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2010 Northern Hemisphere heat waves

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This article profiles the heavy heat wave that had hit parts of the United States, Kazakhstan, Taiwan, China and the European continent as a whole, along with parts of Canada, Russia, South Korea and Japan during June and July of 2010. According to meteorologists, summer spans the months of June, July and August in the Northern hemisphere and December, January and February in the Southern hemisphere.[1]

The list of events

The British Isles

On May 30th, light thunderstorms hit parts of Oxfordshire and temperatures begin to rise in Southern England and Greater London.

An 8 year old English schoolboy drowned on June 5th while playing in a river in River Wharfe between Skipton and Harrogate at 3pm[2].

June 6 saw heavy rain hit the sun-scorched UK and Ireland. The future temperatures were predicted to fall from about 25°C to only about 13°C (55°F) in Northern England over the next week. Heathrow Airport has the 6th hottest spot at 28°C (83°F)[3].

Meteogroup's forecaster Gemma Plumb warned that the bad weather would last for about a week, but that temperatures would still remain high. She reckoned London would reach about 22°C (71°F)[4]. Betting shops have cut the odds on the UK record temperature of 38°C (101.3F°) being passed in this summer to 7/2. The hottest day of this year to date was May 24 when temperatures hit 28.8°C (84°F)[5].

On June 8th, heavy thunder storms hit the British Isles [6], ending the 6 day long heat wave.

The UK declared a heat wave, set at Met Office Level 2/4, on 9 July 2010 for South East England and East Anglia. This was after temperatures reached 31.0 degrees Celsius in London and nighttime temperatures leveled around 21 degrees Celsius.

The UK recorded its highest temperature of the year, 31.7 degrees C, in Gravesend, Kent, as the British Health Protection Agency (HPA) gave out health advice and claimed there had supposedly been "several hundred" more deaths than normal over the past two weeks and some appeared to be linked to the heat on the 11th[7].

The heat wave begins to end as heavy rain hits the Swansea-Port Tolbot region of Wales, Devon, central Ireland and parts of eastern France on the 12th.

The Alpine and North Sea thunder storms sweep across south east and north west Germany respectively. Heavy rain fall is also reported in parts of the Netherlands, Ireland, Normandy and the English Midlands on the 13th.

Thunder storms hit the English Midlands, Oxfordshire, Ireland, Northern Ireland and parts of the Swiss Alps. The Heatwave ends in the British Isles and North West Europe on the 14th.

Europe

A heat wave hit Eastern Europe as exceptionally strong jet stream winds blew in from the Sahara across the Balkans and in to both Poland and the Ukraine the 10th of June[8]. The Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) warned of temperature in Poland exceeding 30C for the next 5 days, followed by heavy winds, rain storms, thunderstorms and possible flooding especially in the north-west of the country and neighbouring parts of Germany[9].

July the 11th and 12th saw heat stroke make several people ill trough out the Iberian Penisular, European Russia, Belarus, eastern Poland and the Ukraine [10][11] as the heat waves have swept across Europe, North America, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Kazakhstan and Russia[12][13].

June 12 saw, Kiev (Kyiv) register a tempriture of 34 degrees Celsius. Luckly it did not reach 37 degrees Celsius forecasted. The record for Kiev registered in 1946 at 33.3 degrees Celsius[14]. Ukranian Galicia and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea peninsula also saw temperatures rise sharply.

Between June 13th and 19th [15] saw a low pressure zone move south eastwards taking a shallow pool of cooler air south eastwards across from the North Atlantic in to Ireland, Wales and most of England.

In early June, Eastern Europe experienced very warm conditions, whilst Central Europe was being flooded. Ruse, Bulgaria hit 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) on the 13th making it the warmest spot in Europe. Other records broken on the 13th includes Vidin, Bulgaria at 35.8 °C (96.4 °F), Sandanski, Bulgaria hitting 35.5 °C (95.9 °F), Lovech and Pazardzhik, Bulgaria at 35.1 °C (95.2 °F) as well as the capital, Sofia, hitting 33.3 °C (91.9 °F). The heat comes from the Sahara desert and is not associated with rain. This helped the situation with high water levels in that part of the continent.[16].

On the 14th, several cities were once again above the 35 °C (95 °F) mark even thought they did not break records. The only cities in Bulgaria breaking records were Musala, peak hitting 15.2 °C (59.4 °F), and Elhovo, hitting 35.6 °C (96.1 °F).[17].

