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Islam in Ukraine

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Islam in Europe
by percentage of country population[1]
  90–100%
  70–90%
  50–70%
  30–50%
  10–20%
  5–10%
  4–5%
  2–4%
  1–2%
  < 1%
Islam by country
World percentage of Muslims by country
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Asia
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Europe
Oceania
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Islam by country
World percentage of Muslims by country
Africa
Asia
Americas
Europe
Oceania
Islam portal

Islam in Ukraine is a minority religious affiliation with Muslims representing around 0.9% of the total population as of 2016.[2] The religion has a long history in Ukraine dating back to Berke Khan of the Golden Horde in the 13th century and the establishment of the Crimean Khanate in the 15th century.

Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school is the largest non-Christian religion in Ukraine, and the majority of Ukrainian Muslims are Crimean Tatars. Other Turkic peoples indigenous to Ukraine, predominantly found in South and south-east Ukraine, practice other forms of Islam. These include Volga Tatars, Azeris, North Caucasian ethnic groups and Uzbeks.[3] There is also a smaller community of Turks in Ukraine, although due to language convergence and cultural assimilation they are often included as part of the Crimean Tatar minority. In 2012 an estimated 500,000 Muslims lived in Ukraine, including 300,000 Crimean Tatars.[4] In February 2016 Said Ismagilov, the mufti of Ummah, counted one million Muslims in Ukraine.[5]

While there is no general governing structure for Muslims in Ukraine, mono-ethnic communities in multi-ethnic regions are served by their ethnic institutions and supported by their international counterparts. The major Islamic institutions supporting communities are found in Kyiv, Crimea, Simferopol and Donetsk. Independent Salafi communities are also found in Kyiv and Crimea, as well as Shia communities in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Luhansk.[3]

20th century

Further information: Deportation of the Crimean Tatars

Crimean Muslims were subjected to mass deportation in 1944 when Joseph Stalin accused them of collaborating with Nazi Germany. More than 200,000[6] Crimean Tatars were deported to Central Asia, primarily the Uzbek SSR. It is estimated that more than 100,000 deportees died of starvation or disease due to the deportation.[7]

Ukrainian Muslims today

Sultan Suleiman Mosque in Mariupol.

Muslims in Ukraine have 445 communities, 433 ministers, and 160 mosques, with many more mosques currently being built.[8]

Estimates of the Ukrainian Muslim population vary. Muslims make up only approximately 0.9% of the Ukrainian population, but as much as 12% in Crimea.[citation needed] According to the 2000 census Ukraine was home to 248,193 Crimean Tatars, 73,304 Volga Tatars, 45,176 Azeris, 12,353 Uzbeks, 8,844 Turks, 6,575 Arabs and 5,526 Kazakhs.[9][10] The 2012 Freedom Report estimating a Muslim population of 500,000 in Ukraine, including 300,000 Crimean Tatars.[4] A 2011 Pew Forum study estimated a Ukrainian Muslim population of 393,000,[11] but the Clerical Board of Ukraine's Muslims claimed there were two million Muslims in Ukraine as of 2009.[12] According to Said Ismagilov, the mufti of Ummah, in February 2016 one million Muslims lived in Ukraine.[5]

Due to the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea and the War in Donbass, which is fought near Donetsk and Luhansk, 750,000 Muslims (including half-million Crimean Tatars) are living in territory no longer controlled by Ukraine.[5] (According to figures as stated by Said Ismagilov, the mufti of Religious Administration of Muslims of Ukraine "Ummah".[5])

  • Bakhchisaray Palace
    Bakhchisaray Palace
  • Fountain of Tears is known as the embodiment of love of one of the last Crimean Khans, Qırım Giray Khan for his young wife a Polish girl in his harem. Despite his battle-hardened harshness, he was grievous and wept when she died.[13]
    Fountain of Tears is known as the embodiment of love of one of the last Crimean Khans, Qırım Giray Khan for his young wife a Polish girl in his harem. Despite his battle-hardened harshness, he was grievous and wept when she died.[13]
  • Mosque of Öz Beg Khan built in Crimea in 1314.
    Mosque of Öz Beg Khan built in Crimea in 1314.
  • Ancient Column with Persian inscription, at the Livadiya Palace in Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine.
    Ancient Column with Persian inscription, at the Livadiya Palace in Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine.
  • Crimean Tatar patio and garden courtyard, at the Livadiya Palace, Crimea, Ukraine.
    Crimean Tatar patio and garden courtyard, at the Livadiya Palace, Crimea, Ukraine.
  • Mosque in Ukraine
    Mosque in Ukraine

See also

References

  1. ^ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  2. ^ http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  3. ^ a b Yarosh, Oleg; Brylov, Denys (2011). "Muslim communities and Islamic network institutions in Ukraine: contesting authorities in shaping Islamic localities". In Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowka (ed.). Muslims in Poland and Eastern Europe: Widening the European Discourse on Islam. Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska. pp. 252–265. ISBN 978-83-903229-5-7.
  4. ^ a b "2012 Report on International Religious Freedom - Ukraine". United States Department of State. 20 May 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d Ukrainian Muslims root for Ukraine, Kyiv Post (11 February 2016)
  6. ^ Pohl, Otto J. (April 2000). The Deportation and Fate of the Crimean Tatars. 5th Annual World Convention of the Association for the Study of Nationalities: "Identity and the State: Nationalism and Sovereignty in a Changing World". Columbia University, New York. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  7. ^ "To the 71st Anniversary of Crimean Tatars deportation - Publications - Embassy of Ukraine in the Kingdom of Thailand". mfa.gov.ua.
  8. ^ "Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine". Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  9. ^ "About number and composition population of Ukraine by data: All-Ukrainian population census 2001 data". State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. 2003. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  10. ^ Інші національності за даними переписів населення [Other nationalities according to population data from censuses] (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. 2003. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  11. ^ "The Future of the Global Muslim Population". pewforum.org. 27 January 2011.
  12. ^ Ислам в Украине [Islam in Ukraine]. Islamyat.org (in Russian). 26 June 2009. Archived from the original on 5 December 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  13. ^ Johnstone, Sarah. Ukraine. Lonely Planet, 2005. ISBN 1-86450-336-X
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