List of Mongol states: Difference between revisions
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*[[image:Flag of the Mongol Empire.svg|20px]] [[Mongol Empire]] — 1206–1271 (1368); 33,000,000 km<sup>2</sup><ref name="empire"/><ref>Morgan. The Mongols. p. 5.</ref> |
*[[image:Flag of the Mongol Empire.svg|20px]] [[Mongol Empire]] — 1206–1271 (1368); 33,000,000 km<sup>2</sup><ref name="empire"/><ref>Morgan. The Mongols. p. 5.</ref> |
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**[[Yuan Dynasty]] — 1271–1368; 14,000,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1310)<ref name="Taagepera">Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.</ref> |
**[[Yuan Dynasty]] — 1271–1368; 14,000,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1310)<ref name="Taagepera">Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.</ref> |
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**[[image:Flag of Golden Horde-2-.svg|20px]] [[Golden Horde]] — 1240–1502; 6,000,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1310)<ref name="empire"/>{{see also|List of Khans of the Golden Horde|Hordes of the Jochid Ulus}} |
**[[image:Flag of Golden Horde-2-.svg|20px]] [[Golden Horde]] — 1240–1502; 6,000,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1310)<ref name="empire"/>{{see also|List of |
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**[[Giray dynasty]] 1427 until its downfall in 1783 |
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Khans of the Golden Horde|Hordes of the Jochid Ulus}} |
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***[[Great Horde]] — 1466–1502 |
***[[Great Horde]] — 1466–1502 |
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**[[image:Flag of the Chagatai Khanate.svg|20px]] [[Chagatai Khanate]] — 1225 - mid-14th century; 3,500,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1310)<ref name="empire"/><ref name="Taagepera"/>{{see also|List of Chagatai khans}} |
**[[image:Flag of the Chagatai Khanate.svg|20px]] [[Chagatai Khanate]] — 1225 - mid-14th century; 3,500,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1310)<ref name="empire"/><ref name="Taagepera"/>{{see also|List of Chagatai khans}} |
Revision as of 11:59, 15 September 2014
Mongols established many states such as Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Nirun, the Khitan and the Mongol Empire from the 3rd century BC. The name Mongol appeared in the 7th century but it's doesn't mean that Mongol ethnicity originated in this time.
This is a list of Mongol states. 'Mongolia' is understood in the broader historical sense (see Greater Mongolia and Mongolian plateau). The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.
Ancient and postclassical states
- Bida state (Our state)[1]
- Xiongnu
- Zhongshan (state) — 6th century - 296 BC
- Xiongnu — 209 BC – 93 AD; 4,030,000 km2 (176 BC)[2]
- Üeban — 160-490
- Han Zhao (Former Han) — 304–329; 2,000,000 km2 (316)[3]
- Xia state — 407–431
- Northern Liang — 397–460
- Xianbeis
- Xianbei state — 93-234
- Murong Xianbei — 181–233
- Southern Liang — 397–414
- Western Qin — 385–431
- Former Yan — 337–370
- Western Yan — 384–394
- Murong Later Yan — 384–409
- Murong Tuyuhun Kingdom — 284–672
- Tuoba Xianbeis
- Dai state — 315–377
- Northern Wei Dynasty — 386–535; 2,000,000 km2 (450)[3]
- Eastern Wei — 534–550; 1,000,000 km2 (550)[3]
- Western Wei — 535–557; 1,300,000 km2 (557)[3]
- Northern Zhou — 557–581; 1,500,000 km2 (577)[3]
- Tuoba Xianbeis
- Nirun Khaganate (Rouran Khaganate) — 300–555; 4,000,000 km2 (405)
- Khitans
- Khitan Empire (Liao dynasty) — 907–1125; 2,600,000 km2 (947),[4][5] 4,000,000 km2 (1111)
- Dongdan Kingdom — 926–936
- Northern Liao — 1122–1123
- Kara-Khitan Khanate — 1124/1125–1221; 2,500,000 km2 (1210)[4]
- Khar-Khitan Sultanate — 1220s–1306
- Tatabis (Kumo Xi)
- Great Xi — 1123
- Mongol khanates — 12th century
- Khamag Mongol Khanate — 1120s–1206
- Merkit Khanate — 11th - mid 12th century
- Khereid Khanate — 10th century–1203
- Naiman Khanate
- Tatar Khanate — 9th century? – mid-12th century
- Mongol Empire — 1206–1271 (1368); 33,000,000 km2[4][6]
- Yuan Dynasty — 1271–1368; 14,000,000 km2 (1310)[5]
- Golden Horde — 1240–1502; 6,000,000 km2 (1310)[4]
- Giray dynasty 1427 until its downfall in 1783
Khans of the Golden Horde]] and Hordes of the Jochid Ulus
- Great Horde — 1466–1502
- Chagatai Khanate — 1225 - mid-14th century; 3,500,000 km2 (1310)[4][5]
- Western Chagatai Khanate
- Moghulistan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate)
- Kara Del — 1383–1513
- Ilkhanate — 1256–1388; 3,750,000 km2 (1310)[4][5]
- Chobanids — 1335–1357
- Jalayirid Sultanate — 1335–1432
- Injuids — 1335–1357
- Arghun dynasty — 1479?–1599?
