Kherson: Difference between revisions
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|native_name = Херсон |
|native_name = Херсон {{uk icon}} |
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'''Kherson''' ({{Lang-uk |
'''Kherson''' ({{Lang-uk|Херсо́н}}) is a city in southern [[Ukraine]]. It is the [[Capital city|administrative center]] of the [[Kherson Oblast]] ([[Oblast|province]]), and is designated as its own separate [[raion]] (district) within the oblast. Kherson is an important port on the [[Black Sea]] and [[Dnieper River]], and the home of a major [[ship-building]] industry. Estimated population as of 2007 was 329,000. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Revision as of 17:00, 23 September 2014
Kherson
Херсон Template:Uk icon | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Country Oblast Municipality City Rayons | Ukraine Kherson Oblast Kherson City Dneprovski rayon Suvorovski rayon Komsomolski rayon |
| Founded | June 18, 1778 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Volodymyr Mykolayenko (Batkivshchyna)[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 135.7 km2 (52.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2007) | |
| • Total | 358,000 |
| • Density | 2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 73000 |
| Area code | +380 552 |
| Sister cities | Rzeszów |
| Website | www.city.kherson.ua |
Kherson (Ukrainian: Херсо́н) is a city in southern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kherson Oblast (province), and is designated as its own separate raion (district) within the oblast. Kherson is an important port on the Black Sea and Dnieper River, and the home of a major ship-building industry. Estimated population as of 2007 was 329,000.
History
Until 1774, the region belonged to the Crimean Khanate. Kherson was founded in 1778 by Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin, on the orders of Catherine the Great. The city was built under the supervision of General Ivan Gannibal on the site of a small fortress called Aleksanderschanz. The name Kherson is a contraction of Chersonesos, an ancient Greek colony founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimea. One of the first buildings in the Kherson Fort was the Church of St. Catherine where Potemkin was eventually buried. The last tarpan was caught near Kherson in 1866.[citation needed] During World War II, Kherson was occupied by the German Army from August 21, 1941 to March 13, 1944.
Demographics
As of Ukrainian National Census (2001), the ethnic groups living within Kherson are:
- Ukrainians – 76.6%
- Russians – 20.0%
- Other – 3.4%
The ethnic groups living within Kherson as of the 1926 Census:
- Ukrainians – 36%
- Russians – 36%
- Jews – 25%
- Other – 3%
Population
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1790 | 24,000 |
| 1926 | 58,000 |
| 1939 | 97,000 |
| 1959 | 158,000 |
| 1981 | 361,000 |
| 2004 | 354,000 |
| 2007 | 329,000 |
Administrative divisions
There are three city raions. Two of them still carry mark of a colonial city of Russia.[citation needed]
- Dnipro Raion, named after the Dnieper river.
- Komsomol Raion, named after the Russian Communist youth organization, Komsomol.
- Suvorov Raion, named after the Russian General Suvorov.
Climate
| Climate data for Kherson | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
40.7 (105.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
2.2 (36.0) |
7.7 (45.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.4 (79.5) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
3.2 (37.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.5 (23.9) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.3 (−15.3) |
−24.4 (−11.9) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.1) |
30 (1.2) |
29 (1.1) |
32 (1.3) |
39 (1.5) |
52 (2.0) |
44 (1.7) |
35 (1.4) |
42 (1.7) |
32 (1.3) |
38 (1.5) |
33 (1.3) |
435 (17.1) |
| Average precipitation days | 8 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 112 |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[2] | |||||||||||||
Transport
Air
Kherson is served by Kherson International Airport providing both passport and customs control. It operates a 2,500 x 42-meter concrete runway, accommodating Boeing 737, Airbus 319/320 aircraft, and helicopters of all series.
The official airport website is http://www.airport.kherson.ua and additional info can be found at http://www.aisukraine.net. The tel no is +380 552 33-71-87.
Rail
Kherson has railroad connections to Kiev and Lviv.
Education
- Kherson state agrarian university
- Kherson state university
- Kherson national technical university
- International University of Business and Law
Main sights
- The Church of St. Catherine was built in the 1780s, supposedly to Ivan Starov's designs, and contains the tomb of Prince Potemkin.
- Jewish cemetery – Kershon has a large Jewish community which was established in the mid 19th century.[3] From 1959 until 1990 there was no synagogue in Kherson. Since then, both Jewish life and Kherson have really grown and developed in an atmosphere of peace.[4] Nevertheless, the Jewish cemetery has regularly suffered from acts of vandalism. The graves have been repeatedly covered with trash and the tombstones destroyed and desecrated. On April 6, 2012, an act of vandalism, at the Jewish cemetery, occurred on the most important festival in the Jewish calendar, the festival of Passover. The fire, which was set, immediately spread over an area of about 700 square meters and caused severe damage to the graves and tombstones.[5]
- Kherson TV Tower – is a famous construction located in the city.
- Adziogol Lighthouse, hyperboloid structure designed by V.G.Shukhov, 1911
Notable people
- Georgy Arbatov (1923–2010), political scientist.[6]
- Sergei Bondarchuk, Soviet, Ukrainian-born film director, screenwriter, and actor.
- Lev Davidovitch Bronstein, better known as Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist was born in Kherson in 1879.
- Abram Petrovich Gannibal, founder of the city
- Yefim Golïshev (1897–1970) Painter and composer associated with the Dada movement in Berlin.
- Nikolai Grinko, Ukrainian Soviet-era film actor
- John Howard (died in Kherson in 1790)
- Mircea Ionescu-Quintus, a Romanian politician, writer, and jurist
- Evgeny Kucherevsky, Ukrainian football coach of Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk (died 2006)
- Larisa Latynina, a Soviet gymnast who was the first female athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals
- Tatiana Lysenko, a Soviet and Ukrainian gymnast who won the gold medal on the balance beam at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
- Sergei Polunin, Ukrainian ballet dancer
- Grigory Potyomkin, founder of the city
- Salomon Rosenblum, later known as Lieutenant Sidney Reilly, a secret agent and international adventurer and playboy who was at one time employed by the British Secret Intelligence Service. He is reputed to be the real inspiration for Ian Fleming's spy character, James Bond.
- Moshe Sharett, the second Prime Minister of Israel (1953–1955)
- Sergei Stanishev, Ex-Prime Minister of Bulgaria
- Alexander Suvorov, founder of the city
- Mikhail Yemtsev, science fiction writer
References
- ^ http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/206950.html
http://expres.ua/news/2014/05/28/107114-merom-hersonu-oficiyno-stala-lyudyna-ne-dopustyla-separatyzmu-misti-vterla - ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). May 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ "KHERSON". JewishEncyclopedia.com. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
- ^ Zalman, Nelson. "Anti-Semitic Incitement, Poor Economy Have Kherson's Jews Worried". Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
- ^ "Вандалы подпортили светлый еврейский праздник Песах". Bagnet.org. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
- ^ Levy, Clifford J. "Georgi A. Arbatov, a Bridge Between Cold War Superpowers, Is Dead at 87", The New York Times, October 2, 2010. Accessed October 4, 2010.
External links
