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| conflict = 2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive
| conflict = 2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive
| place = [[Kharkiv Oblast]], [[Ukraine]]
| place = [[Kharkiv Oblast]], [[Ukraine]]
| date = 6–11 September 2022<br>(5 days)
| date = 6–13 September 2022<br>(7 days)
| partof = the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the [[Northeastern Ukraine offensive]] and the [[Eastern Ukraine offensive]]
| partof = the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the [[Northeastern Ukraine offensive]] and the [[Eastern Ukraine offensive]]
| image = {{CSS image crop
| image = {{CSS image crop

Revision as of 10:27, 15 September 2022

2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive
Part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Northeastern Ukraine offensive and the Eastern Ukraine offensive

Map of the counteroffensive
Date6–13 September 2022
(7 days)
Location
Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine
Result

Ukrainian victory[1][2][3]

Belligerents
 Ukraine  Russia
 Donetsk PR
 Luhansk PR
Commanders and leaders
Ukraine Oleksandr Syrskyi[9] Russia Roman Berdnikov[10]
Russia Aleksandr Lapin (from c. 11 September)[11]
Russia High-ranking officer (POW) (possibly Andrei Sychevoi)[12][13]
Units involved

 Armed Forces of Ukraine

Ukrainian partisans[17]

 Russian Armed Forces

Donetsk People's Republic DPR People's Militia
Luhansk People's Republic LPR People's Militia
Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown

The 2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive was an offensive by the Armed Forces of Ukraine on Russian-occupied territory of the Kharkiv Oblast, which was launched on 6 September 2022.[19] Following the launch of the Ukrainian southern counteroffensive in Kherson in late August, Ukrainian forces began a simultaneous counteroffensive in early September in Kharkiv Oblast, in the northeast of the country. Following an unexpected thrust deep into Russian lines, Ukraine recovered many hundreds of square kilometers of territory by 9 September.[20] By 10 September, the Institute for the Study of War said that Ukrainian forces had captured approximately 2,500 square kilometres (970 sq mi) in the Kharkiv region by effectively exploiting the breakthrough,[21] and Reuters reported that Russian forces had been forced to withdraw from their base at Izium after being cut off by the capture of the key railway hub Kupiansk.[22] Despite this major success, Ukrainian forces did not cross the Oskil River and take the east bank of Kupiansk. On September 13, Ukrainian forces established a bridgehead over the Oskil River near Borova.[23]

Background

Main articles: Battle of Kharkiv (2022), Battle of Izium (2022), and Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast

Russian offensives in the first months of the Russian invasion of Ukraine left large swathes of the Kharkiv Oblast under Russian control, including the key logistical hubs of Izium and Kupiansk.[24][25] The majority of Kharkiv Oblast remained within Ukrainian control, however, including the city of Kharkiv, which was subjected to continuous Russian rocket, artillery, and cluster munition bombardment that persisted into August.[26] Ukrainian forces held off Russian advances towards Kharkiv,[27] then launched counteroffensives in March and May pushing the Russians from the outskirts of the city.[28][29] By June 6, the indiscriminate Russian bombardment of Kharkiv resulted in 606 civilian deaths and 1,248 civilian injuries according to Amnesty International.[30]

The battle lines in the greater Kharkiv Oblast region remained largely static over the next few months as Ukrainian and Western military analysts believed Russia lacked the ground forces to launch a renewed offensive. The Kharkiv death toll exceeded 1,000 by August.[31]

Counteroffensive

Prelude

On 29 August, Ukraine announced an imminent counteroffensive in southern Ukraine, part of a disinformation campaign designed to divert Russia's forces away from Kharkiv.[32][33] Russia redeployed thousands of its troops, including elite units such as the 1st Guards Tank Army, to Kherson Oblast, leaving its Kharkiv forces significantly weakened and vulnerable to attack.[34][35][36]

Initial advance

On 6 September 2022, Ukrainian forces launched a counteroffensive in the Kharkiv region,[37] taking Russian forces by surprise.[38][39][40] In a 10 September interview with the Guardian, Ukrainian special forces spokesman Taras Berezovets stated Russia "thought [the counteroffensive] would be in the south… then, instead of the south, the offensive happened where they least expected, and this caused them to panic and flee.”[33]

