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I-96/I-275 runs southward for about {{convert/spell|2|mi|km}} before crossing into [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] at the interchange with [[M-102 (Michigan highway)|8&nbsp;Mile Road]] near the [[Meadowbrook Country Club]]. The freeway curves to the east around [[Schoolcraft College]]; then, south of 5&nbsp;Mile Road, I-96 meets the interchange with M-14 and I-275 where it turns to the east along the Jeffries Freeway. To the north and south sides of I-96 are a pair of [[Frontage road|service drive]]s named Schoolcraft Road<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/> which follow the 4&nbsp;Mile location on the [[Mile Road System (Detroit)|Mile Road System]] for Detroit.<ref name=gavrilovich>{{cite book |last1= Gavrilovich |first1=Peter |last2= McGraw |first2= Bill |year= 2000 |title= The Detroit Almanac: 300&nbsp;Years of Life in the Motor City |location= Detroit |publisher= Detroit Free Press |pages= 20–1 |isbn= 978-0-937247-34-1 |lastauthoramp= y}}</ref> To the north of the Jeffries are residential neighborhoods and to the south are commercial or industrial areas. At Inkster Road, the freeway crosses into [[Redford Charter Township, Michigan|Redford Township]] where it intersects [[U.S. Route 24 in Michigan|US&nbsp;24]] (Telegraph Road) near [[Eliza Howell Park]]. East of the park, I-96 enters Detroit.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/>
I-96/I-275 runs southward for about {{convert/spell|2|mi|km}} before crossing into [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] at the interchange with [[M-102 (Michigan highway)|8&nbsp;Mile Road]] near the [[Meadowbrook Country Club]]. The freeway curves to the east around [[Schoolcraft College]]; then, south of 5&nbsp;Mile Road, I-96 meets the interchange with M-14 and I-275 where it turns to the east along the Jeffries Freeway. To the north and south sides of I-96 are a pair of [[Frontage road|service drive]]s named Schoolcraft Road<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/> which follow the 4&nbsp;Mile location on the [[Mile Road System (Detroit)|Mile Road System]] for Detroit.<ref name=gavrilovich>{{cite book |last1= Gavrilovich |first1=Peter |last2= McGraw |first2= Bill |year= 2000 |title= The Detroit Almanac: 300&nbsp;Years of Life in the Motor City |location= Detroit |publisher= Detroit Free Press |pages= 20–1 |isbn= 978-0-937247-34-1 |lastauthoramp= y}}</ref> To the north of the Jeffries are residential neighborhoods and to the south are commercial or industrial areas. At Inkster Road, the freeway crosses into [[Redford Charter Township, Michigan|Redford Township]] where it intersects [[U.S. Route 24 in Michigan|US&nbsp;24]] (Telegraph Road) near [[Eliza Howell Park]]. East of the park, I-96 enters Detroit.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/>


Past the [[Outer Drive]] interchange, I-96 splits into a [[local-express lanes]] configuration. There are two [[carriageway]]s in each direction, and the central ones have three lanes that bypass almost all of the exits while the outer ones have two lanes that have access to each exit. The Jeffries turns southeasterly and separates from Schoolcraft Road shifting {{convert/spell|1/2|mi|km}} to the south. The interchange with [[M-39 (Michigan highway)|M-39]] (Southfield Freeway) features slip ramps so that traffic can pass between the local and express lanes. Further east, I-96 turns northeasterly to cross Grand River Avenue at the southern end of M-5. I-96 curves over to the interchange with [[M-8 (Michigan highway)|M-8]] (Davison Avenue) and the local-express configuration ends as the freeway turns back to the south to cross over Grand River Avenue.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/>
Past the [[Outer Drive]] interchange, I-96 splits into a [[local-express lanes]] configuration. There are two [[carriageway]]s in each direction, and the central ones have three lanes that bypass almost all of the exits while the outer ones have two lanes that have access to each exit. The Jeffries turns southeasterly and separates from Schoolcraft Avenue shifting {{convert/spell|1/2|mi|km}} to the south. The interchange with [[M-39 (Michigan highway)|M-39]] (Southfield Freeway) features slip ramps so that traffic can pass between the local and express lanes. Further east, I-96 turns northeasterly to cross Grand River Avenue at the southern end of M-5. I-96 curves over to the interchange with [[M-8 (Michigan highway)|M-8]] (Davison Avenue) and the local-express configuration ends as the freeway turns back to the south to cross over Grand River Avenue.<ref name=google/><ref name=MDOT12D/>


[[File:DavisonExit.JPG|thumb|right|I-96 east at Davison Avenue, the east end of the local–express split|alt=Photograph of]]
[[File:DavisonExit.JPG|thumb|right|I-96 east at Davison Avenue, the east end of the local–express split|alt=Photograph of]]

Revision as of 15:41, 30 May 2013

Interstate 96 marker

Interstate 96

I-96 runs WNW to ESE across the Lower Peninsula of Michigan
I-96 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by MDOT
Length192.032 mi[2] (309.046 km)
Existed1959[1]–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
West end US 31 in Norton Shores
Major intersections US 131 in Walker

I-196 in Grand Rapids
I-69 near Lansing
I-496 / US 127 in Lansing
US 23 in Brighton
I-275 / I-696 / M-5 in Farmington Hills
I-275 / M-14 near Livonia
US 24 in Redford

