specialized departments (UFR). For instance the UFR of [[international law]] has the same relationship with the UFR of [[geography]] as with the UFR or [[commercial law]]. This was a revolutionary change, as those subjects had previously been taught in highly distinct and hierarchical faculties. To the traditional degree courses in France in history, geography, philosophy, art history, archaeology, economics, law and political science, new disciplines were gradually added, including visual arts, mathematics applied to social sciences, business management, tourism, culture and communications.
While [[Paris-Sorbonne University]] succedeed only the faculty of humanities of Sorbonne University,<ref>Paris-Sorbonne University is therefore its main successor since the Sorbonne is above all an institution for humanities.</ref> [[Panthéon-Assas University]] only the [[faculty of law of the University of Paris|faculty of law and economics]]<ref>Conac, pp. 177-178</ref> and [[Pierre and Marie Curie University]] only the faculty of sciences, Panthéon-Sorbonne University was founded on a wish for interdisciplinarity by bringing together disciplines. The name of the university show this interdisciplinarity: the [[Sorbonne]] building is the traditional seat of the Humanities studies in Paris (hence it is also used by [[University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle|Paris III]] and [[University Paris-Sorbonne]]), and the Panthéon building is, with the Assas building,<ref>Conac,, p. 191.</ref> the traditional seat of the law studies (hence it is also used by [[Panthéon-Assas University]]).


The name of the university embodies this triple tradition: the [[Sorbonne]] is the traditional seat of the Humanities studies in Paris (hence it is also used by [[University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle|Paris III]] and [[University Paris-Sorbonne]], and the Place du Panthéon building is the seat of the law school (hence it is also used by [[Panthéon-Assas University|Panthéon-Assas]]). Business studies had no traditional seat, as they were taught by law faculties.
== Organization ==
The Pantheon-Sorbonne University is organized in several departments (''unités de formation et de recherche''), schools (grouping of departments) and autonomous institutes.


=== Departments ===
== Campus ==
The University of Paris I shares with the others inheritors of the University of Paris some of the most prestigious university buildings in France. Since the sixties, the university has expanded at an unprecedented rate and has built on or acquired nearly twenty new sites in the capital and immediate suburbs.
* Economics.
* [[Sorbonne]] : Paris I occupies part of the historical seat of the University of Paris, rebuilt at the end of the 19th century. It houses also the University of Paris: [[University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle]], [[Paris-Sorbonne University]] and [[Paris Descartes University]], and the Chancellerie des Universités. The great lecture hall is the scene of lectures and traditional university ceremonies and is also the venue of important international conferences. The Senate and Vice-Chancellor’s Office are located in the former Paris Faculty of Law building which dates back to the end of the 18th century.
* Art History and Archaeology.
* Art.
* Management School.
* Geography.
* History.
* Philosophy.
* Political Science
* Mathematics and Information Technology.

=== Law School ===
{{distinguish|Law schools, colleges and academies in France}}
{{other uses2|Sorbonne Law School}}
{{other uses2|Law schools in France}}
Panthéon-Sorbonne united in 2009 all legal studies in the university and gave that entity the name of ''Sorbonne Law School'', to compete the ''collège de droit'' of Panthéon-Assas University created in 2008. But whereas the name is the same, it is not a selective degree for top students of the university but the name of the kind of faculty of law of Panthéon-Sorbonne University. It is a grouping of the departments of Public Law, Public Administration and Public Affairs, of Business Law, of International and European Studies and of General Law Studies, plus the Jean Domat Institute (preparation to Bar exam and Judge exam), and the Paris Insurance Institute (insurance law studies).

=== Institutes ===
* [[Sorbonne Graduate Business School]]
* Institute for the Study of Economic and Social Development (IEDES)
* Paris Demography Institute (IDUP)
* Institute for Research and Advanced Studies in Tourism (IREST)
* Institute of Labour Studies (ISST)
* Institute of Philosophy of Sciences and Techniques (IHPST).

=== Campuses ===
* [[Sorbonne]] building : Panthéon-Sorbonne occupies part of this historical seat, rebuilt at the end of the 19th century.
** Albert Châtelet Center : commonly called Calvin, it is a secondary building of the Sorbonne.
** Albert Châtelet Center : commonly called Calvin, it is a secondary building of the Sorbonne.
** Rue d'Ulm Center : like Calvin, a secondary building of the Sorbonne.
** Rue d'Ulm Center : like Calvin, a secondary building of the Sorbonne.
[[File:Universite de Paris Faculte de droit DSC 1945w.jpg|thumb|250px|Panthéon center of faculty of law]]
[[File:Universite de Paris Faculte de droit DSC 1945w.jpg|thumb|250px|Centre Panthéon of the Sorbonne University and the Sorbonne Law School]]
* [[Place du Panthéon]] Building (not to be confused with the actual [[Panthéon, Paris|Panthéon]] : Pantheon-Sorbonne occupies part of the historical seat of the Law Faculty of the University of Paris. It is shared with [[Panthéon-Assas University|Panthéon-Assas]].
* [[Place du Panthéon]] Building (commonly called Panthéon, not to be confused with the actual [[Panthéon, Paris|Panthéon]] : Paris I occupies part of the historical seat of the Law Faculty of the University of Paris. It is shared with [[Panthéon-Assas University|Panthéon-Assas]].
* Institute of Geography : located in the Rue Saint-Jacques, it houses one of the oldest and richest collections of maps in France.
* Institute of Geography : located in the Rue Saint-Jacques, it houses one of the oldest and richest collections of maps in France.
* Institute of Philosophy of Sciences and Techniques (IHPST) : located in the Rue du Four.
* Institute of Philosophy of Sciences and Techniques (IHPST) : located in the Rue du Four.
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** Bourg-la-Reine Center : located in [[Bourg-la-Reine]], it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center.
** Bourg-la-Reine Center : located in [[Bourg-la-Reine]], it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center.
** Nogent Center : located in [[Nogent-sur-Marne]], it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center.
** Nogent Center : located in [[Nogent-sur-Marne]], it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center.