Ukrainian troops advanced at least 20 kilometres (12 mi) into Russian-held territory and recaptured some 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi) of territory during the first two days.[41]

By 9 September, Ukraine had broken through Russian lines, with the Ukrainian military saying that it had advanced nearly 50 kilometres (31 mi) and recaptured over 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi) of territory.[42] This advance placed them approximately 44 kilometres (27 mi) northwest of Izium,[43] the main Russian logistics base in the region,[38] a rate of advancement largely unseen since Russia withdrew from Kyiv at the start of the war.[34] The fall of Izium on 10 September was described by the Washington Post as a "stunning rout";[44] the Institute for the Study of War assessed that Ukrainian forces had captured approximately 2,500 square kilometres (970 sq mi) in the breakthrough.[21]

One military expert said that it was the first time since World War II that whole Russian units had been lost in a single battle,[25] leading to widespread comparisons to another historical battle fought at Izium: the 1942 Soviet defeat in the Second Battle of Kharkov resulted in over 200,000 Soviet deaths.[45]

Breakthrough and exploitation

Ukrainian flag in Balakliia (8 September)
Territorial Defence Forces of Ukraine soldiers near the freshly repainted (from Russian flag colors back to Ukrainian ones) entrance mark in Shevchenkove liberated from Russian army

On 6 September, having concentrated their forces north of Balakliia, Ukrainian troops launched a counteroffensive in the Kharkiv Oblast, which drove Russian forces back to the left bank of the Donets and Serednya Balakliika rivers. On the same day, Ukrainian forces captured Verbivka [uk], less than 3 km northwest of Balakliia. Several Russian sources reported that Russian forces demolished unspecified bridges on the eastern outskirts of Balakliia to prevent further Ukrainian advances.[35] Ukrainian troops then went on the offensive in the directions of Balakliia, Volokhiv Yar [uk], Shevchenkove, Kupiansk and the districts Savyntsi and Kunye, situated east of Balakliia. According to Russian sources on this line of contact Ukrainians were opposed in some areas of the line by lightly armed forces of the DPR Militia,[19] while Ukrainian sources said that the forces in this region were professional Russian soldiers, not conscripts from the Donbas.[33]

By the following day, Ukrainian forces had advanced some 20 kilometres (12 mi) into Russian-occupied territory, recapturing approximately 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi), and reaching positions northeast of Izium. Russian sources claimed this success was likely due to the relocation of Russian forces to Kherson, in response to the Ukrainian offensive there.[46]

By 8 September, Ukrainian troops had advanced 50 kilometres (31 mi) deep into Russian defensive positions north of Izium. SOBR units of Russian National Guard forces lost control of Balakliia, about 44 km northwest of Izium,[43] although Ukraine did not establish control of the city until 10 September.[47] Near the city, Ukrainian forces recaptured the largest ammunition storage base of the Central Rocket and Artillery Directorate of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[19] Ukrainian forces also regained control over more than 20 settlements.[48] On the same day, Ukrainian media reported that a high-ranking Russian officer had been captured by Ukrainian forces on the Kharkiv front. Based on footage of the man, it was speculated that he was Lieutenant General Andrei Sychevoi, Commander of the Western Military District of the Russian Armed Forces.[12][13]

On 9 September, the Russian-backed administration ordered the evacuation into Russia of the population from Izium, Kupiansk and Velykyi Burluk.[49] Local residents later reported that at this point Russian soldiers in the area began to flee villages, leaving behind their weaponry, before Ukrainian troops even arrived.[50] Later in the day Ukrainian forces reached Kupiansk, a vital transit hub at the junction of several of the main railway lines supplying Russian troops at the front.[51] The Institute for the Study of War said it believed Kupyansk would likely fall in the next 72 hours.[52] In response to the Ukrainian advance, Russian reserve units were sent as reinforcements to both Kupiansk and Izium.[53]