I-94 in Detroit
East end I-75 in Detroit
Location
CountryUnited States
StateMichigan
CountiesMuskegon, Ottawa, Kent, Ionia, Clinton, Eaton, Ingham, Livingston, Oakland, Wayne
Highway system
← M-95→ M-96

Interstate 96 (I-96) is an Interstate Highway that runs for approximately 192 miles (309 km) entirely within the US state of Michigan. The western terminus is at an interchange with US Highway 31 (US 31) and Business US 31 (BUS US 31) on the western boundary of Norton Shores southeast of Muskegon, and the eastern terminus is at I-75 near the Ambassador Bridge in Detroit. From Grand Rapids through Lansing to Detroit, the freeway parallels Grand River Avenue, never straying more than a few miles from the deleted US 16. The Wayne County section of I-96 is named the Jeffries Freeway from its eastern terminus to the junction with I-275 and M-14. Though maps still refer to the freeway as the Jeffries, the portion within the city of Detroit was renamed by the state legislature as the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway in December 2005 in honor of the civil rights pioneer.

Grand River Avenue originated as an Indian trail before Michigan statehood. It later was used as a wagon road across the state. The roadway was included in the State Trunkline Highway System in 1919 as M-16 and later the United States Numbered Highway System as US 16. Construction of a freeway along the length of the corridor was proposed in the 1940s, and included as part of the Interstate Highway System in the mid-1950s. This construction was started in 1956 and initially completed across the state to Detroit in 1962. The proposed route for the Jeffries Freeway in Detroit was moved in the 1960s; it was built in the 1970s. I-96 was completed on November 21, 1977, in the Detroit area, closing the last gap along the route. Since then, additional interchanges and lanes have been added in places to accommodate traffic needs.

Route description

I-96 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) as a segment of the larger State Trunkline Highway System. In 2011, the department's traffic surveys showed that on average, 201,200 vehicles used the highway daily between 6 and 7 Mile roads in Livonia. Near Norton Shores, 20,638 vehicles did so each day between Airline and Fruitport roads. These are the highest and lowest counts along the highway, respectively.[3] As an Interstate Highway, all of I-96 is included in the National Highway System,[4] a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.[5] In addition, the highway in Detroit has been named by the Michigan Legislature the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway to honor the civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks.[6] The segment from Livonia east to I-275 is the Jeffries Freeway, named for a former mayor of Detroit, Edward Jeffries.[7]

Muskegon to Grand Rapids

Photograph of
Westbound I-96 as it passes under Sternberg Road approaching US 31

I-96 begins at a three-quarter cloverleaf interchange with US 31 northeast of the Muskegon County Airport in Norton Shores, near Muskegon. At the starting terminus, the highway has a grassy median and two lanes in each direction as it travels southeasterly through rural Muskegon County. The freeway is paralleled by Airline Highway in an area of with a mix of fields and residences as far as Fruitport. I-96 bypasses that village to the north and east before crossing into Ottawa County at Fruitport Road. After a distance of about Template:Convert/spell in the county, the trunkline reaches Nunica. The highway crosses the Crockery Creek and turns eastward toward Coopersville. The freeway runs parallel to the Grand River, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the north. Near Ironwood Drive, I-96 turns southeasterly again and goes through Marne.[8][9]

Beyond Marne, I-96 passes the western end of M-11 and crosses into Kent County, curving around a rest area for the eastbound lanes. The freeway runs eastward through a light industrial area of the suburb of Walker as it enters the Grand Rapids metropolitan area. At the interchange with Alpine Avenue, M-37 merges onto the freeway and the two run concurrently past the studios for WZZM-TV[8][9] with its iconic weatherball, a 16-foot-wide (4.9 m) sphere 100 feet (30 m) above the ground that uses colored lights to display a weather forecast.[10] Adjacent to the studios are the ramps from eastbound I-96 to southbound US 131 and from northbound US 131 to westbound I-96.[8][9] These ramps mark the northern end of I-296, an unsigned auxiliary Interstate highway designation applied to them and the US 131 freeway south to downtown Grand Rapids.[2] I-96 turns northeasterly past a commercial area to a three-quarter cloverleaf interchange that provides all of the other connections with US 131 next to a crossing of the Grand River.[8][9]

Photograph of
WZZM-TV's Weatherball next to I-96 in Walker

East of the river, I-96 and M-37 pass through the northern suburb of Comstock Park, intersecting Connector M-44 (CONN M-44, Plainfield Avenue) near Lamberton Lake. Past that interchange, the freeway angles southeasterly and then southward, bypassing Grand Rapids to the northeast. East of downtown, I-96/M-37 meets I-196 (Gerald R. Ford Freeway) at a partial interchange; traffic headed eastbound on I-196 must enter I-96 eastbound and only westbound I-96 traffic may enter I-196. Immediately east of the interchange is another for M-44 (East Beltline Avenue) where M-37 separates from the freeway to turn southward. Through this series of interchanges, I-96 curves to the east and then turns back southward after passing through them. There are two more interchanges for M-21 (Fulton Street) and Cascade Road before I-96 meets the eastern end of M-11 at 28th Street. The next interchange for 36th Street provides access to the Gerald R. Ford International Airport. The freeway continues to the east of the airport and then intersects the eastern end of M-6 (Paul B. Henry Freeway, South Beltline Freeway) at an interchange over the confluence of the Thornapple and Grand rivers.[8][9]