===Recent constructions and acquisitions===


The main buildings are the Centre Pierre Mendès France, the Centre René Cassin, the Centre Saint-Charles, the Centre Arago which houses the new International Relations Building; the research centers have been relocated, in particular in the Rue Malher and the Boulevard de l’Hôpital, where the Economics Building is currently located.
The main buildings are the Centre Pierre Mendès France, the Centre René Cassin, the Centre Saint-Charles, the Centre Arago which houses the new International Relations Building; the research centers have been relocated, in particular in the Rue Malher and the Boulevard de l’Hôpital, where the Economics Building is currently located.


== Academic programs ==
==Academics==
The Pantheon-Sorbonne University is organized in several departments : [[faculty (education)|faculties]] (''unités de formation et de recherche''), schools (grouping of faculties) and autonomous institutes


=== Research ===
=== Sorbonne Law School ===
Founded in 2009, the Sorbonne Law School is the most recent department of the university. The school unites all legal studies in the university.
Research programs exist in economics, management and applied mathematics; in law and politics; in philosophy and the arts; in history, art history and archaeology; in geography, demography and sociology, to name but some. The eleven hundred members of faculty, 200 researchers who are attached to major research institutions, mainly the [[CNRS]] (National Center for Scientific
* Faculty 01 : Public Law, Public Administration and Public Affairs.
Research), and 150 technical and administrative staff are grouped in 68 research groups recognised by the CNRS and the Ministry of Education and Research.
* Faculty 05 : Business Law.
* Faculty 07 : International and European Studies.
* Faculty 26 : General Law Studies
* Jean Domat Institute : preparation to Bar exam and Judge exam.
* Paris Insurance Institute : vocational studies in the field of insurance law.


=== Faculties ===
Every year around 400 PhD theses are defended and 1,700 pre-PhD post-graduate degrees are awarded in 74 subjects divided between 15 graduate schools.
* Faculty 02 : Economics.
* Faculty 03 : Art History and Archaeology.
* Faculty 04 : Art.
* Faculty 06 : Sorbonne Management School.
* Faculty 08 : Geography.
* Faculty 09 : History.
* Faculty 10 : Philosophy.
* Faculty 11 : Political Science
* Faculty 27 : Mathematics and Information Technology.


=== Documentary resource centers ===
=== Institutes ===
* [[Sorbonne Graduate Business School]]
* Institute for the Study of Economic and Social Development (IEDES)
* Paris Demography Institute (IDUP)
* Institute for Research and Advanced Studies in Tourism (IREST)
* Institute of Labour Studies (ISST)
* Institute of Philosophy of Sciences and Techniques (IHPST).


== Research at the University ==
In Economics, the library at the Centre Pierre Mendès France offers students free access to its large collection.
[[Image:Sorbonne DSC09369.jpg|thumb|250px|La Sorbonne today]]
The following sampling of statistics demonstrate the importance of research at Paris I:


The eleven hundred members of faculty, 200 researchers who are attached to major research institutions, mainly the [[CNRS]] (National Center for Scientific
In Law, the [[Cujas Library]], co-administered with [[Panthéon-Assas University|Panthéon-Assas]], with its computerized documentation service, provides access to over 500 data banks and is the largest law and economics library in France.
Research), and 150 technical and administrative staff are grouped in 68 research groups recognised by the CNRS and the Ministry of Education and Research.


Every year around 400 PhD theses are defended and 1,700 pre-PhD post-graduate degrees are awarded in 74 subjects divided between 15 graduate schools.
In Humanities, The Sorbonne library, mostly administered by [[Paris Sorbonne University]] but open to Panthéon-Sorbonne students, has a collection of almost three million books, 100,000 of which are more than 200 years old, and 17,500 periodicals covering all the humanities. The library and map collection of the Geography Institute are the oldest such collection in France. In addition, the 400,000 volumes in the specialist libraries offer users one of the largest collections in France and Europe.


