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Karauli State

Coordinates: 26°18′N 77°14′E / 26.3°N 77.23°E / 26.3; 77.23
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Karauli State
करौली रियासत
Princely State of British India
1348–1949
Flag of Karauli
Flag
Coat of arms of Karauli
Coat of arms

Karauli State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India
Area 
• 1931
3,216 km2 (1,242 sq mi)
Population 
• 1931
140,525
History 
• Established
1348
1949
 Succeeded by
Matsya Union
Today part ofRajasthan, India
View of Timan Garh Fort in former Karauli State. Its foundations are said to have been built in the 2 century AD.

Karauli State[1] was a princely state in India from 1348 to 1949. It is located in the Braj region. Karauli city was the capital while Mandrayal or Mandrail was another important town.

Geography

The state had an area of 3,178 km2 (1,227 sq mi). In 1901, the population of the state was 156,786, and that of the town was 23,482. Millets, the staple food of the people,[2] was the main agricultural produce. As of the early 20th century, there were no major industries; a little weaving, dyeing, wood-turning, and stone cutting constituted the notable cottage industries.[2] Most goods, as also salt, sugar, cotton, buffaloes, and bullocks, were imported; rice and goats comprised the main exports.[2]

History

According to the official genealogies,it is mentioned that one Dharmpal of the Yaduvanshi Lineage, 77th in descent from Krishna had migrated from the Dwarka the ancient seat of Yadavas to North India and conquered the Bayana,Mewat in 810 CE. His descendants continued to rule over the land and acknowledged the suzerainty of the Imperial Pratihar Rajputs of the Kannauj[3][4][5]

The VijayaGarh fort constructed by Maharaja Vijaypal

The recorded accounts of Jadaun Rajputs ruled Karauli State begins with the accession of Vijaypal of Bayana in Bharatpur region who was 11th in descent from Dharampal and 88th in descent from Krishna in around A.D.1043.The construction of fortress of famous Vijayamandirgarh is attributed to Vijaypal.[6][7]

The Maharaja of Karauli is considered as the head of the Jadaun Rajputs clan. The Jadauns once ruled the kingdom of Braj which included Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli and Dholpur. In 1196 Kunwar Pal lost all of his territories to the invading Ghurids. One of the scions called Arjun Pal was able to recover some of his ancestral lands and founded the town of Karauli. The Jadauns remained independent for a century until their lands were once again captured by Mahmud I of Malwa. The Jadaun Rajputss remained insignificant until they gained patronage under the Mughal emperor Akbar,through his gallantry displayed in Akbar’s campaigns in the Siege of Daulatabad, Akbar rewarded Gopaldas the erstwhile ancestral lands of the Yaduvamshis,the Jadaun ruler Gopaldas was made the Maharaja of Karauli and was made the commander of 2000, he also led the foundation of Agra fort which will serve as power of seat of India for centuries to follow, on the orders of the Mughal emperor.[8][9][10]

According to genealogy of the erstwhile royal courts of Bharatpur State and Karauli State,Bayana,the ruling Sinsinwar Jat dynasty of Bharatpur claimed ancestor was a Jaduan Rajput named Balchand from Karauli,his descendants from his Jat concubine become the Sinsinwar Jats.[11] His Highness the Maharaja maintains a military force of 281 cavalry, 1640 infantry, and 56 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 17 guns (as of 1892). The Britishers later occupied it, and they ruled up to 1947. The Maharaja's palace is a handsome block of buildings, some of them dating to the mid-18th century.[2]

British Raj

After the decline of the Mughal empire in the 18th century, Karauli was under the Maratha Empire until the Marathas were defeated by the British. In 1817, Karauli's ruler signed a treaty with the East India Company and became a British protectorate, the status was maintained till the independence of India in 1947.

After India's independence in 1947, the state under Maharaja Ganesh Pal Deo acceded to the Dominion of India on 7 April 1949; Karauli later merged with the Union of India and became part of the state of Rajasthan.

