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[[Image:beringia - late wisconsin glaciation.gif|thumb|right|150px|[[Beringia]] land bridge during the [[Late Pleistocene]] [[:en:Last glacial period|last glacial period]].]]
[[Image:beringia - late wisconsin glaciation.gif|thumb|right|150px|[[Beringia]] land bridge during the [[Late Pleistocene]] [[:en:Last glacial period|last glacial period]].]]


The '''Ancient Beringian''' were a population of [[Paleo-Indians]] that diverged from other [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]s about 20,000 years ago.<ref name="Nature">{{Citation| title = Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25173 | journal = Nature | publisher = Macmillan Publishers Limited | accessdate = January 3, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Science">{{Citation| last = Price | first = Michael | title = Ancient Americans arrived in a single wave, Alaskan infant's genome suggests| journal = Science | volume = Vol 359, Issue 6371 | publisher = American Association for the Advancement of Science | date = January 3, 2018 | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/01/ancient-americans-arrived-single-wave-alaskan-infants-genome-suggests}}</ref><ref name="NatGeo">{{Citation| last = Donahue | first = Michelle | title = Lost Native American Ancestor Revealed in Ancient Child’s DNA | journal = National Geographic | date = January 3, 2018| url = https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/alaska-dna-ancient-beringia-genome/}}</ref><ref name="CBC">{{Citation| last = Strong | first = Walter | title = Baby girl's remains surprisingly reveal new Indigenous group that once thrived in North America | newspaper = CBC | date = January 3, 2018 | url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/ancient-beringians-discoverd-1.4471997}}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{Citation| last = Staff| title = Surprise as DNA reveals new group of Native Americans: the ancient Beringians | newspaper = The Guardian| date = January 3, 2018| url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jan/03/ancient-dna-reveals-previously-unknown-group-of-native-americans-ancient-beringians}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Citation| last = Amos | first = Jonathan | title = Alaskan infant's DNA tells story of 'first Americans' | newspaper = BBC | date = January 3, 2018 | url = http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42555577}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{Citation| last = Strickland | first = Ashley | title = 11,500-year-old infant remains reveal ancient population | newspaper = CNN| date = January 5, 2018| url = http://www.cnn.com/2018/01/05/health/ancient-population-discovery-alaska-trnd/index.html}}</ref> They migrated from [[prehistory of Siberia|Siberia]] across [[Beringia]] and into [[prehistory of Alaska|Alaska]] during the [[lithic stage]] sometime prior to 11,500 years ago.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="Science" /><ref name="NatGeo" /><ref name="CBC" /><ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="CNN" /> The Ancient Beringian remained in the [[Arctic]] until they either became [[Extinction|extinct]] or amalgamated with the [[Dene]] approximately five to six thousand years ago.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="Science" /><ref name="NatGeo" /><ref name="CBC" /><ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="CNN" /> The Ancient Beringian are [[Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas|genetically]] distinct from previously known Native Americans.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="Science" /><ref name="NatGeo" /><ref name="CBC" /><ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="CNN" /> They remained in the [[Arctic]] until they either became [[Extinction|extinct]] or amalgamated with the [[Dene]] approximately five to six thousand years ago.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="Science" /><ref name="NatGeo" /><ref name="CBC" /><ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="CNN" />
The '''Ancient Beringians''' were a population of [[Paleo-Indians]] that diverged from other [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]s about 20,000 years ago.<ref name="Nature">{{Citation| title = Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25173 | journal = Nature | publisher = Macmillan Publishers Limited | accessdate = January 3, 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Science">{{Citation| last = Price | first = Michael | title = Ancient Americans arrived in a single wave, Alaskan infant's genome suggests| journal = Science | volume = Vol 359, Issue 6371 | publisher = American Association for the Advancement of Science | date = January 3, 2018 | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/01/ancient-americans-arrived-single-wave-alaskan-infants-genome-suggests}}</ref><ref name="NatGeo">{{Citation| last = Donahue | first = Michelle | title = Lost Native American Ancestor Revealed in Ancient Child’s DNA | journal = National Geographic | date = January 3, 2018| url = https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/alaska-dna-ancient-beringia-genome/}}</ref><ref name="CBC">{{Citation| last = Strong | first = Walter | title = Baby girl's remains surprisingly reveal new Indigenous group that once thrived in North America | newspaper = CBC | date = January 3, 2018 | url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/ancient-beringians-discoverd-1.4471997}}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{Citation| last = Staff| title = Surprise as DNA reveals new group of Native Americans: the ancient Beringians | newspaper = The Guardian| date = January 3, 2018| url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jan/03/ancient-dna-reveals-previously-unknown-group-of-native-americans-ancient-beringians}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Citation| last = Amos | first = Jonathan | title = Alaskan infant's DNA tells story of 'first Americans' | newspaper = BBC | date = January 3, 2018 | url = http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42555577}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{Citation| last = Strickland | first = Ashley | title = 11,500-year-old infant remains reveal ancient population | newspaper = CNN| date = January 5, 2018| url = http://www.cnn.com/2018/01/05/health/ancient-population-discovery-alaska-trnd/index.html}}</ref> They migrated from [[prehistory of Siberia|Siberia]] across [[Beringia]] and into [[prehistory of Alaska|Alaska]] during the [[lithic stage]] sometime prior to 11,500 years ago.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="Science" /><ref name="NatGeo" /><ref name="CBC" /><ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="CNN" /> The Ancient Beringian remained in the [[Arctic]] until they either became [[Extinction|extinct]] or amalgamated with the [[Dene]] approximately five to six thousand years ago.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="Science" /><ref name="NatGeo" /><ref name="CBC" /><ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="CNN" /> The Ancient Beringian are [[Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas|genetically]] distinct from previously known Native Americans.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="Science" /><ref name="NatGeo" /><ref name="CBC" /><ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="CNN" /> They remained in the [[Arctic]] until they either became [[Extinction|extinct]] or amalgamated with the [[Dene]] approximately five to six thousand years ago.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="Science" /><ref name="NatGeo" /><ref name="CBC" /><ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="CNN" />