The scope of research is vast, as can be seen by the number and variety of high quality conferences and colloquia organized by the different research centers.
=== International ===
The themes provide a meeting point between science and culture and cover different aspects of the relationships between the individual and society.
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2016}}
Panthéon-Sorbonne has signed over 150 conventions with foreign universities across five continents. These exchanges revolve around international networks such as [[Europaeum]] which bring together [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], [[King's College London|London]], [[University of Bologna|Bologna]], [[University of Bonn|Bonn]], [[University of Geneva|Geneva]], [[University of Helsinki|Helsinki]], [[University of Leiden|Leiden]] and [[Charles University in Prague|Prague]]. The University of Paris I also heads a number of consortia which bring together French universities and professional organisations. The consortia are responsible for major international projects in [[Bucharest]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Cairo]], [[Istanbul]] (Galatasaray), and Moscow.


Research programs exist in economics, management and applied mathematics; in law and politics; in philosophy and the arts; in history, art history and archaeology; in geography, demography and sociology, to name but some.
Every year some 130 academics from foreign universities come to teach and do research at the University of Paris I. Many researchers and members of faculty take part in major international research programs abroad; the University also hosts many annual international conferences. Six thousand international students, mainly from Europe, come to study as part of the [[SOCRATES programme|SOCRATES]] or [[TEMPUS]] programmes. African students are joined by increasing numbers from Asia and America, and take part in specific programs organised in conjunction with universities across the world.


== Documentary resource centers ==
===Dual and double degree programs ===
In Panthéon-Sorbonne too, students can apply for admission into one of the dual degree or double degree programs designed in conjunction with partner universities in France and abroad. Double degree programs confer two degrees to students, whereas dual degrees confer only a degree from the host university.


Pantheon-Sorbonne University manages one of the largest documentary resource centers in France, the [[Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne]]. The Sorbonne library has a collection of almost three million books, 100,000 of which are more than 200 years old, and 17,500 periodicals covering all the humanities. The library and map collection of the Geography Institute are the oldest such collection in France. In addition, the 400,000 volumes in the specialist libraries offer users one of the largest collections in France and Europe.
== Rankings ==


The [[Cujas Library]], co-administered with [[Panthéon-Assas University|Panthéon-Assas]], with its computerized documentation service, provides access to over 500 data banks and is the largest law and economics library in France.
=== International rankings ===


The new economics building houses another resource center, and the library at the Centre Pierre Mendès France offers students free access to its large collection.
In the 2015 [[QS World University Rankings]], the University was globally ranked 240th overall (9th of France), ranking 16th in Archeology and 46th for Arts and Humanities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/universities/universit%C3%A9-paris-1-panth%C3%A9on-sorbonne#subject|title=QS World University Rankings 2015}}</ref> By Subject, it ranked as the world's 21st university in Philosophy (1st in France), 25th in Law (1st in France), and 16th in History (1st in France), 51-100 in Finance (2nd of France), 51-100 in Economics (1st in France), 51-100 in Politics and International Studies (2nd of France), 51-100 in Modern Languages (3rd of France), 51-100 in Finance (4th in France), 151-200 in Management (8th of France).


== International ==
The university have globally among French universities the higher international reputation according to [[Times Higher Education]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cinq universités françaises parmi les plus réputées au monde|url=http://www.capital.fr/carriere-management/actualites/cinq-universites-francaises-parmi-les-plus-reputees-au-monde-1019062}}</ref> It was rated by the 2016 [[Times Higher Education]] Subject Rankings as the 33rd (1st in France) university in Arts and Humanities and 99th in social sciences (2nd of France).<ref name="timeshighereducation.com">https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/subject-ranking/arts-and-humanities#!/page/0/length/25</ref> In Economics, it is a member of the [[Paris School of Economics]].
The University Paris 1 has signed over 150 conventions with foreign universities across five continents. These exchanges revolve around international networks such as [[Europaeum]] which bring together some of Europe's best universities in [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], [[King's College London|London]], [[University of Bologna|Bologna]], [[University of Bonn|Bonn]], [[University of Geneva|Geneva]], [[University of Helsinki|Helsinki]], [[University of Leiden|Leiden]] and [[Charles University in Prague|Prague]]. The University of Paris I also heads a number of consortia which bring together French universities and professional organisations. The consortia are responsible for major international projects in [[Bucharest]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Cairo]], [[Istanbul]] (Galatasaray), and Moscow.


Six thousand international students, mainly from Europe, come to study as part of the [[SOCRATES programme|SOCRATES]] or [[TEMPUS]] programmes. African students are joined by increasing numbers from Asia and America, and take part in specific programs organised in conjunction with universities across the world.
=== National rankings ===


Staff mobility is another priority and every year some 130 academics from foreign universities come to teach and do research at the University of Paris I.
==== Economics ====
In Economics, Panthéon-Sorbonne is ranked 14 by Eduniversal, second of the universities.<ref>[http://www.eduniversal-ranking.com/study-abroad-in-france.html Eduniversal France Business]</ref>


Finally, international research at the University of Paris I is paramount. Many researchers and members of faculty take part in major international research programs abroad; the University also hosts many annual international conferences.
Its undergraduate economics program is ranked first of the universities by [[Eduniversal]].<ref>[http://meilleures-licences.com/licence-economie.html Eduniversal France Business undergraduate]</ref>


==Dual and double degree programs ==
Its masters programs are ranked 4th of the French Universities or academic institution by Eduniversal.<ref>[http://www.best-masters.com/ranking-master-in-france/master-economics.html Eduniversal France Business Masters]</ref>
Alternatively, students can apply for admission into one of the school's dual degree or double degree programs designed in conjunction with partner universities in France and abroad. Double degree programs confer two degrees to students, whereas dual degrees confer only a degree from the host university.


