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The 2004 documentary ''[[Super Size Me]]'' states that "[o]riginally created from old chickens that can no longer lay eggs, McNuggets are now made from chickens with unusually large breasts. They're stripped from the bone, and ground-up into a sort of 'chicken mash', which is then combined with all sorts of stabilizers and preservatives, pressed into familiar shapes, breaded, deep-fried, freeze-dried, and then shipped to a McDonald's near you." ''Super Size Me'' also alleged inclusion of chemicals such as [[TBHQ]] (a phenolic antioxidant used as a chemical preservative), [[polydimethylsiloxane]] (a type of silicone used as an anti-foaming agent) and other ingredients not used by a typical home cook.<ref name=supersize_me>{{Cite video |people=[[Morgan Spurlock]] |title=[[Super Size Me]] |date=2004}}</ref> This was subsequently restated by CNN.<ref name=not_all_equal>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=David|title=All McNuggets not created equal|url=http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2010/06/25/a-tale-of-2-nuggets/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2 December 2010|date=25 June 2010}}</ref> Marion Nestle, a [[New York University]] professor and author of ''What to Eat,'' says that the two said ingredients in McNuggets probably pose no health risks. As a general rule, though, she advocates not eating any food with an ingredient that is difficult for one to pronounce.<ref name="not_all_equal"/>
The 2004 documentary ''[[Super Size Me]]'' states that "[o]riginally created from old chickens that can no longer lay eggs, McNuggets are now made from chickens with unusually large breasts. They're stripped from the bone, and ground-up into a sort of 'chicken mash', which is then combined with all sorts of stabilizers and preservatives, pressed into familiar shapes, breaded, deep-fried, freeze-dried, and then shipped to a McDonald's near you." ''Super Size Me'' also alleged inclusion of chemicals such as [[TBHQ]] (a phenolic antioxidant used as a chemical preservative), [[polydimethylsiloxane]] (a type of silicone used as an anti-foaming agent) and other ingredients not used by a typical home cook.<ref name=supersize_me>{{Cite video |people=[[Morgan Spurlock]] |title=[[Super Size Me]] |date=2004}}</ref> This was subsequently restated by CNN.<ref name=not_all_equal>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=David|title=All McNuggets not created equal|url=http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2010/06/25/a-tale-of-2-nuggets/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2 December 2010|date=25 June 2010}}</ref> Marion Nestle, a [[New York University]] professor and author of ''What to Eat,'' says that the two said ingredients in McNuggets probably pose no health risks. As a general rule, though, she advocates not eating any food with an ingredient that is difficult for one to pronounce.<ref name="not_all_equal"/>


