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Batman film series
Poster for Batman (1989)
Distributed by20th Century Fox (1966);
Warner Bros. (1989-2008)
Release date
1966 – 2008
Country United States
LanguageEnglish
Box office$1,624,772,639

The Batman film series currently consists of seven superhero films based on the fictional DC Comics character of the same name, portrayed by Adam West, Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer, George Clooney and Christian Bale in that order.

The first film, known simply as Batman or Batman: The Movie, directed by Leslie H. Martinson and produced by 20th Century Fox, was a theatrical spin-off of the TV series, produced by William Dozier, that was running at the time and was a quasi-comedy rather than a real superhero movie. Warner Bros. hired Tim Burton to direct the 1989 version, which had no connection to the 1966 movie and is often considered the first "definitive" Batman movie. The series continued with Batman Returns (1992). Joel Schumacher was hired to direct Batman Forever (1995), and Batman & Robin (1997), with various proposals for another installment being cancelled after the box-office failure of Batman & Robin. Christopher Nolan rebooted the film series with Batman Begins (2005) and The Dark Knight (2008), completely starting over with a new series of films that have no connection to the previous installments. Throughout the films, Batman has fought with several of his famous villains.

Development

The first feature-length film based on Batman was developed by William Dozier and 20th Century Fox out of the television series that starred Adam West as Batman/Bruce Wayne and Burt Ward as Robin/Dick Greyson--both West and Ward reprised their roles for the film. Produced between the first and second seasons, the film was just as campy as the series, with its comic relief, but otherwise a moderate success at the box office. When the series ended, no other film based on the series was produced. However, the original Batman film has become a cult classic and has since been issued on DVD as the only incarnation of the series to be so released.

The Warner Bros. films took a far different approach than Fox's original. Michael Uslan had recently gained fame for convincing the Dean of Indiana University to start a course on comic books. DC Comics was impressed enough with his work to invite him to their offices. Uslan, a fan of the Batman character, was able to acquire the film rights to the property in April 1979 through a newly formed partnership with Benjamin Melniker. CBS at that time was developing a Batman in Outer Space film, though DC had no intention of granting film rights for that concept. The prevailing perception of the character was still that of the campy 1960s TV series. Uslan was always fascinated with Bill Finger's and Bob Kane's early stories from 1939, and wished instead to produce the film in that style. For his presentation to studios, Uslan wrote a short story titled Return of the Batman so as to show the studios what exactly he was aiming for. The treatment anticipated the tone that would later be taken in Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns.[1]

As Uslan and Melniker unsuccessfully pitched the film to many studios,[2] Uslan started searching for writers. He felt Superman, James Bond, and Star Wars were the three most successful film franchises at the time. As such he approached Richard Maibaum to write the script, with Guy Hamilton to direct. Both were well known for the various Bond films they had collaborated on, though the two would eventually turn down the opportunity. Tom Mankiewicz was settled upon, who had recently co-written Superman and in the past was involved with three James Bond films. Mankiewicz started writing his script sometime in 1980,[1] and was able to finish in June 1983, going under the simple title of The Batman.[3]

The script showcased the origins of both Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson and included The Joker and Rupert Thorne as the main villains (with a brief cameo from The Penguin). Silver St. Cloud appeared as the love interest. Several elements from the script ended up appearing in future film installments, such as The Joker being responsible for Bruce's parents' murder (though Joe Chill was the hired gun), and Batman being framed for crimes he didn't commit (see Batman Returns). Similarities for Batman Forever had Dick Grayson's origin being practically the same (as well as stumbling upon the Batcave), and Dick saving Bruce's life before becoming Robin.[3]