==== Law ====
== Rankings ==
A human competitiveness index & analysis by the [[Human Resources & Labor Review]], and published in Chasecareer Network, ranked the University of Paris system 33rd internationally in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chasecareer.net/news_detail.php?id=61|title=300 BEST WORLD UNIVERSITIES 2011}}</ref> In the global 2011 [[QS World University Rankings]], the University is ranked 213th overall, ranking 34th for Arts and Humanities and 42nd for Social Sciences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/institution/universite-paris-1-pantheon-sorbonne/wur|title=QS World University Rankings 2010}}</ref> In the Times Higher Education Ranking 2010 Pantheon-Sorbonne University was rated 32nd for ''Arts and Humanities<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2010/subject-rankings/arts-humanities Classement '&#39;Arts and Humanities'&#39; du THES]. Topuniversities.com (19 November 2012).</ref>'' and 37th for ''Social Science<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2010/subject-rankings/social-science Classement '&#39;Social Sciences'&#39; du THES]. Topuniversities.com (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.</ref>''.
Sorbonne Law School is in the top 5 of French law schools.

Moreover, in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2011 Pantheon-Sorbonne was rated 37th for "Politics and international studies"<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011/subject-rankings/social-sciences/politics-international-studies QS World University Rankings – International Studies]. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.</ref> (2nd in France), 41st for "History"<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011/subject-rankings/arts-humanities/history QS World University Rankings – History]. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.</ref> (1st in France), 47th for "Philosophy"<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011/subject-rankings/arts-humanities/philosophy QS World University Rankings – Philosophy]. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.</ref> (2nd in France) and it was ranked among the Top 100 Universities for "Modern Languages",<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011/subject-rankings/arts-humanities/modern-languages QS World University Rankings – Modern Languages]. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.</ref> "Accounting and Finance"<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011/subject-rankings/social-sciences/accounting-finance QS World University Rankings – Accounting Finance]. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.</ref> and "Economics".<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011/subject-rankings/social-sciences/economics QS World University Rankings – Economics]. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.</ref>


In the QS World University Ranking by Subject 2012 Sorbonne Paris 1 University was rated 81st in "Politics and international studies" (2nd in France), 87th in "Finance" (2nd in France), 85th in "Economics" (1st in France), 26th in History (1st in France), 31st in Philosophy (2nd in France)and 89th in "Modern languages" (2nd in France).<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2012/subject-rankings QS World University Rankings – subject rankings]. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.</ref>
Panthéon-Sorbonne undergraduate law program is ranked four by Eduniversal.<ref>[http://www.meilleures-licences.com/licence-droit.html Eduniversal law undergraduate Ranking]</ref> It was ranked in interdinisciplinary fields also, as follow:
* Law : 4th
* Law and Economics: 1st
* Law and English: 3rd


In the QS World University Ranking by Subject 2013 Sorbonne Paris 1 University is rated 44th in "Politics and international studies" (2nd in France), 47th in "Economics" (1st in France), 19th in "History" (1st in France), 26th in "Philosophy" (1st in France), 18th in "Law" (1st in France).<ref>[http://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings QS World University Rankings – subject rankings]. Topuniversities (13 may 2013). Retrieved 2012-05-21.</ref>
Panthéon-Sorbonne masters law programs are globally ranked second by Eduniversal, behind [[Panthéon-Assas University]] ones.<ref>[http://www.meilleurs-masters.com/classement-master.html Eduniversal law masters Ranking]</ref> On the 55 master degree ranked in 6 specialties, 4 are from Panthéon-Sorbonne University from 3 specialties, i.e. second ex aequo with [[Paris Dauphine University]] and [[Aix-Marseille University]] but with higher rankings than these two universities. They were ranked as follow
* Social Law: 2nd and 3rd
* Digital Law : 2nd
* Tax law: 4th


In the QS World University Ranking by Subject 2014, it ranked as the world's 22nd university in Philosophy (1st in France), 27th in Law (1st in France), and 13th in History.
In terms of salary, Panthéon-Sorbonne graduates are second behind [[Panthéon-Assas University]] ones.<ref>[http://www.capital.fr/carriere-management/actualites/droit-economie-gestion-les-20-meilleures-universites-en-france-1016301 Top 20 universities in France with salaries]</ref>


In the 2015 2016 Times Higher Education World Universities ranking by subject,<ref name="timeshighereducation.com"/> it has been ranked 33rd in the world in arts and humanities.
==== Humanities ====
No national ranking exists in Humanities.