On the 15th, Ruse, Bulgaria peaked at 37.2 °C (99.0 °F). Although it was not a record, this was the highest temperature recorded in the country. 5 Bulgarian cities broke records that day: Ahtopol hit 28.6 °C (83.5 °F), Dobrich was 33.8 °C (92.8 °F), Karnobat hit 34 °C (93 °F), Sliven hit 35 °C (95 °F) and Elhovo recorded 36.1 °C (97.0 °F).[18].

As the floods eased in Central Europe and the Balkans, apart from in those in Romania, temperatures began to climb across Western Europe, including Frankfurt am Main in Germany[19] and the UK on June 30th.

On July 2, Brussels saw its hottest day since 1976. France, Germany and the Spanish resort Benidorm have record temperatures [20] several heavy thunderstorms hit the Low Swiss Alps, accompany by heavy sleet in some places.

On July 3, a heat wave hit parts of Ryazan Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, and the cities of Copenhagen, Bucharest and Budapest, killing a Romanian man with heat stroke. Heavy thunderstorms hit the High Swiss Alps, accompany by heavy snow in some places.

On July 6, 3 low pressure spots trust up towards and settled near the Black Sea after a week a high pressure in the region’s jet stream far northward in its trek through Europe [21]. The Accuweather.com GFS numerical model predicts the same weather for the next week and an even worse heat wave for the week of the Accuweather.com forecast[21]

A metrological synoptic pressure corridor ran from Germany and Poland east and northeast to western and north western Russia causing temperatures that were 4°C, 8°C and in 1 case 10°C above the seasonal norm. Both the cities from Berlin and Warsaw to Kiyev, Minsk, Moscow and St. Petersburg may well reach the 33° C to 35° C range[21].

It had been noticed that since the start of Summer, it has already been unusually hot in much of this broad meteorological swathe of weather patterns. Berlin and Warsaw have seen 33°C. Highs of nearly 34°C in Moscow broke records. Earlier in June, Minsk hit 30°C and Kiev soared to 34°C. St. Petersburg has yet to see the 30-degree mark[21].

Madrid, Seville and Lisbon were also griped by the heat wave on the 7th [22].

A Portuguese man also died on the 7th, in Villar del Rey, Badajoz, Spain [23].

By July 8, a major heat wave hit most of Europe, European Russia and North America [24].

Both the French and Belgian authorities were on alert to avoid as France 24 reported the death of a Frenchman in the north of the country due to heat exhaustion. As Brussels saw its next hottest day since 1976, while Portugal and Germany experienced record high temperatures over the past week[24].

Austria’s Centre for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) issued public safety warnings on the 8th as it predicted the mercury to hit 35 degrees centigrade by the weekend[25]. The centre expected similar conditions continuing in to the beginning of next week, were it would end in a heavy Alpine down poor[25].

Swiss Metrological Office reported a record 34.8C was set in Basel and warned of both forest fires in the persistently drought hit southern canton of Valais[26]. The Swiss Health Office offend the public safety advice[26]. The ozone level rose badly and was more than twice the permitted level at 257 microgrammes per cubic metre in Lugano on the Friday and were in a generally bad condition across the Swiss Alps as a whole [26][26]. Extreme heat and ozone levels were also harming tourists at the Gotthard road tunnel on the 8th and 9th[26].

The Swiss Ornithological Institute, based in Sempach, said young swifts were stifling to death and others were jumping out before they could fly properly, as temperatures reached 50C in their under the roof nests. Most of which survived at the institute’s care home[26].

Two Spaniards died of heat stroke as temperature hovered around 33°C-35°C in central Spain on July 9[23]. One victim was in Central Spain and the other was in Sevilla. The woman Sevilla from had been admitted to the local Virgen Macarena Hospital said the woman had also had multi-organ failure [23].

A heavy rainy thunder storm hit Zurich on the 10th [27] and the Swiss-French border [28]. They also threatened to close the Avoriaz stage of the Tour de France cycle race.[28]

July the 11th and 12th saw heat stroke make several people ill trough out the Iberian Penisular, European Russia, Belarus, eastern Poland and the Ukraine [29][30] as the heat waves have swept across Europe, North America, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Kazakhstan and Russia[31][32].

The heat wave that left and over heating Morocco for the Iberian Peninsula on the 11th was attributed to the regional hot air currents that depart from the Sahara desert in Northern Africa at about 1,000 meters in altitude, which facilitated a movement in the hot air towards the Balkans and the Ukraine via the Straits of Gibraltar, Spain and Italy[33].