Grand Rapids to Brighton

The freeway exits the edges of the Grand Rapids urban area past the interchange with M-6, turning due east and paralleling the northern edge of Cascade Road. I-96 curves to the south of Pratt Lake near the county line, crossing into Ionia County. Grand River Avenue is the frontage road as the freeway heads east through farm fields. South of Ionia, I-96 intersects M-66. Near Portland, the trunkline turns to the southeast to cross the Grand River again. On the east side of town, the freeway crosses Grand River Avenue, its former business spur into town. I-96 continues southeasterly, crossing into Clinton County, and passes the community of Eagle. Entering the western reaches of the Lansing metropolitan area, I-96 merges with I-69 and turns southward at an interchange in the southwestern corner of the county; this interchange also provides access to Business Loop I-96 (BL I-96, Grand River Avenue).[8][9]

Photograph of
Aerial view looking north from the I-496 interchange along I-96/I-69 west of Lansing

These two Interstates run southward together for about 6.5 miles (10.5 km) on the west side of the metropolitan area, picking up a third lane in each direction. The exit numbers and mileposts along the concurrency reflect those of I-96, which is considered the dominant designation of the pair. South of that interchange, the freeway crosses into Eaton County and over the Grand River. The trunkline passes near residential subdivisions, and next to the interchange for BL I-69/M-43 (Saginaw Highway), there is a large retail development. Further south, I-496 (Olds Freeway) branches off to run into downtown Lansing before the split between I-96 and I-69. I-69 turns southward while I-96 turns southeasterly, dropping back to four lanes in total. After the Lansing Road interchange, the freeway crosses the Grand River one last time and runs due east to bypass Lansing.[8][9]

Photograph looking south showing
Southern split between I-96 and I-69 southwest of Lansing

I-96 crosses into Ingham County and continues along the southern edges of the Lansing metro area. It passes through areas with residential subdivisions and commercial developments, coming to a pair of interchanges including one for the eastern end of BL I-96 (Cedar Street). Near the crossing of the Red Cedar River, I-96 goes through the interchange for I-496/US 127. East of that interchange, the freeway begins to exit the metro area as the landscape transitions back to farm fields. I-96 continues eastward, bypassing Williamston and Webberville to the south. Near the latter, the freeway turns more southeasterly and crosses into Livingston County.[8][9]

In Livingston County, I-96 passes to the south of Fowlerville and Howell. Near the Livingston County Spencer J. Hardy Airport on the western edge of Howell, I-96 meets M-59, which carries the Howell business loop easterly to Grand River Avenue. The freeway expands to six lanes and runs parallel to Grand River Avenue on the southern side of town. The business loop reconnects near Lake Chemung on the east side of town, and I-96 turns further to the southeast. On the northeast side of Brighton, I-96 crosses over Grand River Avenue and the landscape transitions to include residential subdivisions. I-96 crosses US 23 and enters the far northwestern edge of Metro Detroit.[8][9]

Metro Detroit

Satellite photograph
Satellite image of the interchange with M-5, I-275 and I-696 in Novi and Farmington Hills

I-96 passes through an area with several lakes as it crosses into Oakland County. This area includes the Island Lake State Recreation Area to the south and the Kensington Metropark to the north of the freeway in an area where it crosses the Huron River. The Interstate runs through Wixom into Novi, where it passes to the south of the Twelve Oaks Mall. Southeast of the mall, I-96 enters a complex interchange on the border between Novi and Farmington Hills that connects it to M-5 (Haggerty Connector), I-275 and I-696 (Reuther Freeway). The trunkline drops a lane in each direction as it enters the interchange and turns southward. The freeway then merges into I-275 and increases to four lanes in each direction running south in Farmington Hills.[9][11]

According to the Federal Highway Administration, I-275 ends at the junction with I-96 and M-14 along the boundary between Livonia and Plymouth Township and not at the interchange in Novi and Farmington Hills.[a] MDOT considers I-275 to extend northward concurrently with I-96 to the Novi and Farmington Hills,[11] and maps from other providers follow MDOT's lead and label the freeway north of M-14 as I-96/I-275.[13]

I-96/I-275 runs southward for about Template:Convert/spell before crossing into Wayne County at the interchange with 8 Mile Road near the Meadowbrook Country Club. The freeway curves to the east around Schoolcraft College; then, south of 5 Mile Road, I-96 meets the interchange with M-14 and I-275 where it turns to the east along the Jeffries Freeway. To the north and south sides of I-96 are a pair of service drives named Schoolcraft Road[9][11] which follow the 4 Mile location on the Mile Road System for Detroit.[14] To the north of the Jeffries are residential neighborhoods and to the south are commercial or industrial areas. At Inkster Road, the freeway crosses into Redford Township where it intersects US 24 (Telegraph Road) near Eliza Howell Park. East of the park, I-96 enters Detroit.[9][11]

Past the Outer Drive interchange, I-96 splits into a local-express lanes configuration. There are two carriageways in each direction, and the central ones have three lanes that bypass almost all of the exits while the outer ones have two lanes that have access to each exit. The Jeffries turns southeasterly and separates from Schoolcraft Avenue shifting Template:Convert/spell to the south. The interchange with M-39 (Southfield Freeway) features slip ramps so that traffic can pass between the local and express lanes. Further east, I-96 turns northeasterly to cross Grand River Avenue at the southern end of M-5. I-96 curves over to the interchange with M-8 (Davison Avenue) and the local-express configuration ends as the freeway turns back to the south to cross over Grand River Avenue.[9][11]

Photograph of
I-96 east at Davison Avenue, the east end of the local–express split

From the crossing south of Davison, I-96 runs parallel to Grand River Avenue southeasterly with eight lanes total. The two run together as far as the interchange with I-94 (Edsel Ford Freeway) near Bishop Park. I-96 turns more south-southeasterly there through residential neighborhoods on Detroit's southeastern side. I-96 terminates at an interchange that connects it to I-75 (Fisher Freeway) and to the Ambassador Bridge.[8][9]

History

Interstate 96 was mostly constructed in sections that opened from 1957 to 1962, but it was not completed in the Detroit area until 1977. Even before the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act was signed in 1956, the route was being planned as a replacement of the old US 16, which was decommissioned in 1962.