== Notable alumni ==
== Notable alumni ==
Line 194: Line 191:
* [[Nasser Yeganeh]]: PhD in public law, former President of the Supreme Court of Iran
* [[Nasser Yeganeh]]: PhD in public law, former President of the Supreme Court of Iran
* [[Irakli Garibashvili]], Prime Minister of Georgia
* [[Irakli Garibashvili]], Prime Minister of Georgia

== Points of interest ==
* [[Sorbonne]]
* [[Latin Quarter, Paris]]
* [[Panthéon, Paris]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
La-Sorbonne-univ.JPG|The historic [[Sorbonne]] building, now the headquarters of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University</center>
La Sorbonne Great Amphitheatre 1.jpg|<center>Great Amphitheatre of The Sorbonne</center>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 204: Line 212:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Conac|first=Gérard|title=François Luchaire, un républicain au service de la République|year=2005|publisher=Publications de la Sorbonne|isbn=978-2859445157|editor=Bougrab, Jeannette; Maus, Didier|language=French|chapter=La fondation de l'université Paris I : François Luchaire, pilote d'une transition institutionnelle}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Commons category inline|Université Panthéon-Sorbonne}}
* [http://www.univ-paris1.fr/ Official website]
* [http://www.univ-paris1.fr/ Official website]
* [http://iae.univ-paris1.fr/en/ Sorbonne Graduate Business School]
* [http://iae.univ-paris1.fr/en/ Sorbonne Graduate Business School]
* [http://www.univ-paris1.fr/ufr/eds/ Sorbonne Law School]
* [http://www.univ-paris1.fr/ufr/eds/ Sorbonne Law School]
*[http://maps.google.com/maps?q=paris,+france&ll=48.848324,2.344294&spn=0.003005,0.010274&t=h&hl=en Satellite image of main site from Google Maps]


{{Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel}}
{{Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel}}

Revision as of 15:33, 5 March 2016

Pantheon-Sorbonne University
Université Panthéon-Sorbonne
File:Logo-univ-paris1.fr.png
MottoOmnibus Sapientia, Unicuique Excellentia (Latin)
Motto in English
Knowledge for everyone, Excellence for each one
TypePublic
Established1971
ChancellorPhilippe Boutry
Students40,483
Location
Paris
,
France
Colours  Blue
  White
  Gold
AffiliationsUniversity of Paris, Europaeum
Websitewww.univ-paris1.fr
Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University is located in Paris
Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University
Location in Paris

Pantheon-Sorbonne University[2] (Template:Lang-fr), also known as "La Sorbonne" and "Paris I", is a public research university in Paris, France. It focuses on the areas of law, humanities, political science, social sciences, economics, logic and finance.[3][4] It is the main inheritor of the world's second oldest academic institution, the University of Paris, shortly before the latter officially ceased to exist on December 31, 1970, as a consequence of the French cultural revolution of 1968, often referred to as "the French May".

A major pole of research and learning, Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne is one of the most prestigious universities in France and the best institution in its main domains (it is first in France in Economics, Econometrics, Finance, Law, Politics, History, Philosophy). It was rated by the 2014 QS World University Ranking 13th in History and Archaeology (1st in France), 22nd in Philosophy (1st in France), 27th in Law (1st in France), 43rd in Geography and Area Studies (1st in France), 44th in Economics and Econometrics (1st in France), 51-100th in Accounting and Finance (1st in France), 51-100th in Politics and International Studies (2nd in France), 51-100th in Modern Languages (2nd in France), and 151-200th in Statistics and Operational Research (4th in France).[5] In Economics, it is a member of the world-renowned Paris School of Economics. The international approach and the quality of its teachers is recognized worldwide, with the university having the overall highest reputation of all academic institutions in France, according to Times Higher Education,[6] it was also rated by the 2015/16 Times Higher Education Subject Rankings as the 33rd (1st in France) best university in Arts and Humanities.[7]

Pantheon-Sorbonne's headquarters is located on the Place du Panthéon in the Latin Quarter, an area in the 5th and the 6th arrondissements of Paris. The university also occupies part of the Sorbonne and other renowned French university buildings.[8] Some forty thousand students (including internationals) are enrolled in fourteen teaching and research departments (Unités de Formation et de Recherche), as well as five institutes offering top level degree courses in law, political science, economics, management and humanities.

The University Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne supports a modern approach of humanities, political, social and economic sciences on the basis of research, fieldwork, participant observation and ethnography. The dual master's degree (such as "Economics and Psychology" or "Economics and Quantitative Economics", among others) in partnership with other important French academic institutions such as Paris Descartes University or the Sciences Po, among others, emphasizes opportunities offered as far as research is concerned.

History

The Sorbonne in the 17th century

After the ideological, cultural and social fever which took hold of France in May and June 1968, a new university emerged; the law of 12 November 1968 instituted autonomous, multidisciplinary universities.

Paris I University was founded on the basis of a profound wish for change to produce an original academic project bringing together humanities, law and economics. Instead of having separate faculties, the university was divided into much more specialized departments (UFR). For instance the UFR of international law has the same relationship with the UFR of geography as with the UFR or commercial law. This was a revolutionary change, as those subjects had previously been taught in highly distinct and hierarchical faculties. To the traditional degree courses in France in history, geography, philosophy, art history, archaeology, economics, law and political science, new disciplines were gradually added, including visual arts, mathematics applied to social sciences, business management, tourism, culture and communications.