==Upward Sun River site==
==Upward Sun River site==

Revision as of 20:53, 8 January 2018

Beringia land bridge during the Late Pleistocene last glacial period.

The Ancient Beringians were a population of Paleo-Indians that diverged from other Native Americans about 20,000 years ago.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] They migrated from Siberia across Beringia and into Alaska during the lithic stage sometime prior to 11,500 years ago.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The Ancient Beringian remained in the Arctic until they either became extinct or amalgamated with the Dene approximately five to six thousand years ago.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The Ancient Beringian are genetically distinct from previously known Native Americans.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] They remained in the Arctic until they either became extinct or amalgamated with the Dene approximately five to six thousand years ago.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Upward Sun River site

The discovery was made from archaeogenetic analyses on the remains of two infants discovered at the archaeological Upward Sun River site (USR).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

The USR site is affiliated with the denali complex, a dispersed archaeological culture in Northwest North America.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

The two infants were both female named Xach’itee’aanenh T’eede Gaay (sunrise girl-child) and Yełkaanenh T’eede Gaay (dawn twilight girl-child) by the local indigenous people.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The genomic analysis of nuclear DNA from both individuals was conducted by Eske Willerslev’s team, led by J. Victor Moreno-Mayar, at the Centre for Geogenetics at the University of Copenhagen’s Natural History Museum of Denmark.[8][9]

Tools

Hand axe

At the USR site, archaeologists uncovered stone tools including unifacial and bifacial knives, hand axes, scrapers and organic tools, such as antlers used to make spears and darts for hunting.[10][11] While not discovered at the USR site other Denali sites, like Gerstle River, Mead and Broken Mammoth produced other organic tools like bone awls, which were probably used by the Ancient Beringian.[10][11]

Food

The Ancient Beringian were hunter-gatherers and their diet would have consisted of the plants and wildlife they could obtain in their region.[12] The archaeologists at USR discovered salmon bones,[13][14] the remains of ptarmigan, ground squirrels and other small animals.[15][16]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans", Nature, Macmillan Publishers Limited, retrieved January 3, 2018
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Price, Michael (January 3, 2018), "Ancient Americans arrived in a single wave, Alaskan infant's genome suggests", Science, Vol 359, Issue 6371, American Association for the Advancement of Science {{citation}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Donahue, Michelle (January 3, 2018), "Lost Native American Ancestor Revealed in Ancient Child's DNA", National Geographic
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Strong, Walter (January 3, 2018), "Baby girl's remains surprisingly reveal new Indigenous group that once thrived in North America", CBC
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Staff (January 3, 2018), "Surprise as DNA reveals new group of Native Americans: the ancient Beringians", The Guardian
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Amos, Jonathan (January 3, 2018), "Alaskan infant's DNA tells story of 'first Americans'", BBC
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Strickland, Ashley (January 5, 2018), "11,500-year-old infant remains reveal ancient population", CNN
  8. ^ Horne, Naomi (October 26, 2015). "Ancient Alaska infants' DNA supports human migration theory". University of Alaska Fairbanks. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  9. ^ "Ancient babies boost Bering land bridge layover". University of Utah. Oct 26, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  10. ^ a b Ancient Beringians, Dr. Ben A. Potter, retrieved January 7, 2018
  11. ^ a b Thompson, Helen (November 10, 2014). "Ice Age Babies Surrounded by Weapon Parts Found in Alaska". Smithsonian. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  12. ^ Lee, Richard B.; Daly, Richard Heywood (1999). Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Cambridge University Press. p. inside front cover. ISBN 9780521609197.
  13. ^ Horne, Naomi (September 21, 2015). "Earliest evidence of ancient North American salmon fishing verified". University of Alaska Fairbanks. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  14. ^ Halffman, Carrin, "Human use of Salmon in North America at 11,500 years ago", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, retrieved January 7, 2018
  15. ^ Handwerk, Brian (February 25, 2011). "Ice Age Child Found in Prehistoric Alaskan Home". National Geographic. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  16. ^ Wren, Kathy (February 24, 2011). "Science: Child's Cremation Site Reveals Domestic Life in Paleoindian Alaska". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
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