While Mankiewicz was writing the script, Uslan and Melniker were still seeking a deal with a studio. Uslan recounts many stories, "At Columbia, the head of production said to me, shaking his head after I pitched my heart out, "Come on, Batman will never be a success as a film because our movie Annie didn’t do well." I looked at this guy dumbfounded. And I asked him what did the little red-headed girl who sang "Tomorrow" have to do with Batman!? And he said, "Michael, they are both out of the funny pages." At United Artists, Uslan recounted a similar story. "An exec said to me that a film with Batman and Robin would never work as a film because Robin and Marian wasn’t successful. Now that was about an aging Robin Hood and Maid Marian with Sean Connery! I just picked up all my materials, didn’t say a word and walked out of the room."[4]

It was in late 1981 that Uslan announced a 1983 release date, with a budget of $15 million, though the project continued to languish in development hell, causing repeated delays.[5] Uslan and Melniker were finally able to team with Peter Guber and Jon Peters in 1982. The four producers were able to convince Warner Bros. to finance the film after Universal Pictures declined the offer.[2] Uslan then announced in 1983, the year Mankiewicz finally completed his script, that the film would be released in 1985 and have a budget of $20 million.[5] Joe Dante and Ivan Reitman were briefly involved as directors though both would take on other projects instead (Gremlins for Dante, while Reitman opted for Ghostbusters).[2] Uslan wanted a distinguished unknown actor as Batman, with William Holden as Commissioner Gordon and David Niven as Alfred Pennyworth.[5] Even at this stage, Jack Nicholson was the choice for the role of The Joker.[4]

In the meantime, more scripts came about that included the basic premise of The Joker, Rupert Thorne, Silver St. Cloud, and Robin. All scripts were positioned as an adaptation of Steve Englehart's Dark Detective series.[6] Warner Bros., however, began to push for the project again to center on the campy tone of the Batman TV series from the 1960s, citing Bill Murray as Batman and Eddie Murphy as Robin as their primary casting choices, over Uslan's objections. After the success of Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns, the studio reconsidered, and decided to depict the film the way Uslan had wanted to since the beginning, though still choosing a comedy director, after the surprising success of Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Warner Bros. handed the director's position to Tim Burton.[2]

Burton took Batman and Batman Returns as opportunities to pay homage to the classic German Expressionist Horror film genre. Burton's influences included The Phantom of the Opera, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Dracula, The Bat, The Man Who Laughs, Frankenstein, Bride of Frankenstein, Nosferatu, and The Hunchback of Notre Dame. [7]

Further information: Batman (1989 film) § Production

Burton series

After this long development history, all of the Batman films were distributed by Warner Brothers. They were directed by Tim Burton. This does not count the animated film, Batman: Mask of the Phantasm, released to theatres during this era--that film was based on the mythos of the FOX animated series, produced around this time.

Batman (1989)

Main article: Batman (1989 film)

Gotham City is in the grip of mob boss Carl Grissom, and is only met with worse fears with a corrupt police department. Millionaire philanthropist Bruce Wayne begins his run as the shadowy vigilante knowns as "The Batman." Reporters Alexander Knox and Vicki Vale investigate the series behind this character, as Vale is eventually taken in by Wayne's charms. The situation becomes further worse when Jack Napier, former right hand man of Grissom, hideously transforms into the psychotic Joker. Bruce Wayne must confront tragic moments from the past as the homicidal maniac starts his deadly crusade against the citizens of Gotham.

Batman Returns (1992)

Main article: Batman Returns

A mysterious "Penguin-like" man appears out of the sewers of Gotham and is intent on being accepted into Gotham society. Crooked businessman Max Schreck is coerced into helping him become Mayor of Gotham and they both attempt to destroy Batman's reputation as a crime-fighter. However, the Penguin secretly schemes to kidnap the chidren of the wealthiest families of the City. Then, when Selina Kyle, Max's secretary, is transformed into the mysterious and sensual Catwoman and allies herself with the Penguin, The Dark Knight must attempt to clear his name, save the children of Gotham and decide the fate of Selina/Catwoman.

