America First (policy): Difference between revisions
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{{Other uses|America First (disambiguation){{!}}America First}} |
{{Other uses|America First (disambiguation){{!}}America First}} |
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[[File:America First Committee.jpg|thumb|Logo of the [[America First Committee]], a non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into [[World War II]]]] |
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'''America First''' |
The '''America First''' [[Foreign policy of the United States|foreign policy]] stance was defined by the [[Donald Trump administration]] as focusing primarily on American interests and American national security for guidance in [[international relations]].<ref>{{cite web|title=America First Foreign Policy|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-foreign-policy|website=Whitehouse.gov|publisher=The White House|accessdate=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Trump details 'America First' foreign plan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-36152947|accessdate=January 26, 2017|agency=BBC World Service|date=April 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Shapiro|first1=Ari|title=As Trump Adopts 'America First' Policy, China's Global Role Could Change|url=http://www.npr.org/2017/01/23/511267259/as-trump-adopts-america-first-policy-chinas-global-role-could-change|accessdate=January 26, 2017|agency=National Public Radio|date=January 23, 2017}}</ref> It has been compared to a similar position advocated in the [[interwar period]] by the [[America First Committee]], a pressure group opposed to American entry into [[World War II]].<ref name="Sarles" /><ref>{{cite news|title=The New Nationalism|url=http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21710249-his-call-put-america-first-donald-trump-latest-recruit-dangerous|accessdate=January 26, 2017|publisher=The Economist|date=November 19, 2016}}</ref> |
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==Original use== |
==Original use== |
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==In popular culture== |
==In popular culture== |
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The policy and its phrasing became a subject of international satire through the [[Every Second Counts (video contest)|Every Second Counts]] video contest inspired by Dutch comedian [[Arjen Lubach]] and launched by German comedian [[Jan Böhmermann]] following Trump's inauguration.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/06/513744676/if-americas-no-1-whos-no-2-european-nations-compete-for-the-uh-honor |title=If America's No. 1, Who's No. 2? European Nations Compete For The, Uh, Honor |author=Camila Domonoske |work=[[NPR]] |date=6 February 2017 |accessdate=7 February 2017}}</ref> [[News satire]] television programs initially throughout Europe, and later from around the world, comically appealed to Trump to prevent their individual countries from being neglected by his isolationist policy, with a narrator employing a similar voice, speech patterns, and exaggerations to those of Trump himself.<ref name="Vanity1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/02/donald-trump-trolling-videos-america-first-netherlands-second-greg-shapiro-shaun-streeter |title=Meet the Men Trolling Trump in Those Viral European Videos |author=Hillary Busis |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=7 February 2017 |accessdate=7 February 2017}}</ref> Lubach's initial version, for example, ended by noting that "We totally understand it's going to be America first, but can we just say: The Netherlands second?".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://everysecondcounts.eu/ |title=Click this page. It's Huge. Like Donalds hands. It's the funniest website in the world! Believe us! |work=Every Second Counts |publisher=''Neo Magazin Royale'' |accessdate=8 February 2017}}</ref> |
The policy and its phrasing became a subject of international satire through the [[Every Second Counts (video contest)|Every Second Counts]] video contest inspired by Dutch comedian [[Arjen Lubach]] and launched by German comedian [[Jan Böhmermann]] following Trump's inauguration.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/06/513744676/if-americas-no-1-whos-no-2-european-nations-compete-for-the-uh-honor |title=If America's No. 1, Who's No. 2? European Nations Compete For The, Uh, Honor |author=Camila Domonoske |work=[[NPR]] |date=6 February 2017 |accessdate=7 February 2017}}</ref> [[News satire]] television programs initially throughout Europe, and later from around the world, comically appealed to Trump to prevent their individual countries from being neglected by his isolationist policy, with a narrator employing a similar voice, speech patterns, and exaggerations to [[Public image of Donald Trump|those of Trump himself]].<ref name="Vanity1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/02/donald-trump-trolling-videos-america-first-netherlands-second-greg-shapiro-shaun-streeter |title=Meet the Men Trolling Trump in Those Viral European Videos |author=Hillary Busis |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=7 February 2017 |accessdate=7 February 2017}}</ref> Lubach's initial version, for example, ended by noting that "We totally understand it's going to be America first, but can we just say: The Netherlands second?".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://everysecondcounts.eu/ |title=Click this page. It's Huge. Like Donalds hands. It's the funniest website in the world! Believe us! |work=Every Second Counts |publisher=''Neo Magazin Royale'' |accessdate=8 February 2017}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 14:57, 26 March 2017
The America First foreign policy stance was defined by the Donald Trump administration as focusing primarily on American interests and American national security for guidance in international relations.[1][2][3] It has been compared to a similar position advocated in the interwar period by the America First Committee, a pressure group opposed to American entry into World War II.[4][5]
Original use
America First originally referred to the foreign policy advocated by the America First Committee, a non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II; it emphasized American nationalism in international relations and was isolationist. The America First Committee's membership peaked at 800,000 paying members in 450 chapters, and it popularized the slogan "America First."[4] While the America First Committee had a variety of supporters in the United States, "the movement was marred by anti-Semitic and pro-fascist rhetoric."[6]