The name of the university embodies this triple tradition: the Sorbonne is the traditional seat of the Humanities studies in Paris (hence it is also used by Paris III and University Paris-Sorbonne, and the Place du Panthéon building is the seat of the law school (hence it is also used by Panthéon-Assas). Business studies had no traditional seat, as they were taught by law faculties.

Campus

The University of Paris I shares with the others inheritors of the University of Paris some of the most prestigious university buildings in France. Since the sixties, the university has expanded at an unprecedented rate and has built on or acquired nearly twenty new sites in the capital and immediate suburbs.

  • Sorbonne : Paris I occupies part of the historical seat of the University of Paris, rebuilt at the end of the 19th century. It houses also the University of Paris: University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris-Sorbonne University and Paris Descartes University, and the Chancellerie des Universités. The great lecture hall is the scene of lectures and traditional university ceremonies and is also the venue of important international conferences. The Senate and Vice-Chancellor’s Office are located in the former Paris Faculty of Law building which dates back to the end of the 18th century.
    • Albert Châtelet Center : commonly called Calvin, it is a secondary building of the Sorbonne.
    • Rue d'Ulm Center : like Calvin, a secondary building of the Sorbonne.
Centre Panthéon of the Sorbonne University and the Sorbonne Law School
  • Place du Panthéon Building (commonly called Panthéon, not to be confused with the actual Panthéon : Paris I occupies part of the historical seat of the Law Faculty of the University of Paris. It is shared with Panthéon-Assas.
  • Institute of Geography : located in the Rue Saint-Jacques, it houses one of the oldest and richest collections of maps in France.
  • Institute of Philosophy of Sciences and Techniques (IHPST) : located in the Rue du Four.
  • Mahler Center : located in the 4th arrondissement, it houses an historical and legal studies institute.
  • Saint-Charles Center : located in the 15th arrondissement. Founded in 1973, it houses the Art School and the School of Cinema.
  • Pierre Mendès-France Center : commonly called Tolbiac, it is located in the 13th arrondissement. Founded in 1973, it is the main center of the University. Freshmen and Sophomores in Humanities are educated at Tolbiac.
    • Tolbiac Center : a secondary building of the Mendès-France Center (which confusingly is also called Tolbiac).
  • René Cassin Center : located in the 13th arrondissement. Founded in 1990, it houses the main part of Law School.
  • Economical Studies Building : located in the 13th arrondissement. It houses the Economics Graduate School.
  • Broca Center : Located in the 5th arrondissement. It houses the Business School.
  • International Building : located in the Boulevard Arago, commonly called Arago. It houses the International Relations Institute.
  • Michelet Center : an exotic Mesopotamian-style building in the 5th arrondissement, it houses the Art History and Archeology School.
  • Fontenay Center : located in the suburban town of Fontenay-aux-Roses, in the old buildings of the École Normale Supérieure. It houses the School of Work Social Sciences.
    • Sceaux Center : in the suburban town of Sceaux, it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center.
    • Bourg-la-Reine Center : located in Bourg-la-Reine, it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center.
    • Nogent Center : located in Nogent-sur-Marne, it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center.

Recent constructions and acquisitions

The main buildings are the Centre Pierre Mendès France, the Centre René Cassin, the Centre Saint-Charles, the Centre Arago which houses the new International Relations Building; the research centers have been relocated, in particular in the Rue Malher and the Boulevard de l’Hôpital, where the Economics Building is currently located.

Academic programs

The Pantheon-Sorbonne University is organized in several departments : faculties (unités de formation et de recherche), schools (grouping of faculties) and autonomous institutes

Sorbonne Law School

Founded in 2009, the Sorbonne Law School is the most recent department of the university. The school unites all legal studies in the university.

  • Faculty 01 : Public Law, Public Administration and Public Affairs.
  • Faculty 05 : Business Law.
  • Faculty 07 : International and European Studies.
  • Faculty 26 : General Law Studies
  • Jean Domat Institute : preparation to Bar exam and Judge exam.
  • Paris Insurance Institute : vocational studies in the field of insurance law.

Faculties

  • Faculty 02 : Economics.
  • Faculty 03 : Art History and Archaeology.
  • Faculty 04 : Art.
  • Faculty 06 : Sorbonne Management School.
  • Faculty 08 : Geography.
  • Faculty 09 : History.
  • Faculty 10 : Philosophy.
  • Faculty 11 : Political Science
  • Faculty 27 : Mathematics and Information Technology.

Institutes

  • Sorbonne Graduate Business School
  • Institute for the Study of Economic and Social Development (IEDES)
  • Paris Demography Institute (IDUP)
  • Institute for Research and Advanced Studies in Tourism (IREST)
  • Institute of Labour Studies (ISST)
  • Institute of Philosophy of Sciences and Techniques (IHPST).