Schumacher series

Tim Burton did preliminary work on a third installment but Warner Bros. threw out Burton's plans after they realized the tone of the film was to be similar to Batman Returns, which they deemed too controversial (due to critics and parental groups complaining that the film was too dark and violent for children), the studio wanted the next film to be more family-friendly. Michael Keaton was prepared to return for a third installment, even going so far as to show up for costume fitting. However, after Tim Burton was dropped by Warner Bros. (slated to co-producer in name only), Keaton left the series in July 1994, after being dissatisfied with the screenplay the new director, Joel Schumacher, approved, which Keaton considered to be lighter in tone in comparison to the past two Batman movies. Warner Bros. then offered him $35,000,000 (one of the highest salaries offered to an actor at the time), but Keaton steadfastly refused. Keaton was subsequently succeeded by Val Kilmer in Batman Forever. In February 1996, Kilmer decided not to return for a sequel, feeling that Batman was being marginalized in favor of the villains. George Clooney was then cast as the new Batman in Batman & Robin.

Batman Forever (1995)

Main article: Batman Forever

Former District Attorney Harvey Dent incorrectly believes Batman caused the courtroom accident which left him disfigured on one side. He then unleashes a reign of terror, and assisting him is Edward Nygma, a former employee of Wayne Enterprises looking for revenge, who becomes The Riddler. As The Riddler perfects a device for draining information from all the brains in Gotham, including Bruce Wayne's knowledge of his other identity, Batman must stop this fight for the good of mankind with the help of his new sidekick Robin and psychologist Dr. Chase Meridian.

Batman & Robin (1997)

Main article: Batman & Robin (film)

Gotham City, is threatened by Victor Fries, known also as Mr. Freeze. Batman and Robin manage to eventually capture him. Meanwhile, a young woman named Pamela Isley witnesses illegal genetic tampering and is, apparently, killed. She is resurrected, and hires a new bodyguard, Bane. They arrive at Gotham, and aid in Mr. Freeze's escape. Meanwhile, Alfred is dying and Wayne must find a cure, while dealing with troubles with Robin, and receiving help from Batgirl, a new hero of Gotham.

Failed projects

After the box office failure of Batman & Robin, Warner Bros. was still intent on delivering yet another Batman film. Since Batman & Robin did poorly (financially and critically), the next Batman film was to have an atmosphere that veered in the opposite direction. It took roughly seven years to get the fifth Batman film greenlighted, over the course of various developing titles.

Batman Triumphant

Warner Bros. hired Mark Protosevich to write a script for the fifth Batman film, titled Batman Triumphant, [8] even before the theatrical release of Batman & Robin. Joel Schumacher, George Clooney, and Chris O’Donnell were still contracted for another film. [9] The Scarecrow was to be the main villain and through the use of his fear gas, Scarecrow would cause Batman to confront his worst fear: the return of The Joker. Harley Quinn was in the script and shown as the daughter of Jack Napier. [8]

As of yet, the script hasn’t been leaked online and it is unknown whether or not Jack Nicholson would reprise his role as the Joker. Due to poor results from Batman & Robin, Triumphant was canceled and Warner Bros. commissioned more scripts. [10]

Batman: DarKnight

In 1998, Lee Shapiro and Stephen Wise pitched the idea for a fifth Batman movie to Warner Bros. Vice President Tom Lassally. It was to be called Batman: DarKnight (not to be confused with The Dark Knight starring Christian Bale and Heath Ledger) and included the Scarecrow and Man-Bat as the new villains, with the studio being most impressed with the characterization of Man-Bat. [11] Fear was to be the initial theme (much like the main one for Batman Begins) and according to Shapiro, with Scarecrow being true to the source material. Within three months, Lee Shapiro and Stephen Wise sent their first draft to Warner Bros. Joel Schumacher was still signed to direct but dropped out only weeks after the first draft was completed. [11] The story went as:

Bruce Wayne is in self-imposed seclusion from life, because he feels he has lost his greatest weapons in the fight against crime: his mystique and his enemies' fear. Dick Grayson attends Gotham University, trying to discover who he is apart from his guardian and unwilling to return as Robin without him. Meanwhile, Dr. Jonathan Crane uses his position as professor of psychology at Gotham University and as resident psychiatrist at Arkham Asylum to conduct his experiments in fear. During a vengeful confrontation with a colleague, Dr. Kirk Langstrom, Crane unknowingly initiates Kirk's transformation into the creature known as Man-Bat. The unsuspecting denizens of Gotham scream for Batman's head, believing the Man-Bat's nightly hunts to be the Dark Knight's bloodthirsty return to action. Bruce dons cape and cowl once more to clear his name and solve the mystery behind these attacks. Eventually, Dick ends up in Arkham Asylum under Crane's unsympathetic watch, and Kirk struggles with his "man vs. monster" syndrome as he longs to both reunite with his wife and get revenge on Crane. [11]

The script for Batman: DarKnight sat at Warner Bros. and languished in development hell up until late 2000. Shapiro stated that DarKnight was in the running the longest as the next Batman movie compared to the other Batman projects in development. [11]

Batman Beyond

In October 1999, Ain't It Cool News reported that Warner Bros. was seriously considering a live action Batman Beyond movie, based on the animated series. In January 2000, Ain't It Cool News reported that Paul Dini and Alan Burnett would be writing the script, both of whom are well known for their work on The DC Animated Universe. In August 2000, it was confirmed that Paul Dini, Alan Burnett, Neal Stephenson, and Boaz Yakin were to all write the script, with Yakin to direct. Jack Nicholson expressed serious interest in returning as the Joker, and even had his own ideas on how to bring him back to life [citation needed]. A script was written by the writers and turned into Warner Bros., though the project was canceled in favor of the Batman: Year One project. [12]

Batman vs Superman

Main article: Superman (film series) § Batman vs. Superman

Batman: Year One

Main article: Batman: Year One § Film adaptation

Nolan series

Batman Begins (2005)

Main article: Batman Begins

Bruce Wayne, portrayed by Christian Bale, begins his alter ego as Batman to bring justice into the corrupted city. Meanwhile, Gotham City, in the hands of crime boss Carmine Falcone, is in danger of being destroyed by the hallucinogenic gases in the water supply supplied by the Scarecrow. With the help of James Gordon and his love interest Rachel Dawes, Batman fights off Ra's al Ghul and saves the day.

The Dark Knight (2008)

Main article: The Dark Knight (film)

The 2008 sequel to Batman Begins has Batman, Lt. Jim Gordon, and District Attorney Harvey Dent forming an alliance to take down the rise in organized crime in Gotham City brought about by the absence of Carmine Falcone, who is still missing, as well as trying to battle the homicidal criminal mastermind known only as the Joker, played by the late Heath Ledger.

Future

Nolan is not committed to another sequel, explaining that he does not normally line up projects after completing a film. Gary Oldman is confident Nolan will return,[13] Oldman hinted the Riddler might be the villain, if Joker is not in it.[14] Bale said he would return if Nolan did.[15] Nolan explained that as long as he is directing, he is not including Robin in the franchise because Bale is portraying a "young Batman", which meant "Robin's not for a few films". Nolan jokingly listed Frankie Muniz as a potential choice, if the studio forced him to cast.[16] Bale joked "I'll be chaining myself up somewhere and refusing to go to work" if Robin is introduced.[17] Ironically Bale has expressed that one of his favorite Batman stories is Batman: Dark Victory.