As of 2016, dimethylpolysiloxane and TBHQ are listed as ingredients in the McNuggets cooking process.<ref name="ingredient_list">{{cite web|title=McDonald's USA Ingredients Listing for Popular Menu Items |url=http://nutrition.mcdonalds.com/nutritionexchange/ingredientslist.pdf |publisher=McDonalds |accessdate=2 December 2010 |page=5 |date=9 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209191218/http://nutrition.mcdonalds.com/nutritionexchange/ingredientslist.pdf |archivedate=9 December 2010 |df= }}</ref> According to Lisa McComb, a [[media relations]] representative for McDonald's, dimethylpolysiloxane is used as a matter of safety to keep the frying oil from foaming. The chemical is a form of [[silicone]] also used in [[cosmetics]] and [[Silly Putty]]. A review of animal studies by the [[World Health Organization]] found no adverse health effects associated with dimethylpolysiloxane. TBHQ is a common [[preservative]] for vegetable oils, cereals, nuts, cookies, chips and animal fats,<ref>{{cite web|title=TBHQ&nbsp;— The most effective choice for vegetable oils|url=http://www.shreeadditives.com/htmlsite/5e.htm}}</ref> found in other foods like [[Girl Scout Cookies]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nutrition Information for Girl Scout Cookies|url=http://www.buygirlscoutcookies.com/nutrition.html}}</ref> and Quaker [[Chewy Granola Bars]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Quaker Chewy Granola Bars&nbsp;— Chocolate Chip Nutritional Information|url=http://www.quakeroats.com/products/oat-snacks/chewy-granola/variety-pack/variety-pack-nutrition.aspx}}</ref> The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] sets an upper limit of 0.02% of the oil or fat content in foods,<ref name=CFR>{{cite web|url=http://law.justia.com/cfr/title21/21-3.0.1.1.3.2.1.18.html |title=21 C.F.R. § 172.185 |publisher=Law.justia.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref> which like other foods, applies to the oil used in McNuggets. Effective use of TBHQ is 1&nbsp;gram per 5000&nbsp;grams of cooking oil (1&nbsp;gram per 11.023&nbsp;pounds of cooking oil).
As of 2016, dimethylpolysiloxane and TBHQ are listed as ingredients in the McNuggets cooking process.<ref name="ingredient_list">{{cite web|title=McDonald's USA Ingredients Listing for Popular Menu Items |url=http://nutrition.mcdonalds.com/nutritionexchange/ingredientslist.pdf |publisher=McDonalds |accessdate=2 December 2010 |page=5 |date=9 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209191218/http://nutrition.mcdonalds.com/nutritionexchange/ingredientslist.pdf |archivedate=9 December 2010 |df= }}</ref> According to Lisa McComb, a [[media relations]] representative for McDonald's, dimethylpolysiloxane is used as a matter of safety to keep the frying oil from foaming. The chemical is a form of [[silicone]] also used in [[cosmetics]] and [[Silly Putty]]. A review of animal studies by the [[World Health Organization]] found no adverse health effects associated with dimethylpolysiloxane. TBHQ is a common [[preservative]] for vegetable oils, cereals, nuts, cookies, chips and animal fats,<ref>{{cite web|title=TBHQ&nbsp;— The most effective choice for vegetable oils|url=http://www.shreeadditives.com/htmlsite/5e.htm|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425153106/http://www.shreeadditives.com/htmlsite/5e.htm|archivedate=2012-04-25|df=}}</ref> found in other foods like [[Girl Scout Cookies]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nutrition Information for Girl Scout Cookies|url=http://www.buygirlscoutcookies.com/nutrition.html}}</ref> and Quaker [[Chewy Granola Bars]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Quaker Chewy Granola Bars&nbsp;— Chocolate Chip Nutritional Information|url=http://www.quakeroats.com/products/oat-snacks/chewy-granola/variety-pack/variety-pack-nutrition.aspx}}</ref> The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] sets an upper limit of 0.02% of the oil or fat content in foods,<ref name=CFR>{{cite web|url=http://law.justia.com/cfr/title21/21-3.0.1.1.3.2.1.18.html |title=21 C.F.R. § 172.185 |publisher=Law.justia.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref> which like other foods, applies to the oil used in McNuggets. Effective use of TBHQ is 1&nbsp;gram per 5000&nbsp;grams of cooking oil (1&nbsp;gram per 11.023&nbsp;pounds of cooking oil).


==McNugget numbers==
==McNugget numbers==

Revision as of 19:50, 4 August 2017

This article is about the version of the product sold at McDonald's restaurants. For chicken nuggets in general, see Chicken nugget.
Chicken McNuggets
Chicken McNuggets
Nutritional value per 10 pieces (162 g) No sauce
Energy440 kcal (1,800 kJ)
30 g (10%)
Sugars0 g
Dietary fiber2 g
30 g (44%)
Saturated5 g (25%)
22 g
Vitamins and minerals
VitaminsQuantity
%DV†
Vitamin A equiv.
0%
0 μg
Vitamin C
2%
2 mg
MineralsQuantity
%DV†
Calcium
2%
20 mg
Iron
6%
1 mg
Sodium
39%
900 mg
Other constituentsQuantity
Energy from fat270 kcal (1,100 kJ)
Cholesterol65 mg (22%)
May vary outside United States.
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[1] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[2]
Source: McDonald's Meal Builder

Chicken McNuggets are a type of chicken product offered by international fast-food restaurant chain McDonald's, which they introduced in select markets in 1981,[3] and available nationwide by 1983. They consist of small pieces of processed chicken meat that have been battered and deep fried.[4]