On 10 September, Kupiansk and Izium were retaken by Ukrainian forces and Ukrainian forces were reportedly advancing towards Lyman.[54][55] An advisor to the head of Kharkiv regional council, Natalia Popova, posted photos on Facebook of soldiers holding a Ukrainian flag outside Kupiansk city hall.[56] Ukrainian security officials and police moved into the recaptured settlements to check the identities of those who stayed under Russian occupation.[57] Later that day, Luhansk Oblast Governor Serhiy Haidai claimed that Ukrainian soldiers had advanced into the outskirts of Lysychansk, while Ukrainian partisans had reportedly managed to capture parts of Kreminna. Haidai stated Russian forces had fled the city, leaving Kreminna "practically empty".[17][58] The New York Times said "the fall of the strategically important city of Izium, in Ukraine's east, is the most devastating blow to Russia since its humiliating retreat from Kyiv.”[59] The Russian Ministry of Defence spokesperson Igor Konashenkov responded to these developments by claiming that Russian forces in the Balakliia and Izium area would "regroup" in the Donetsk area "in order to achieve the stated goals of the special military operation to liberate Donbas". Ukrainian President Zelenskyy said that "The Russian army in these days is demonstrating the best that it can do — showing its back. And, of course, it's a good decision for them to run."[39] He claimed that Ukraine has recaptured 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi) since the start of the counteroffensive.[60]

On 11 September, Newsweek reported that Ukrainian forces had "penetrated Russian lines to a depth of up to 70 kilometers in some places and retaken more than 3,000 square kilometers of territory since September 6".[61] Reports that Russian troops had withdrawn from Kozacha Lopan and locals had raised the Ukrainian flag next to the town hall came in from objectiv.tv.[62] A map used in the briefing of the Russian Ministry of Defense on the same day confirmed that Russian forces had withdrawn from Kozacha Lopan, as well as Vovchansk[4] and other settlements on the Ukraine-Russia border.[63] Velykyi Burluk was also retaken.[61]

The entirety of occupied Kharkiv Oblast west of the Oskil River was retaken by Ukraine by 13 September, with state media saying its troops had entered Vovchansk.[64]

Russian withdrawal from Kharkiv Oblast

In the afternoon of 11 September, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced the formal pullout of Russian forces from nearly all of Kharkiv Oblast. The ministry "announced that an 'operation to curtail and transfer troops' was underway."[65][66] At 20:06 that day, Ukrainian critical infrastructure sites (including Kharkiv TEC-5) were hit by Kalibr cruise missiles. The attack left Poltava, Sumy, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa (partially) and Donetsk Oblasts without electricity.[67][68] Meanwhile, clashes between Ukrainian attackers and Russian defenders continued at Lyman. Ukrainian forces were also reported to possibly have taken Bilohorivka.[11][needs update]

On 12 September, according to the summary of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Defense Forces ousted Russian troops from more than 20 settlements: in particular, the Russians left the villages of Velykyi Burluk and Dvorichna in Kharkiv Oblast.[69] The Russian head of the Kharkiv occupation authority, Vitaly Ganchev, told Russian TV (Rossiya-24) that Ukrainian forces outnumbered Russian forces by "8 times". The border crossing to Russia at Belgorod[clarification needed] has been closed after some 5,000 civilians were "evacuated" to Russia[70]

Other gains

In the morning of 11 September, Ukrainian Governor of Luhansk Oblast, Serhiy Haidai, claimed that Russian forces had mostly left Starobilsk. In the same message, he stated Russian occupational authorities were also leaving cities annexed by Russia in 2014.[71][72][73]

Reports of the Russian military moving out of areas they formerly controlled in Luhansk Oblast began on 12 September alongside a withdrawal from the city of Svatove.[69]

On 12 September, President Zelenskyy said that Ukrainian forces have retaken a total of 6,000 km2 from Russia, in both the south and the east.[74]

According to Oryx, a Dutch-based open source intelligence website, Russia has lost at least 338 pieces of military hardware, from fighter jets to tanks to trucks, that have been destroyed, damaged or captured.[75]