Later use
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America First has sometimes been used as a slogan by some Republicans in later periods, notably by Pat Buchanan, who praised the America First Committee and said "the achievements of that organization are monumental."[7] Buchanan's "call for an America First foreign policy has been compared with the America First Committee."[8]
From 2016 the slogan has been used by Donald Trump, who has said that "'America First' will be the major and overriding theme" of his administration.[9][10]
In a Politico/Morning Consult poll released on January 25, 2017, 65% of Americans responded positively to President Trump's "America First" inaugural message, with 39% viewing the speech as poor.[11][12]
The slogan has been criticized by some for carrying comparisons to the America First Committee, an isolationist organization that lobbied the United States against entry into World War II.[13] Trump denies being an isolationist, and said: "I like the expression."[14] A number of scholars (such as Deborah Dash Moore), commentators (such as Bill Kristol) and Jewish organizations (such as the Anti-Defamation League and the Jewish Council for Public Affairs) criticized Trump's use of the slogan because of its historical association with nativism and antisemitism.[15]
In popular culture
The policy and its phrasing became a subject of international satire through the Every Second Counts video contest inspired by Dutch comedian Arjen Lubach and launched by German comedian Jan Böhmermann following Trump's inauguration.[16] News satire television programs initially throughout Europe, and later from around the world, comically appealed to Trump to prevent their individual countries from being neglected by his isolationist policy, with a narrator employing a similar voice, speech patterns, and exaggerations to those of Trump himself.[17] Lubach's initial version, for example, ended by noting that "We totally understand it's going to be America first, but can we just say: The Netherlands second?".[18]
References
- ^ "America First Foreign Policy". Whitehouse.gov. The White House. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- ^ "Trump details 'America First' foreign plan". BBC World Service. April 28, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- ^ Shapiro, Ari (January 23, 2017). "As Trump Adopts 'America First' Policy, China's Global Role Could Change". National Public Radio. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- ^ a b Ruth Sarles, A Story of America First: The Men and Women who Opposed U.S.intervention in World War II, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, ISBN 9780275975128
- ^ "The New Nationalism". The Economist. November 19, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- ^
- Brian Bennett, "America First", a Phrase with a Loaded Anti-Semitic and Isolationist History, Los Angeles Times (January 20, 2017): "While the America First Committee attracted a wide array of support, the movement was marred by anti-Semitic and pro-fascist rhetoric."
- See also Susan Dunn, Trump's 'America First' has ugly echoes from U.S. history, CNN (April 28, 2016): "Seeking to brand itself as a mainstream organization, America First struggled with the problem of the anti-Semitism of some of its leaders and many of its members."
- Richard Gid Powers, Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism (The Free Press, 1995: Yale University Press ed., 1998), p. 167: "The America First Committee and Norman Thomas's group tried to maintain their distance from anti-Semites and fascists, but the lunatic fringe of countersubversives was drawn irresistibly to them, wild for the possibility of become part of a powerful mainstream political movement. Gerald L. K. Smith, Elizabeth Dilling, Gerald B. Winrod, William Dudley Pelley, Charles Coughlin, Laura Ingalls, and all of the country's other notorious anti-Semitic anticommunist crackpots joyously raised the temperature of the debate by attacking defense preparations as Jewish inspired and Communist directed."
- ^ Pat Buchanan (October 13, 2004). "The Resurrection of 'America First!'". The American Cause. Retrieved 2008-02-03Template:Inconsistent citations
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Michael Cox and Martin Durham, "The Politics of Anger: The Extreme Right in the United States" (p. 287), in Paul Hainsworth, ed., The Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream, London/New York: Pinter, 2000, ISBN 1855674599
- ^ DelReal, Jose A. (April 27, 2016). "Trump, pivoting to the general election, hones 'America First' foreign policy vision". Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie; Sanger, David E.; Trump, Donald (March 26, 2016). "Transcript: Donald Trump Expounds on His Foreign Policy Views". The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
- ^ Sherman, Jake (January 25, 2017). "Poll: Voters liked Trump's 'America first' address". POLITICO. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- ^ Savransky, Rebecca (January 25, 2017). "Majority of Americans approves of Trump's 'America First' message". The Hill. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- ^ Elving, Ron (21 January 2017). "Trump Vows Policy Vision Of 'America First,' Recalling Phrase's Controversial Past". NPR. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ Thomas, Louisa (July 24, 2016). "America First, for Charles Lindbergh and Donald Trump". The New Yorker. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
- ^ —
Thomas, Louisa (July 24, 2016). "America First, for Charles Lindbergh and Donald Trump". The New Yorker. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
- Calamur, Krishnadev (January 21, 2017). "A Short History of 'America First'". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
- Nathan-Kazis, Josh (January 20, 2017). "Trump's 'America First' Leaves Jewish Groups Hesitant". The Forward. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
- ^ Camila Domonoske (6 February 2017). "If America's No. 1, Who's No. 2? European Nations Compete For The, Uh, Honor". NPR. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- ^ Hillary Busis (7 February 2017). "Meet the Men Trolling Trump in Those Viral European Videos". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- ^ "Click this page. It's Huge. Like Donalds hands. It's the funniest website in the world! Believe us!". Every Second Counts. Neo Magazin Royale. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
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