Description and origin

The Chicken McNugget is a small piece of processed chicken meat that is fried in batter and flash-frozen, then shipped out and sold at McDonald's restaurants. It was conceived by Keystone Foods founder Herb Lotman in the late 1970s.[5][6]

McDonald's first executive chef, René Arend, created the Chicken McNuggets recipe in 1979. "The McNuggets were so well-received that every franchise wanted them", said Arend in a 2009 interview. "There wasn't a system to supply enough chicken".[7] Supply problems were solved by 1983, and Chicken McNuggets became available nationwide.[8]

According to McDonald's, the nuggets come in four shapes: the bell, the bow-tie, the ball and the boot.[9]

Ingredients

As of August 1, 2016, the ingredients within the United States are as follows: White boneless chicken, water, salt, seasoning (yeast extract, salt, wheat starch, natural flavoring, safflower oil, lemon juice solids, dextrose, citric acid), sodium phosphates. Battered and breaded with water, enriched flour (bleached wheat flour, niacin, reduced iron, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid), yellow corn flour, bleached wheat flour, salt, leavening (baking soda, sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodium aluminum phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, calcium lactate), spices, wheat starch, dextrose, corn starch. Prepared in vegetable oil (canola oil, corn oil, soybean oil, hydrogenated soybean oil) with TBHQ and citric acid as preservatives and dimethylpolysiloxane as an anti-foaming agent. McDonald's ingredients can vary outside of the US. McDonald's announced that its Chicken McNuggets are now free of artificial preservatives, a change that the fast food giant has been working on for about a year.[10]

Sale

Chicken McNuggets are sold in various portion sizes depending on the country of purchase. In the United States, they come in packs of 4, 6, 10, 20, 40 and 50 (in selected stores).[11] In some markets, including the United Kingdom, they are sold in packs of 4 (as part of a Happy Meal), 6, 9 or 20 (as a "ShareBox").[12] In New Zealand and Australia, they are also available in 3-packs in Happy Meals and Heart Foundation-approved "Tick healthy" meals. In Canada, Chicken McNuggets are sold in packs of 4 (as part of a Happy Meal.), 6, 10, and 20. A 50-piece McNuggets meal deal has been promoted at times for special events such as the NFL's Super Bowl.[13]

McNuggets come with a choice of various flavors of dipping sauce (Pure Honey, Tangy Barbeque, Sweet n' Sour, Honey Mustard, Hot Mustard, Spicy Buffalo, Sweet Chili, Curry, Creamy Ranch, Habanero Ranch, and Chipotle Barbecue). Ketchup is also frequently used as a dipping sauce.

They have recently been introduced by McDonald's in India, first as a part of its "Breakfast Meal" and later in the regular menu in May 2009. A halal version of the McNuggets have been sold at two franchises in Dearborn, Michigan, beginning in the early 2000s, bringing in double the average McNuggets sales.[14]

Criticism

In a 2002 lawsuit against McDonald's, a judge commented that Chicken McNuggets are a "McFrankenstein" creation.[15] The judge identified that rather than being merely chicken fried in a pan, McNuggets included elements not utilized by the home cook, including unusual sounding ingredients such as extracts of rosemary, vitamins (niacin, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, and folic acid), and leavening (baking soda, calcium lactate, etc.).[16]

PETA Protestors dressed as chickens demonstrating in New York City's Times Square against how McDonald's kills chickens to make Chicken McNuggets.

The 2004 documentary Super Size Me states that "[o]riginally created from old chickens that can no longer lay eggs, McNuggets are now made from chickens with unusually large breasts. They're stripped from the bone, and ground-up into a sort of 'chicken mash', which is then combined with all sorts of stabilizers and preservatives, pressed into familiar shapes, breaded, deep-fried, freeze-dried, and then shipped to a McDonald's near you." Super Size Me also alleged inclusion of chemicals such as TBHQ (a phenolic antioxidant used as a chemical preservative), polydimethylsiloxane (a type of silicone used as an anti-foaming agent) and other ingredients not used by a typical home cook.[17] This was subsequently restated by CNN.[18] Marion Nestle, a New York University professor and author of What to Eat, says that the two said ingredients in McNuggets probably pose no health risks. As a general rule, though, she advocates not eating any food with an ingredient that is difficult for one to pronounce.[18]