Beginnings

See also: U.S. Route 16 in Michigan

The Muskegon–Grand Rapids–Lansing–Detroit corridor was initially named the Grand River Road,[15] an Indian trail[16] that was designated as a military highway in 1825.[17] The roadway was included as a branch of "Division 2" of the State Trunkline Highway System when that was created in May 1913.[18] When the system was signposted in 1919,[19] the highway was assigned the M-16 designation.[20] Grand River Avenue was the first paved highway across the state when paving was completed in 1926.[21] The entire highway was designated as part of US 16 later that year.[22]

Map of
1958 numbering plan for Michigan's Interstates

East of Grand Rapids, the highway was a major artery of national importance, and was added to the proposed "Interregional Highway System" as part of a northern route between Chicago and Detroit by the 1940s.[23] A branch from Grand Rapids to Muskegon was added later that decade,[24] and in 1957 the Chicago–Detroit route was labeled as part of Interstate 94, with Interstate 94N on the spur to Muskegon.[25] Michigan, believing that this would "cause considerable confusion to the public", requested a change in April 1958, which would move I-94 to the shorter Kalamazoo route (which was planned as I-92), make the Muskegon–Detroit route I-96, and assign I-67 to the connection from I-94 to I-96 at Grand Rapids,[26] but this was initially rejected by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO).[27] By mid-1959, Michigan's plan had been approved, with one change: I-96 would take the south leg from I-94 at Benton Harbor to Grand Rapids, and the north leg to Muskegon would be I-196.[28]

Construction of the Brighton–Farmington Expressway piece of the US 16 upgrade began in 1956,[29] and, when a Template:Convert/spell piece opened on August 1, 1957, it was the first section of funded Interstate to open in Michigan.[30] The entire 23-mile (37 km) freeway from east of Brighton to a bypass of Farmington was completed in December of that year.[31] By early 1959, when signs for I-96 and I-196 were posted, 59 miles (95 km) of the "Detroit–Muskegon Freeway" had been completed and marked as US 16.[1] With the scheduled opening of 51 miles (82 km) from west of Lansing to east of Howell, the entire route, except in the Detroit area, was to be open for travel on December 12, 1962.[32] US 16 was decommissioned in the state at that time;[33] the portions into Muskegon and Detroit, beyond the ends of the freeway, became separate related highways named Business Spur Interstate 196 (BS I-196) for Muskegon and for Detroit.[34]

In 1963, the Michigan State Highway Department petitioned AASHO to again make the change it had requested back in 1958, moving I-96 over I-196 to end at Muskegon and renumbering I-96 west of Grand Rapids to I-67. The state cited problems with destination signing and numerous complaints from the public about confusion caused by the numbering.[35] At their October 21, 1963 meeting, AASHO approved the relocation of I-96, but rejected I-67, stating that the number should be kept for a more major route in case the system is expanded, and instead assigned I-196 to the not-yet-complete Benton Harbor–Grand Rapids highway.[36] With the scheduled completion of the Lodge Freeway on October 29, 1964, a full freeway route was available from I-96 into downtown Detroit via I-696 and the Lodge,[37] but it would be some time before I-96 was finished into the city.[38]

Construction of the Jeffries Freeway

The Detroit Expressway and Transit System plan, prepared in 1945 for the city of Detroit, included a Grand River Expressway, which was to parallel Grand River Avenue into downtown and relieve congestion on that artery. A rail line would be built in the median of the freeway west of West Chicago Street, where streetcars would exit onto the existing surface tracks on Grand River Avenue into downtown. The plan called for a future conversion to rapid transit with a grade-separated route to downtown.[39] The Department of Street Railways determined in 1947 that the operation would cost $6 million per year, and the planned transit line was dropped from the plans. By 1961, the proposed highway was renamed the Jeffries Freeway, after Edward Jeffries, who served as Detroit mayor from 1940 to 1948.[40][41]

The first piece of the Jeffries Freeway connected the Fisher Freeway (I-75) with the Ford Freeway (I-94) in 1970.[42][43] It was extended northwest to Livernois Avenue (exit 188A) in July 1971,[7] and then to Grand River Avenue at Schaefer Highway (exit 185) in 1973.[44][45] In 1976, the freeway was extended west to the Southfield Freeway (exit 183), and the entire I-275 concurrent section was opened.[46] The final piece was completed on November 21, 1977, connecting the Detroit section to I-275.[38] The I-96 designation was assigned along the I-275 freeway south to the Jeffries Freeway, and eastward along the new freeway to the M-39 interchange, and the remaining stub of I-96 around Farmington was redesignated as an extension of M-102 (now M-5).[47]

Photograph showing
Express-local lanes along the westbound Jeffries Freeway approaching M-39 (Southfield Freeway) in Detroit