President Zelenskyy claimed on 13 September, during his nightly address, to have recaptured 8000 km2 of territory from Russia. This cannot be independently confirmed.[76]

Reactions

Inside Russia

CPRF leader Gennady Zyuganov calls for mobilization at the first meeting of the State Duma after the successful Ukrainian counteroffensive

The near-complete silence of the Russian authorities on the defeat –or any explanation for the developments there– generated considerable anger among some pro-war commentators and Russian nationalists on social media. Some called on 11 September for President Vladimir Putin to make immediate changes to ensure final victory in the war.[77] Some pro-war bloggers called for mobilization inside Russia.[78]

While Ukraine was conducting a counteroffensive, instead of commenting, Vladimir Putin opened a Ferris wheel in Moscow's VDNKh and celebrated Moscow City Day.[79] War bloggers criticized him for continuing the celebrations.[80]

On the evening of 10 September, a festive fireworks display took place in Moscow, which was previously called for to be canceled by many pro-war politicians inside Russia, like Sergey Mironov, the leader of A Just Russia — For Truth.[81][82]

Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov questioned Russian leadership of the war, writing on Telegram:[83] "They have made mistakes and I think they will draw the necessary conclusions. If they don't make changes in the strategy of conducting the special military operation in the next day or two, I will be forced to contact the leadership of the Defense Ministry and the leadership of the country to explain the real situation on the ground."[84]

On September 12, Meduza reported that, per two sources close to the Kremlin, the proposed referendums for the annexation of the self-proclaimed Luhansk and Donetsk People's Republics had been postponed indefinitely, following earlier postponement from September 11 to November 4.[85]

On September 12, Mikhail Sheremet, a State Duma deputy from United Russia, advocated "full mobilization".[86] On September 13, the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov spoke for the maximum mobilization of forces and resources,[87] but later the Press Secretary of the CPRF Alexander Yushchenko said that Zyuganov called for the mobilization of the economy and resources, and not the population, and recommended to "execute some groups that engage in outright provocations".[88]

Subsequent Russian attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure[89] were interpreted as an attempt to at least partially satisfy demands of radical war supporters in Russia who called for further escalation of Russian tactics.[90][91]

Worldwide

The American Institute for the Study of War (ISW) noted that the rapid pace of the Ukrainian counteroffensive was disrupting the long-held Russian army lines of land communication used to support the Russian army in the northern part of the Luhansk region. According to ISW, this would lead to a serious hindrance to Russia's operations.[92] As of September 11, ISW noted that Western weapons were necessary for the success of Ukraine, but not enough, and skillful planning and execution of the campaign played a decisive role in the lightning success. ISW contended that long preparations and the announcement of a counter-offensive in the Kherson region had confused the Russians, leading to a diversion of the Russian army's attention away from the Kharkiv region, where the Ukrainian army subsequently struck.[11]

On September 10, representatives of the British Ministry of Defence suggested that the Russian army practically had not defended most of the territories recaptured by Ukraine.[93]

Reuters and the BBC called the loss of Izium, which the Russian army had been trying to occupy for over a month at the start of the invasion, a "great humiliation" for Russian President Vladimir Putin and Moscow's worst defeat since the retreat from Kyiv in March.[93][94] According to ISW, the liberation of Izium, occupied in early April, destroyed Russia's prospect of seizing the Donetsk Oblast.[11]

According to Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba, Ukraine's recent counteroffensives prove that the Ukrainian military can end the war faster with more Western weapons, a statement echoed by President Zelenskyy on 12 September.[95] Ukraine's recent successes in Kharkiv Oblast are a crucial confidence boost for a Kyiv that increasingly relies on its Western allies for military aid.[93]

Aftermath

As Ukrainian forces entered towns of Balakliia and Izium, they found numerous places where Ukrainians were held prisoner, tortured and executed by Russian occupation forces.[96] Death toll among civilians as result of the initial Russian siege and subsequent occupation was initially estimated at 1000 residents. After liberation witnesses described residents being detained, abducted, tortured and executed by Russian forces and a number of burial sites were found.[97]

See also

References

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