In addition, Nolan considered the Penguin difficult to portray on film, explaining, "There are certain characters that are easier to mesh with the more real take on Batman we're doing. The Penguin would be tricky."[18] Both Christina Ricci and Kate Beckinsale have shown interest in playing Catwoman,[19][20] while David Tennant wishes to play the Riddler.[21] Prior to the release of The Dark Knight in 2008, David Goyer ruled out using the Penguin or Catwoman as a villain in a future film, prefering to use antagonists from the comic that had not yet been portrayed on the big screen.[22]

Cast and characters

Main article: List of Batman films cast members
Character Film
Batman: The Movie (1966) Batman (1989) Batman Returns (1992) Batman Forever (1995) Batman & Robin (1997) Batman Begins (2005) The Dark Knight (2008)
Batman Adam West Michael Keaton Val Kilmer George Clooney Christian Bale
Alfred Alan Napier Michael Gough Michael Caine
Gordon Neil Hamilton Pat Hingle Gary Oldman
Lucius Fox   Morgan Freeman
Robin Burt Ward   Chris O'Donnell  
Batgirl     Alicia Silverstone  
Vicki Vale   Kim Basinger  
Joker Cesar Romero Jack Nicholson   Heath Ledger
Penguin Burgess Meredith   Danny DeVito  
Catwoman Lee Meriwether   Michelle Pfeiffer  
Two-Face   Billy Dee Williams (Harvey Dent only)   Tommy Lee Jones   Aaron Eckhart
Riddler Frank Gorshin   Jim Carrey  
Dr. Chase Meridian     Nicole Kidman  
Mr. Freeze     Arnold Schwarzenegger  
Poison Ivy     Uma Thurman  
Bane     Jeep Swenson  
Floronic Man     John Glover  
Scarecrow     Cillian Murphy
Ra's al Ghul     Liam Neeson  
Victor Zsasz     Tim Booth  

Reception

Box office performance

Film Release date Box office revenue Box office ranking Reference
United States Worldwide United States Outside US Worldwide All time US All time worldwide
Batman June 23, 1989 June 23, 1989 $251,188,924 $160,160,000 $411,348,924 #39 #82 [23]
Batman Returns June 19, 1992 June 19, 1992 $162,831,698 $104,000,000 $266,831,698 #130 #202 [24]
Batman Forever June 16, 1995 June 16, 1995 $184,031,112 $152,500,000 $336,531,112 #91 #134 [25]
Batman & Robin June 20, 1997 June 20, 1997 $107,325,195 $130,881,927 $238,207,122 #309 #244 [26]
Batman Begins June 15, 2005 June 15, 2005 $205,343,774 $166,510,009 $371,853,783 #72 #102 [27]
The Dark Knight July 18, 2008 [28]
Batman film series $910,720,703 $714,051,936 $1,624,772,639

Critical reaction

Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic Yahoo! Movies
Overall Cream of the Crop
Batman 72% (46 reviews)[29] 57% (7 reviews)[30] 66% (17 reviews)[31] B- (5 reviews)[32]
Batman Returns 81% (42 reviews)[33] 57% (7 reviews)[34] B (5 reviews)[35]
Batman Forever 44% (46 reviews)[36] 69% (13 reviews)[37] 51% (23 reviews)[38] B- (9 reviews)[39]
Batman & Robin 12% (57 reviews)[40] 21% (14 reviews)[41] 28% (21 reviews)[42] C- (9 reviews)[43]
Batman Begins 84% (242 reviews)[44] 63% (40 reviews)[45] 70% (41 reviews)[46] B+ (15 reviews)[47]
The Dark Knight