Originally, the route of Interstate 96 from the east end of the existing freeway in Farmington through Detroit, named the Jeffries Freeway (commonly referred to as simply "the Jeffries"), was to closely parallel Grand River Avenue (formerly US 16).[48] However, by 1963, several freeway revolts were taking place in urban locations throughout the country, including Detroit. Several of Detroit's planned freeways were modified, scaled back, or outright cancelled. To minimize the impact to existing communities and businesses, it was decided that the Jeffries Freeway would no longer utilize the Grand River Avenue corridor. Instead, the new I-96 freeway corridor would partially use the C&O Railroad right of way through the city of Livonia (ultimately being built over Schoolcraft Road), and utilize the planned I-275 freeway bypassing Detroit to the west to connect back to the existing freeway.[49]

Subsequent history

Since the completion of I-96 in 1977, several changes to the freeway have taken place. Beginning in 1984, an extension of the US 27 freeway (later to become I-69) bypassing Lansing opened; US 27 was then cosigned with I-96 along the western side of Lansing.[50][51] Three years later, the I-69 designation was applied to this new bypass, resulting in a triple concurrency (I-96/I-69/US 27);[52][53] that existed until 2002, when US 27 was decommissioned in Michigan.[54]

Photograph of the
Exit and entry ramps from the 36th Street interchange

From 2003 to 2005, the Beck Road interchange (exit 160) in Novi was reconstructed as a single point urban interchange (SPUI), the first in the metropolitan Detroit area and the first on I-96.[55] An interchange between 36th Street and I-96 was built starting in 2005 and completed in 2006. The project was aimed to improve access to the Gerald R. Ford International Airport southeast of Grand Rapids.[56] The reconstruction of the Wixom Road interchange near Novi as a SPUI was completed in late fall of 2008.[57]

Another interchange at Latson Road in Howell was approved for construction on July 19, 2012. This interchange will bring improved access to the eastern Howell area, which is currently only accessible from westbound I-96.[58]

On January 12, 2005, a large multiple-vehicle collision consisting of over 200 motor vehicles occurred in both directions of I-96 near Williamston in Ingham County. Two people, Douglas James Baker (age 15) and Jason Eldridge (age 27) were killed in the incident. It was one of the largest collisions in U.S. history and was blamed on heavy fog.[59]

In October 2012, reports of a sniper shooting cars along I-96 in four counties led to a federal investigation and a multi-jurisdictional task force of 100 law enforcement officials. As of October 30, 2012, 25 shootings had been linked to one suspect.[60] The Federal Bureau of Investigation, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and Crime Stoppers offered a $102,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the perpetrator.[61] The suspect was arrested on November 5, 2012.[62]

Exit list

CountyLocationmi[2]kmExitDestinationsNotes
MuskegonNorton Shores0.0000.0001
 US 31 / LMCT south – Grand Haven, LudingtonModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated



 Bus. US 31 north / LMCT north – Downtown Muskegon		Signed as exits 1A (south) and 1B (north); freeway continues west as BUS US 31
Fruitport Township0.2930.4721CHile RoadEastbound exit and entrance only; westbound access is at exit 1A
3.5175.6604Airline Road – Fruitport
5.1008.2085Fruitport Road – FruitportWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
OttawaCrockery Township
 M-231 south		Proposed interchange[63]
9.29214.9549 M-104 – Grand Haven, Spring LakeWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
10.08116.22410 B-31 – Nunica
Coopersville15.99125.73516 B-35 – Coopersville, EastmanvilleEmergency US 31 runs along 68th Ave. from I-96 in Coopersville to M-45 in Allendale. Access to Allendale and Grand Valley State University
18.58429.90819Lamont, Coopersville
Wright Township22.80536.70123Marne
Tallmadge Township23.93938.52624 M-11 – Walker, GrandvilleEastbound exit and westbound entrance
24.21538.970258th Avenue, 4 Mile RoadWestbound exit and eastbound entrance; westbound access to M-11
KentWalker26.43042.53526Fruit Ridge Avenue
28.36745.65228Walker Avenue
30.29548.75530
 M-37 north (Alpine Avenue) – Newaygo		Western end of M-37 concurrency; signed as exits 30A (south) and 30B (north) westbound
30.711–
31.440		49.425–
50.598		31 US 131 (I-296 south) – Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Big Rapids, CadillacSigned as exits 31A (south) and 31B (north)
Grand Rapids33.06353.21033

 Conn. M-44 north (Plainfield Avenue)
36.53358.79436Leonard Street
37.07359.66337 I-196 (Gerald R. Ford Freeway) – Downtown Grand Rapids, HollandWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
37.80160.83538

 M-37 south / M-44 (East Belt Line Avenue) to M-21		Eastern end of M-37 concurrency
Grand Rapids Township38.687–
38.788		62.261–
62.423		39 M-21 – Lowell, FlintEastbound exit and westbound entrance
40.01464.39640Cascade Road – CascadeSigned as exits 40A (west) and 40B (east); former US 16
Cascade Township42.98669.17943
 M-11 west (28th Street) – Cascade		Signed as exits 43A (west) and 43B (east)
44.165–
44.174		71.077–
71.091		4436th StreetSigned as access to Gerald R. Ford International Airport
45.776–
46.015		73.669–
74.054		46