Research at the University

La Sorbonne today

The following sampling of statistics demonstrate the importance of research at Paris I:

The eleven hundred members of faculty, 200 researchers who are attached to major research institutions, mainly the CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), and 150 technical and administrative staff are grouped in 68 research groups recognised by the CNRS and the Ministry of Education and Research.

Every year around 400 PhD theses are defended and 1,700 pre-PhD post-graduate degrees are awarded in 74 subjects divided between 15 graduate schools.

The scope of research is vast, as can be seen by the number and variety of high quality conferences and colloquia organized by the different research centers. The themes provide a meeting point between science and culture and cover different aspects of the relationships between the individual and society.

Research programs exist in economics, management and applied mathematics; in law and politics; in philosophy and the arts; in history, art history and archaeology; in geography, demography and sociology, to name but some.

Documentary resource centers

Pantheon-Sorbonne University manages one of the largest documentary resource centers in France, the Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne. The Sorbonne library has a collection of almost three million books, 100,000 of which are more than 200 years old, and 17,500 periodicals covering all the humanities. The library and map collection of the Geography Institute are the oldest such collection in France. In addition, the 400,000 volumes in the specialist libraries offer users one of the largest collections in France and Europe.

The Cujas Library, co-administered with Panthéon-Assas, with its computerized documentation service, provides access to over 500 data banks and is the largest law and economics library in France.

The new economics building houses another resource center, and the library at the Centre Pierre Mendès France offers students free access to its large collection.

International

The University Paris 1 has signed over 150 conventions with foreign universities across five continents. These exchanges revolve around international networks such as Europaeum which bring together some of Europe's best universities in Oxford, London, Bologna, Bonn, Geneva, Helsinki, Leiden and Prague. The University of Paris I also heads a number of consortia which bring together French universities and professional organisations. The consortia are responsible for major international projects in Bucharest, Buenos Aires, Cairo, Istanbul (Galatasaray), and Moscow.

Six thousand international students, mainly from Europe, come to study as part of the SOCRATES or TEMPUS programmes. African students are joined by increasing numbers from Asia and America, and take part in specific programs organised in conjunction with universities across the world.

Staff mobility is another priority and every year some 130 academics from foreign universities come to teach and do research at the University of Paris I.

Finally, international research at the University of Paris I is paramount. Many researchers and members of faculty take part in major international research programs abroad; the University also hosts many annual international conferences.

Dual and double degree programs

Alternatively, students can apply for admission into one of the school's dual degree or double degree programs designed in conjunction with partner universities in France and abroad. Double degree programs confer two degrees to students, whereas dual degrees confer only a degree from the host university.

Rankings

A human competitiveness index & analysis by the Human Resources & Labor Review, and published in Chasecareer Network, ranked the University of Paris system 33rd internationally in 2010.[9] In the global 2011 QS World University Rankings, the University is ranked 213th overall, ranking 34th for Arts and Humanities and 42nd for Social Sciences.[10] In the Times Higher Education Ranking 2010 Pantheon-Sorbonne University was rated 32nd for Arts and Humanities[11] and 37th for Social Science[12].

Moreover, in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2011 Pantheon-Sorbonne was rated 37th for "Politics and international studies"[13] (2nd in France), 41st for "History"[14] (1st in France), 47th for "Philosophy"[15] (2nd in France) and it was ranked among the Top 100 Universities for "Modern Languages",[16] "Accounting and Finance"[17] and "Economics".[18]

In the QS World University Ranking by Subject 2012 Sorbonne Paris 1 University was rated 81st in "Politics and international studies" (2nd in France), 87th in "Finance" (2nd in France), 85th in "Economics" (1st in France), 26th in History (1st in France), 31st in Philosophy (2nd in France)and 89th in "Modern languages" (2nd in France).[19]

In the QS World University Ranking by Subject 2013 Sorbonne Paris 1 University is rated 44th in "Politics and international studies" (2nd in France), 47th in "Economics" (1st in France), 19th in "History" (1st in France), 26th in "Philosophy" (1st in France), 18th in "Law" (1st in France).[20]

In the QS World University Ranking by Subject 2014, it ranked as the world's 22nd university in Philosophy (1st in France), 27th in Law (1st in France), and 13th in History.

In the 2015 2016 Times Higher Education World Universities ranking by subject,[7] it has been ranked 33rd in the world in arts and humanities.