References

  1. ^ a b Bill "Jett" Ramey (2005-11-08). "An Interview With Michael Uslan - Part 1". Batman-on-Film. Retrieved 2007-11-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight. Warner Bros. 2005. {{cite AV media}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  3. ^ a b Tom Mankiewicz (1983-06-20). "The Batman: Revised First Draft Screenplay". ScifiScripts.com. Retrieved 2007-11-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b Bill "Jett" Ramey (2005-11-10). "An Interview With Michael Uslan - Part 2". Batman-on-Film. Retrieved 2007-11-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ a b c Alan Jones (November 1989). "Batman in Production". Cinefantastique. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  6. ^ Bill "Jett" Ramey (2006-11-27). "Interview: Steven Englehart". Batman-on-Film. Retrieved 2007-11-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Batman (1989) Audio Commentary by Director Tim Burton. Warner Bros. 2005. {{cite AV media}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  8. ^ a b Linder, Brian. "Rumblings From Gotham". IGN. Retrieved 2006-11-13. {{cite news}}: Text "date2000-07-27" ignored (help)
  9. ^ Karger, Dave (1997-07-11). "Big Chill". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2006-11-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ Ramey, Bill "Jett" (2005-02-04). "A History of BATMAN 5: What It Is and How It Came To Be". Batman-on-Film. Retrieved 2006-11-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ a b c d Ramey, Bill "Jett" (2005-07-28). "Interview: Lee Shapiro". Batman-on-Film. Retrieved 2006-11-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Rob M. Worley (2001-10-18). "Batman Beyond Live Action Movie (Archives)". Comics2Film. Retrieved 2007-09-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Rob Allsletter (2008-06-30). "The Dark Knight's Future". Comics Continuum. Retrieved 2008-07-01.
  14. ^ "Will Chris Nolan Recast the Joker for Batman 3 or Will the Riddler Take His Place?". MovieWeb. 2008-06-29. Retrieved 2008-07-01.
  15. ^ Charlene Chang (2008-06-30). "Christian Bale talks 'Dark Knight' follow-up and 'Terminator Salvation'". Retrieved 2008-07-01.
  16. ^ "Nolan on Robin in Batman Sequels". SuperHeroHype.com. 2005-06-23. Retrieved 2006-07-31. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ "Batman Bale Says No To Robin". Starpulse.com. 2008-07-02. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  18. ^ Matthew Belloni (November 2006). "Q+A: Christopher Nolan". Esquire. Retrieved 2006-10-13.
  19. ^ Bob Gough (2005-02-28). "Christina Ricci: Put Me in Batman 2". ComicBookMovie. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ Jen Yamato (2007-08-03). "Beckinsale On Catwoman, Wonder Woman, And Her Bond Girl Offer". RottenTomatoes. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Ben Rawson-Jones (2007-09-26). "David Tennant craves 'Batman' villain role". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2007-09-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Amaya, Erik (2008-06-30). "Write The Dark Knight: The Writers". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2008-07-10. In the first film we used Ra's al Ghul and the Scarecrow, who had not been in the movies before and had not been in the '60s TV show. There are dozens, if not hundreds of other characters that [are possibilities.] Everyone says you have to use the Penguin or Catwoman. Well, I completely disagree. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ "Batman (1989)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  24. ^ "Batman Returns (1992)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  25. ^ "Batman Forever (1995)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  26. ^ "Batman and Robin (1997)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  27. ^ "Batman Begins (2005)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  28. ^ "The Dark Knight (2008)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  29. ^ "Batman". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  30. ^ "Batman (Cream of the Crop)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  31. ^ "Batman (1989): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  32. ^ "Batman - Critics Reviews". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  33. ^ "Batman Returns". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  34. ^ "Batman Returns (Cream of the Crop)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  35. ^ "Batman Returns - Critics Reviews". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  36. ^ "Batman Forever". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  37. ^ "Batman Forever (Cream of the Crop)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  38. ^ "Batman Forever (1995): Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  39. ^ "Batman Forever - Critics Reviews". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  40. ^ "Batman & Robin". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  41. ^ "Batman & Robin (Cream of the Crop)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  42. ^ "Batman & Robin (1997): Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  43. ^ "Batman & Robin - Critics Reviews". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  44. ^ "Batman Begins". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  45. ^ "Batman Begins (Cream of the Crop)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  46. ^ "Batman Begins (2005): Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  47. ^ "Batman Begins - Critics Reviews". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
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