 M-6 west to M-37 – Holland
Lowell Township52.30384.17452
 M-50 east – Charlotte, Lowell
IoniaBoston Township58.91294.81059Saranac, Clarksville
Berlin Township64.429103.68864Saranac, Lake Odessa
67.427108.51367 M-66 – Ionia, Battle Creek
Orange Township73.291117.95073Portland Road, Grand River Avenue – Lyons, Muir
Portland76.071122.42476Kent Street
77.493124.71377Grand River Avenue – PortlandFormer BS I-96
ClintonEagle83.617134.56984Westphalia, Eagle
Eagle Township86.273138.84386
 M-100 south (Wright Road) – Grand Ledge
Watertown Township89.670144.31089
 I-69 east – Flint		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
90.040144.90590
 BL I-96 east (Grand River Avenue)
90.466145.59191
 I-69 east – Flint		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; western end of I-69 concurrency
EatonDelta Township93.118149.85993
 M-43 / BL I-69 east (Saginaw Highway) – Grand Ledge		Signed as exits 93A (west) and 93B (east)
94.579–
94.815		152.210–
152.590		95
 I-496 east – Downtown Lansing		Western terminus of I-496
96.667–
96.687		155.570–
155.603		97
 I-69 south – Charlotte, Fort Wayne		Eastern end of I-69 concurrency
Windsor Township97.847–
97.858		157.469–
157.487		98Lansing RoadSigned as exits 98A (south) and 98B (north); former US 27
InghamLansing101.425163.228101 M-99 (M L King Boulevard) – Eaton Rapids
104.395–
104.404		168.007–
168.022		104
 BL I-96 west (Cedar Street) – Holt
Delhi Township106.490–
106.518		171.379–
171.424		106
 I-496 west / US 127 – Jackson, East Lansing, Downtown Lansing		Signed as exits 106A (south) and 106B (north); eastern terminus of I-496
Alaiedon Township109.732176.597110Okemos, Mason
Wheatfield Township117.504189.104117Dansville, WilliamstonSigned as exits 117A (Dansville) and 117B (Williamston) eastbound
Webberville121.914196.202122 M-43 / M-52 – Webberville, Stockbridge
LivingstonFowlerville128.493206.789129Fowlerville
Howell Township133.305214.534133
 M-59 / BL I-96 east (Highland Road) – Howell, Pontiac
Howell136.799220.157137 D-19 – Howell, Pinckney
Genoa Township140.113225.490Latson RoadAnnounced on July 19, 2012[58]
141.218227.268141
 BL I-96 west – Howell		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Brighton145.130233.564145Grand River Avenue – Brighton
Brighton Township146.768236.200147Spencer Road – Brighton
147.578–
147.755		237.504–
237.789		148 US 23 – Ann Arbor, FlintSigned as exits 148A (south) and 148B (north)
149.458240.529150Pleasant Valley RoadWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
151.056243.101151Kensington Road
OaklandLyon Township152.887246.048153Kent Lake Road – South Lyon
154.900249.287155New Hudson, South Lyon, MilfordSigned as exits 155A (New Hudson) and 155B (Milford) westbound
Wixom159.236256.266159Wixom Road – Wixom, Walled Lake
Novi160.299–
160.313		257.976–
257.999		160Beck Road – Novi
162.413261.378162Walled Lake, Novi, Northville
163.381262.936163
 I-696 east (Reuther Freeway) – Port Huron

 M-5 eastModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated

 I-275 south		Northern end of I-275 concurrency; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
163.818263.640164
 M-5 northModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
Farmington Hills164.964265.484165
 I-696 east (Reuther Freeway) – Port Huron
M-5Module:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Oakland–Wayne
county line		Farmington Hills–
Livonia city line		167.383269.3771678 Mile Road – Northville
WayneLivonia168.440271.0781697 Mile RoadSigned as exits 169A (west) and 169B (east) westbound
169.438272.6841706 Mile Road
Plymouth Township170.503–
171.610		274.398–
276.180		173
 I-275 south – Toledo

 M-14 west – Ann Arbor		Southern end of I-275 concurrency; no exit number eastbound, exit 30 on I-275 northbound
Livonia172.365277.395173Newburgh Road, Levan RoadSigned as exits 173A (Newburgh Road) and 173B (Levan Road) westbound
174.366280.615174Farmington Road
175.369282.229175Merriman Road
176.374283.846176Middlebelt Road
Redford Township177.372285.453177Inkster Road
178.341287.012178Beech Daly Road
179.303–
179.345		288.560–
288.628		179 US 24 (Telegraph Road)
Detroit180.328–
180.355		290.210–
290.253		180Outer Drive
180.465290.430Western end of express lanes
181.488292.077182Evergreen Road
182.527–
182.559		293.749–
293.800		183 M-39 (Southfield Freeway)Additional westbound exit and eastbound entrance on the express lanes
183.505–
183.515		295.323–
295.339		184Greenfield Road
184.575–
184.700		297.045–
297.246		185Schaefer Highway, Grand River Avenue (M-5 north)
185.579–
185.586		298.660–
298.672		186AWyoming Avenue
185.935–
186.141		299.233–
299.565		186BDavison Avenue (M-8)
186.362299.921Eastern end of express lanes
186.996300.941187Grand River AvenueEastbound exit and westbound entrance
187.452–
187.880		301.675–
302.364		188Livernois Avenue, West Chicago Avenue, Joy RoadSigned as exits 188A (Livernois Avenue, West Chicago Avenue) and 188B (Joy Road) westbound
189.070–
189.107		304.279–
304.338		189Tireman Avenue, West Grand Boulevard
189.791–
189.818		305.439–
305.482		190A I-94 (Edsel Ford Freeway) – Port Huron, Chicago
190.093305.925190BWarren Avenue
190.857–
191.233		307.155–
307.760		191 US 12 (Michigan Avenue)Module:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated
190.933307.277—
 I-75 north (Fisher Freeway) – Flint
M-10 (Lodge Freeway) – Civic Center		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
191.466308.135192AVernor HighwayEastbound exit and westbound entrance
191.966308.939192BBridge to CanadaEastbound exit and westbound entrance
192.032309.046—
 I-75 south (Fisher Freeway) – Toledo		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Auxiliary routes