As of 2016, dimethylpolysiloxane and TBHQ are listed as ingredients in the McNuggets cooking process.[19] According to Lisa McComb, a media relations representative for McDonald's, dimethylpolysiloxane is used as a matter of safety to keep the frying oil from foaming. The chemical is a form of silicone also used in cosmetics and Silly Putty. A review of animal studies by the World Health Organization found no adverse health effects associated with dimethylpolysiloxane. TBHQ is a common preservative for vegetable oils, cereals, nuts, cookies, chips and animal fats,[20] found in other foods like Girl Scout Cookies[21] and Quaker Chewy Granola Bars.[22] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration sets an upper limit of 0.02% of the oil or fat content in foods,[23] which like other foods, applies to the oil used in McNuggets. Effective use of TBHQ is 1 gram per 5000 grams of cooking oil (1 gram per 11.023 pounds of cooking oil).

McNugget numbers

Main article: Coin problem § Mcnugget numbers

A mathematical problem, discussed on Eric W. Weisstein's MathWorld[24] and Brady Haran's YouTube channel "Numberphile,"[25] is that of determining the greatest number of McNuggets which cannot be made from any combination of pack sizes on offer. For example, in the UK, McNuggets are sold in boxes of 6, 9 or 20 (excluding Happy Meals). Consequently, the greatest number of McNuggets which cannot be purchased exactly is 43, the Frobenius number of the set {6,9,20}.[24] This means that all natural numbers greater than 43 can be expressed, in some way, as the sum of some multiple of each of 6, 9, and 20. For example, 139 = 5 × 20 + 5 × 6 + 1 × 9.

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chicken McNuggets.
  1. ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  2. ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  3. ^ YouTube/Carson Entertainment Group "Letterman references McNuggets on the Tonight Show". 20 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  4. ^ Popken, Ben (December 9, 2014). "McDonald's shows how McNuggets are really made". CNBC.com. CNBC. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  5. ^ "Keystone Foods". MCDONALD'S. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ "Herb Lotman dies at 80; created system for making McDonald's burgers". LATIMES. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ "The Cult of the McRib". MAXIM. 3 February 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ "History of McDonald's Corporation – FundingUniverse". Fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
  9. ^ "From Chicken to McNuggets – McDonalds". McDonalds.ca. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
  10. ^ "McDonald's Just Made A Big Change to Its Chicken McNuggets". Fortune.com. Retrieved 2016-08-01.
  11. ^ "Chicken McNuggets". McDonald's. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  12. ^ "Chicken". McDonald's. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  13. ^ Aamoth, Doug. "CrunchDeals: 50 piece Chicken McNuggets bucket for $10 this weekend". Crunch Deals. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
  14. ^ "Halal McNuggets a Hit in Detroit". Huda.
  15. ^ Weiser, Benjamin (26 January 2003). "Word for Word/Fast-Food Fracas; Your Honor, We Call Our Next Witness: McFrankenstein". New York Times. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
  16. ^ Weiser, Benjamin (26 January 2003). "Word for Word/Fast-Food Fracas; Your Honor, We Call Our Next Witness: McFrankenstein". The New York Times.
  17. ^ Morgan Spurlock (2004). Super Size Me.
  18. ^ a b Martin, David (25 June 2010). "All McNuggets not created equal". CNN. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
  19. ^ "McDonald's USA Ingredients Listing for Popular Menu Items" (PDF). McDonalds. 9 October 2010. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "TBHQ — The most effective choice for vegetable oils". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Nutrition Information for Girl Scout Cookies".
  22. ^ "Quaker Chewy Granola Bars — Chocolate Chip Nutritional Information".
  23. ^ "21 C.F.R. § 172.185". Law.justia.com. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
  24. ^ a b Weisstein, Eric W. "McNugget Number". MathWorld. Wolfram Research, Inc. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  25. ^ "How to order 43 Chicken McNuggets – Numberphile". Numberphile. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
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