Rulers

The rulers of the state bore the title 'Maharaja'.[12]

Maharajas

The list names of the rulers of Bayana and later Karauli family are as follows:

  • Dharampal (810 AD)
  • Vijaypal (1043 AD)
  • Tahanpala (1060)
  • Dharam Pala II(1090 AD) 
  • Kunwarpala (1120 AD)
  • Aajya Pala (1150 AD)
  • Hari pala (1180 AD)
  • Sohan Pala (1196 AD)
  • Ananga Pala (1220 AD)
  • Prithi Pala (1242 AD)
  • Raja Pala (1264 AD)
  • Trilok Pala (1286 AD)
  • Vipala pala (1308 AD)
  • Asala Pala (1330 AD)
  • Gugola pala (1352 AD)
  • Arjuna Pala (1374 AD) -he founded Jaduan state of Karauli in 1348 AD 
  • Vikramajit (1396 AD)
  • Abhay chand pala (1418 AD)
  • Prithvi Raj pala (1440)
  • Chandrasen or Chandrapal (1462 AD)
  • Bharti chand (1484 AD)
  • Gopaldas (1506 AD)
  • Dwarakadas (1528 AD)
  • 1691 – 1734: Kanwar Pal II
  • 1734 – 1757: Gopal Singh (d. 1757)
  • 1757 – 24 Oct 1772: Tarsam Pal (d. 1772)
  • 1772 – 1804: Manak Pal (d. 1804)
  • 1804 – 1805: Amola Pal (d. 1805)
  • 1805 – 1837: Herbaksh Pal (b. c. 1792 – d. 1837)
  • 1837 – 1849: Pratap Pal (d. 1849)
  • 1849 – 10 Jul 1852:Narsingh Pal (d. 1852)
  • 4 Sep 1852 – 14 Mar 1854: Bharat Pal
  • 14 Mar 1854 – 16 Aug 1869: Madan Pal (d. 1869) (from 12 Feb 1866, Sir Madan Pal)
  • 1869: Lakshman Pal
  • 1869 – 17 Nov 1875: Jaisingh Pal (d. 1875)
  • 1869 – 1871: Vrishbhan Singh Tanwar – Regent
  • Jan 1876 – 14 Aug 1886: Arjun Pal II (d. 1886)
  • 14 Aug 1886 – 3 Aug 1927: Bhanwar Pal (b. 1864 – d. 1927) (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Bhanwar Pal)
  • 3 Aug 1927 – 6 Apr 1947: Bhom Pal (b. 1866 – d. 1947) (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Bhom Pal)
  • 6 Apr 1940 – 15 Aug 1947: Ganesh Pal (b. 1906 – d. 1984)

See also

References

  1. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 15, p. 26.
  2. ^ a b c d Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Karauli" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 677.
  3. ^ Jadon Vanisyo ka Itihas -Karauli ka Vijaypala ,pg- 19-27 ,Alwar Puralekhiy (Non -archival -Library Section) Rajasthan Archives Office,Bikaner.
  4. ^ Cunningham, Sir Alexander (1885). Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1882-83. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing.
  5. ^ Yadav Vansho ka Itihas Sambat 867 Vikarmi se 1094 tak ,No 269 ,8/27 ,Alwar Puralekhiy (Non -archival -Library Section ),Rajasthan Archives Office ,Bikaner .
  6. ^ Sharma, Dr Gopinath (1903). Rajasthan Ke Itihas Ke Srot. p. 66-67.
  7. ^ Gazetteer of the Karauli State by Captain Percy Powlett.1874 ,part I ,p.3.
  8. ^ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rajasthan: Rupa & Company. p. 718. ISBN 8129108909.
  9. ^ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 15, page 26 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  10. ^ Crooke, William (1890). An Ethnographical Hand-book for the N.-W. Provinces and Oudh. North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press.
  11. ^ Pande, Ram (1970). Bharatpur up to 1826: A Social and Political History of the Jats (1st ed.). Rama Publishing House. p. 29. OCLC 610185303.
  12. ^ Princely States of India

26°18′N 77°14′E / 26.3°N 77.23°E / 26.3; 77.23

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