I-96 has four auxiliary routes, connecting the freeway to downtowns and other cities. I-196 is a relatively long freeway spur, beginning at I-96 east of downtown Grand Rapids and heading west through downtown to Holland, and then south to I-94 near Benton Harbor.[8] The unsigned I-296 connects I-96 north of downtown Grand Rapids with I-196 in downtown,[2] and is signed as US 131. I-496 is a loop through downtown Lansing, which I-96 bypasses to the south, and I-696 is a northern bypass of Detroit, connecting I-96 in Novi with I-75 in Royal Oak and I-94 in St. Clair Shores.[8]

I-96 presently has two business routes: a loop through Lansing and a loop through Howell.[8] Both follow the old route of US 16,[64] with appropriate connections to I-96.[8] A spur into Muskegon once existed, running concurrently with part of BUS US 31 along former US 16,[65] but it has been eliminated. Two routes in the Detroit area—a loop through Farmington and a spur into Detroit—both using Grand River Avenue, and meeting at the temporary end of I-96 near Purdue Avenue, were eliminated when I-96 was moved to the completed Jeffries Freeway in 1977.[66] On October 31, 2007, a spur into Portland was decommissioned and transferred to the City of Portland.[67]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ FHWA's Route Log and Finder List documents the length of I-275 as 29.97 miles (48.23 km),[12] which corresponds to the length from I-75 to the southern I-96 junction.[2] It also omits any mention of an overlap with I-96 from its notes.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b "New Highway Signs". Holland Evening Sentinel. February 25, 1959. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e MDOT Physical Reference Finder Application (Map). Cartography by Michigan Center for Geographic Information. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2003. Retrieved October 1, 2007. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ Bureau of Transportation Planning (2008). "Traffic Monitoring Information System". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  4. ^ National Highway System, Michigan (PDF) (Map). Cartography by MDOT. Michigan Department of Transportation. April 23, 2006. Retrieved October 7, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike; Adderley, Kevin (September 26, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved January 1, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Michigan Legislature (2001). "Michigan Memorial Highway Act (Excerpt) Act 142 of 2001, 250.1098 Rosa Parks Memorial Highway". State of Michigan. Retrieved August 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  7. ^ a b Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, MI: Priscilla Press. pp. 120–1. ISBN 1-886167-24-9.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n State Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:15 mi / 1 cm:9 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2012. § K8–M13.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Google (July 20, 2012). "Overview Map of Interstate 96" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  10. ^ Staff (August 15, 2011). "The Story of the 13 Weatherball". Walker, MI: WZZM-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ a b c d e State Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:2,5 mi / 1 cm:1.75 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 2012. Detroit Area inset. § C3–C7, C7–E7, E7–E11.
  12. ^ a b DeSimone, Tony (October 31, 2002). "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  13. ^ The Road Atlas (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally. Rand McNally. 2013. p. 52. Detroit & Vicinity inset. § H3–J3. ISBN 0-528-00626-6.
  14. ^ Gavrilovich, Peter; McGraw, Bill (2000). The Detroit Almanac: 300 Years of Life in the Motor City. Detroit: Detroit Free Press. pp. 20–1. ISBN 978-0-937247-34-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Woodard, Sadie G. (1966). Grand River Road: A Traveler's View of a Historic Route that Traversed Early Michigan. Lansing, MI: Plane Tree Press. p. 12. OCLC 433271.
  16. ^ Staff. "Part I: An Indian Trail". History: The River Road. Wayne County Department of Public Services. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)
  17. ^ Staff. "Part II: A Military Road". History: The River Road. Wayne County Department of Public Services. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)
  18. ^ Michigan Legislature (1915). "Chapter 91: State Reward Trunk Line Highways". In Shields, Edmund C.; Black, Cyrenius P.; Broomfield, Archibald (eds.). The Compiled Laws of the State of Michigan, Volume I. Lansing, MI: Wynkoop, Hallenbeck, Crawford. pp. 1868–72. OCLC 44724558. Retrieved January 24, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "Michigan May Do Well Following Wisconsin's Road Marking System". The Grand Rapids Press. September 20, 1919. p. 10. OCLC 9975013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ State of Michigan: Lower Peninsula (Map). Cartography by MSHD. Michigan State Highway Department. July 1, 1919. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, MI: Priscilla Press. p. 93. ISBN 1-886167-24-9.
  22. ^ United States System of Highways (PDF) (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. November 11, 1926. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  23. ^ Routes of the Recommended Interregional Highway System (Map). Public Roads Administration. c. 1943. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  24. ^ National System of Interstate Highways (Map). Public Roads Administration. August 2, 1947. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  25. ^ Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). American Association of State Highway Officials. August 14, 1957. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  26. ^ Staff (April 25, 1958). "Recommended Numbering: Interstate Highways in Michigan". Michigan State Highway Department. Archived from the original on November 21, 2003. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help)