- Genghisid Mongolian Khaganate (State of Mongolia, Northern Yuan) — 1368–1691; 5,000,000 km2 (1550)[5]
- Oirats
- Four Oirat — 1399–1634; 1,200,000 km2, (14th-16th centuries); ~1,800,000 km2 (early 17th century)
- Non-Genghisid Zunghar Khanate — 1634–1758; ~ 3,500,000 — 4,000,000 km2
- Khoshut Khanate — 1642-1717; ~1,400,000 km2
- Khotogoid Khanate — late 16th century – late 17th century
- Kalmyk Khanate — 1630-1771
Modern states
- Buryat's Balagad state — 1919–1926, in Kizhinginsky District, Buryatia[7][8][9][10]
- Republic of Southern Mongolia — 1945, in Inner Mongolia[11]
- Republic of Oirad-Kalmyk — 1930, in Kalmykia[12]
- State of Mongolia (Bogd Khaganate) — 1911-1924
- People's Republic of Mongolia — 1924–1992
- Mongolia — 1992–present; 1,564,115.75 km2
Autonomous areas
In Russia
Autonomous regions and countries:
- State of Buryat-Mongolia (1917–1921)
- Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Oblast (1922–1923)
- Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast (1921–1923)
- Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1958)
- Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1958–1992)
- Republic of Buryatia (1992–present)
- Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (1920–1935), (1957–1958)
- Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1935–1943), (1958–1990)
- Kalmyk Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1992)
- Kalmyk Republic-Halmg-Tangch (1992–1994)
- Kalmyk Republic (1994–present)
Autonomous prefectures:
- Agin-Buryat Okrug (1937–2008)
- Ust-Orda Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Okrug (1937–1958)
- Ust-Orda Buryat National Okrug (1958–1978)
- Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug (1978–2008)
In China
Autonomous regions and countries:
- Mengjiang, an autonomous state, (1936–1945)
- Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region (1947–present)
Autonomous counties and prefectures:
- Subei Mongol Autonomous County (Gansu Province)
- Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County (Hebei Province)
- Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County (Heilongjiang Province)
- Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (Jilin Province)
- Harqin Left Mongol Autonomous County (Liaoning Province)
- Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County (Liaoning)
- Henan Mongol Autonomous County (Qinghai Province)
- Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Qinghai)
- Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (Xinjiang region)
- Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (Xinjiang)
- Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County (Xinjiang)
See also
- History of Mongolia
- Proto-Mongols
- Timeline of Mongolian history
- List of Mongol rulers
- Flag of Mongolia
- Emblem of Mongolia
- List of heads of state of Mongolia
- List of largest empires
- List of sovereign states by date of formation
Maps
-
Xiongnu, in 205 BCE
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Xianbei Empire under Tanshihuai (141–181)
-
Nirun Khaganate c.500
-
Nirun Khaganate (Rouran), Northern Wei, Tuyuhun Kingdom, Southern Liang, Later Yan, Üeban and Northern Liang, 400 AD
-
Khitan Empire c. 1000
-
Mongol Empire c.1207
-
Golden Horde (yellow), the Chagatai Khanate (gray), Great Yuan (green) and the Ilkhanate (purple) c.1300
-
Mongolian Khaganate, Zunghar Khanate, Khoshut Khanate, Khotogoid Khanate, Kalmyk Khanate and Moghulistan, XIV-XVIII
-
Bogd Khaganate in 1915
References
- ^ The Blue Chronicle, Vanchinbalyn Injinash
- ^ Claudio Cioffi-Revilla, J. Daniel Rogers, Steven P. Wilcox, & Jai Alterman, "Computing the Steppes: Data Analysis for Agent-Based Modeling of Polities in Inner Asia", Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the Amer. Pol. Sci. Assoc., Boston, Massachusetts, p. 8 August 28–31, (2008).
- ^ a b c d e f Rein Taagepera "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.", Social Science History Vol. 3, 115-138 (1979)
- ^ a b c d e f g Jonathan M. Adams, Thomas D. Hall and Peter Turchin (2006). East-West Orientation of Historical Empires.Journal of World-Systems Research (University of Connecticut). 12 (no. 2): 219–229.
- ^ a b c d e Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.
- ^ Morgan. The Mongols. p. 5.
- ^ Бидия Дандарон (Russian)
- ^ Балагатское движение (Russian)
- ^ Теократическое движение в Хоринском ведомстве Бурятии :1919–1926 гг. (Russian)
- ^ БАЛАГАТСКОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ (Russian)
- ^ Бүгд Найрамдах Өвөр Монгол улсын учир (Mongolian)
- ^ Халимагийн эмгэнэлт түүхээс (Mongolian)
Bibliography
- Weiers, Michael (ed.) (1986): Die Mongolen. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
- Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross - The Tarikh-i-rashidi
- Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
- Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
- William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov - Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system