Notable alumni

  • Jean Claude Gandur, former Chairman and CEO of Addax Petroleum[21]
  • Abdullah Ensour: Current Prime Minister of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
  • Giorgos Kaminis: Mayor of the capital of Greece (Athens) and Greek Ombudsman from April 2003 until September 2010.
  • Dimitri Kitsikis famous geopolitician, honorary president, The Dimitri Kitsikis Public Foundation (Greece),Fellow, Royal Society of Canada
  • Michèle Alliot-Marie: State doctorate in political science, former director of the Faculty of Political Science, former Minister (Defense, Interior, Justice and Foreign Affairs) and former UMP MP in the National Assembly.
  • Yves-Marie Adeline: PhD in Arts and art writer.
  • Samir Assaf: DEA Money Finance Bank, CEO of HSBC Global Banking & Markets
  • Maurice Benayoun: "Agrégation" and PhD in Arts and Art Sciences, media artist, Professor at City University of Hong Kong.
  • Ali Bongo Ondimba: President of Gabon, the son of former President Omar Bongo and the Minister of Defence from 1999 to 2009.
  • Jean-Louis Borloo: former minister, LLB
  • Rosi Braidotti, contemporary philosopher and feminist theoretician, distinguished Professor in the Humanities at University of Utrecht[22]
  • Jorge Castañeda: Professor at New York University and former Foreign Minister of Mexico.
  • Luc Chatel: Master of Science in Management, Master of Marketing, Secretary of State for Consumer Affairs and Tourism to the Minister of Economy, Finance and Employment and spokesman for the UMP, former Minister of National Education
  • Alpha Condé: politician and current President of the Republic of Guinea.
  • Christian de Boissieu: doctor in economics, professor and director of the Council of Economic Analysis
  • Régis Debray: ENS, Doctor of Philosophy
  • Thierry Derez: CEO Covéa
  • Harlem Désir: degree in philosophy, now MEP
  • Daba Diawara: PhD in public law, currently Malian politician and former Secretary General of the Government of Mali
  • Mamadou Diouf: Senegalese historian, currently director of the Institute of African Studies at Columbia University
  • Taieb Fassi Fihri: Moroccan Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation.
  • Sylvie Faucheux, president of the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.
  • Laurence Ferrari: Master of political and social communication, journalist
  • Hervé Gaymard: LLB, former MP and Minister of Economy and Finance
  • René Gutman: Ph.D., a former philosophy student, Rabbi of Strasbourg
  • Théodore Holo: President of the High Court of Justice of Benin and former Minister
  • Chantal Jouanno: Minister of Youth and Sports, control of economic and social administration
  • Franck Julien, president of the TFN
  • Jean-Marc Lofficier: Writer, editor, publisher, translator
  • Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki: PhD in public law, politician, former Prime Minister of Niger
  • André Mba Obame: former interior minister in Gabon, losing the presidential election in 2009
  • Arnaud Montebourg: LLB, French Minister of Industrial Renewal
  • Daniel Ona Ondo Ph.D. in Economics, academic and politician Gabon
  • Vincent Peillon: Bachelor, CAPES, aggregation and doctorate in philosophy. Former MEP, former member of the Somme and the current Minister of National Education.
  • Nicos Poulantzas: State theorist
  • Yazid Sabeg: CS executive and communication systems, and Commissioner for Diversity and Equal Opportunities since 17 December 2008
  • Dominique Senequier: DEA Money Finance Bank, CEO of Ardian (formerly AXA Private Equity)
  • Manuel Valls: Degree in History. Mayor of Évry, Essonne and current Prime minister
  • Laurent Wauquiez: Masters in History, former Minister of Higher Education and Research
  • Nasser Yeganeh: PhD in public law, former President of the Supreme Court of Iran
  • Irakli Garibashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia

Points of interest

  • The historic Sorbonne building, now the headquarters of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University
    The historic Sorbonne building, now the headquarters of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University
  • Great Amphitheatre of The Sorbonne
    Great Amphitheatre of The Sorbonne

See also

References

  1. ^ Paris University — Budget in 2009
  2. ^ as the university refers to itself in English in its website http://www.univ-paris1.fr/international/pantheon-sorbonne-university/
  3. ^ [1], Academic ranking of world universities, France.
  4. ^ [2], Le Nouvel Observateur Etudiants Number 6, Spécial « Pépites de la fac ».
  5. ^ QS World University Rankings 2014 – Subject Rankings. Top Universities (1 March 2014). Retrieved 2014-03-01.
  6. ^ "Cinq universités françaises parmi les plus réputées au monde".
  7. ^ a b https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/subject-ranking/arts-and-humanities#!/page/0/length/25
  8. ^ Pantheon-Sorbonne presentation. Topuniversities (13 may 2013). Retrieved 2012-05-21.
  9. ^ "300 BEST WORLD UNIVERSITIES 2011".
  10. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2010".
  11. ^ Classement ''Arts and Humanities'' du THES. Topuniversities.com (19 November 2012).
  12. ^ Classement ''Social Sciences'' du THES. Topuniversities.com (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.
  13. ^ QS World University Rankings – International Studies. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.
  14. ^ QS World University Rankings – History. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.
  15. ^ QS World University Rankings – Philosophy. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.
  16. ^ QS World University Rankings – Modern Languages. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.
  17. ^ QS World University Rankings – Accounting Finance. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.
  18. ^ QS World University Rankings – Economics. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.
  19. ^ QS World University Rankings – subject rankings. Topuniversities (19 November 2012). Retrieved 2012-11-24.
  20. ^ QS World University Rankings – subject rankings. Topuniversities (13 may 2013). Retrieved 2012-05-21.
  21. ^ "Jean Claude Gandur". Fg-art.org. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  22. ^ Rosi Braidotti. Let.uu.nl. Retrieved 2012-11-24.

48°50′55″N 2°20′36″E / 48.84861°N 2.34333°E / 48.84861; 2.34333

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