  27. ^ Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). American Association of State Highway Officials. June 27, 1958. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  28. ^ "Spring to Bring Debut for Interstate Road Numbering". The Herald-Press. St. Joseph, Michigan. Associated Press. January 8, 1959. p. 5. OCLC 10117184. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ "Road Plans Revised". Holland Evening Sentinel. June 30, 1956. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ Kelley, Frank E. (June 29, 2006). "Meeting Minutes" (PDF). Michigan State Transportation Commission. Retrieved May 10, 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  31. ^ "Expressway to be Opened by Dec. 13". Ironwood Daily Globe. Associated Press. December 6, 1957. p. 10. Retrieved July 20, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  32. ^ "Detroit–Lansing–Muskegon Freeway, Third Freeway Completed". Holland Evening Sentinel. December 8, 1962. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  33. ^ "Drop US 16 Designation". Holland Evening Sentinel. April 14, 1962. p. 2. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ Road Atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico (Map). Rand McNally. 1964. OCLC 15749789.
  35. ^ "Muskegon Freeway Link Number Change Sought". Holland Evening Sentinel. August 24, 1963. p. 1. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ "New Numbers Seen for Road". Holland Evening Sentinel. October 23, 1963. p. 4. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  37. ^ "Lodge Road to be Opened". Holland Evening Sentinel. October 28, 1964. p. 5. OCLC 13440201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ a b Kulsea, Bill; Shawver, Tom (1980). Making Michigan Move: A History of Michigan Highways and the Michigan Department of Transportation. Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of Transportation. p. 27. OCLC 8169232. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ Andrews, W. Earle. (1945). Detroit Expressway and Transit System. New York: Detroit Transportation Board. OCLC 7195393.
  40. ^ "Detroit will stay accessible during I-75 shutdown". The Detroit News. January 18, 1999. ISSN 1055-2715. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ Malo, Alger F. (1961). "The Relation of Mass Transportation to Total Transportation in Detroit". Traffic Quarterly. 15 (1). New York: Eno Foundation for Highway Traffic Control: 226–41. ISSN 0041-0713. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  42. ^ Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1970. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E8.
  43. ^ Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1971. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E8.
  44. ^ Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways. 1973. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E7–E8.
  45. ^ Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. 1974. Detroit and Vicinity inset. § E7–E8.
  46. ^ Milliken, William (1975). Economic Report of the Governor (Report). Lansing, MI: Office of the Governor. p. 37.
  47. ^ Official Transportation Map (Map) (1978–79 ed.). 1 in:2.5 mi. Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation. 1978. Detroit Area inset. § D5, E5–E5.
  48. ^ General Location of National System of Interstate Highways Including All Additional Routes at Urban Areas Designated in September 1955 (Yellow Book) (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. 1955. Detroit, Michigan inset. OCLC 4165975. Retrieved September 6, 2010. {{cite map}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  49. ^ Staff (1964). I-96 Freeway Planning and Route Location Study, City of Detroit, Volume 1 (Report). Lansing, MI: Michigan State Highway Department. p. 20.
  50. ^ Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1984. § L11.
  51. ^ Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1985. § L11.
  52. ^ Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1986. § L11.
  53. ^ Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:14.5 mi / 1 in:23 km. Michigan Department of Transportation. 1987. § L11.
  54. ^ Debnar, Kari; Bott, Mark (January 14, 2002). "US 27 Designation Soon To Be Deleted from Michigan Highways" (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 23, 2002. Retrieved March 14, 2012. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Kalousdian, Aram (August 7, 2004). "Single Point Interchange Under Construction". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (subscription required)
  56. ^ Bloemendaal, Dirk C. (September 2, 2006). "Interchange Improves Traffic Flow". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information, Inc. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (subscription required)
  57. ^ Kalousdian, Aram (November 3, 2008). "Wixom/I-96 Interchange Reconstructed". Michigan Contractor and Builder. Reed Business Information. OCLC 761993683. Retrieved July 21, 2012. (subscription required)
  58. ^ a b Greenwood, Tom (July 19, 2012). "$32M Interchange Project OK'd for I-96 in Livingston County". The Detroit News. ISSN 1055-2715. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  59. ^ Phillips, Lauren (January 20, 2005). "Police Continue Investigation of Massive I-96 Accident". The State News. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University. OCLC 6678066. Retrieved September 2, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  60. ^ Dolan, Matthew (October 30, 2012). "Drivers Fear Sniper May Prowl Michigan Highway". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 30, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  61. ^ Web Staff (October 29, 2012). "$102,000 Reward for Information Leading to I-96 Area Shooter". Detroit: WXYZ-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  62. ^ Dougovito, Lori (November 6, 2012). "Task Force Confirms Suspect Arrested in Highway Shootings". Flint, MI: WJRT-TV. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  63. ^ Grand Region (November 25, 2006). "2007–2011 Five-Year Transportation Plan" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2006. Retrieved February 14, 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= (help)
  64. ^ Official Highway Map (Map). Michigan State Highway Department. 1958. § L11, L12. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)
  65. ^ Ohio and Michigan Tourgide Map (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally & Company. Gulf. 1971. OCLC 42876877.
  66. ^ Tourgide: United States, Canada and Mexico (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally & Company. Gulf. 1977.
  67. ^ Staff (October 31, 2007). "Contract Number 103107". Michigan Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 2, 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help) (registration required)
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