On July the 11th, tempuras skyrocketed in Vienna, Berlin, Munich, Amsterdam, Madrid, Lisbon, Zurich and Bucharest. More heavy thunderstorms hit the High Swiss Alps, accompany by heavy snow in some places.

40 passengers were hospitalised with dehydration in Germany 3 ICE trains’ air conditioning system broke down in temperatures approaching 40°C on the 11th[34][7]. One thousand luckier passengers switch trains. Deutsche Bahn apologized for its ICE trains breaking down[34].

Hartmut Buyken, chairman of passenger association Pro Bahn, radio station Hr Info that the trains were ruined by cost cutting weren't selling as well in international markets as their French, TGV trains[34].

A German exspress ICE 3 transit train near Ingolstadt. Note that this was taken in 2007 and is thus not one of those that broke down, just an example of those trains.

The temperature in the Iberian Peninsula climbed to an average 43C as Spain witnessed temperature some of to 44C as the 3 week old heat wave continued[35]. The city of Madrid, recorded between 37C and 39C on early in the week and Lisbon saw the mercury hit 39C on day at week. Spanish and Portuguese doctors told drink more water and take it easy in the heat on the 11th as furtherer scorching weather was predicted by the nations’ weather forecasters[36].

On the 12th, both Portugal, Spain, Germany, Britain, Belgium, France, and the Czech Republic all suffered the hottest temperatures of the year, and the heat wave was most likely continue over the weekend, according to German meteorologists [7][37].

Most of Germany, including Berlin, recorded temperatures of 38C/102 Fahrenheit in some places including the capital Berlin[7].On the popular North Sea island of Helgoland, the temperature was only 20.5 degrees. In Berlin, the highest temperature was recorded at 102°F as 3 more non air conditioned local passengers trains had to be evacuated due to overheating of the interior passenger orifices, leading to passengers getting heat stroke, Deutsche Welle reported[37]. Hans-Dieter Muehlenberg, chief of a local rescue squad in Berlin told the German news agency DAPD he had found the temperature in a local train had reached 50°C/122°F and that 9 people died from dehydration[7] According to the German Meteorological service (DWD), the soaring temperatures are set to last for a week [7].

Spain suffered three deaths, including that of an 80-year-old man. The national meteorological agency, Aemet, warned of exceptionally warm central and southern Spain, with temperatures over the next few days reaching 39°C in some areas[7].

France and Belgium have also seen record temperatures which are predicted to break over the next few days as thunderstorms role out of the Swiss Alps[7]. Belgian authorities were worried about water shortages as a result of both the hot weather and lack of rain. The water authorities in the eastern town of Bullange warned that several water sources have dried up. The Belgian interior ministry said that three other communes in the southeast of the country have also appealed for emergency water supplies[7].

On the Saturday, Czech Republic continued to exceeded 100°F as doctors in the Czech Republic issued safety advice according to the Voice of Russia[37]. High tempritures were also occering in parts of Slovakia and around the Black Sea.

Just over 30,000 deaths also occurred in 2003, when another heat wave that hit Europe[37].

The heat wave begins to end as heavy rain hits the Swansea-Port Tolbot region of Wales, Devon, central Ireland and parts of eastern France.

The Alpine and North Sea thunder storms sweep across south east and north west Germany respectively. Heavy rain fall is also reported in parts of the Netherlands, Ireland, Normandy and the English Midlands on the 13th.

Thunder storms hit the English Midlands, Oxfordshire, Ireland, Northern Ireland and parts of the Swiss Alps. The Heatwave ends in the British Isles and North West Europe on the14th.

On July 15, a 60-year old man died as a result of heat in the city of Sisak, Croatia. It was the second July death in that city.[38]

North East Asia

June 27th to 29th saw the heaviest rain fall in Luolou township in the Chinese Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region for 300 years[39]. 6,673 people were affected, as the town was cut off schools closed and people travelled by boat[40].

The eat wave hit China's Liaoning Province and Hubei Province on the 2nd[41].

The heat wave hit Wuhan city, Hubei Province, Qionghai, Hainan Province, Nanning city, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, on July 3 [42]. As the hot weather swept most of northern, central and southern China some regions recorded temperatures soaring up to 39C[43].

The eat wave hit China's Liaoning Province on the 4th [44].

July 5 saw Beijing set a new highest tempriture record at 40.3 degrees Celsius[45].

The rain fall was reported to be over the Yangtze River and the Yellow River along with the heat struck provinces of Chongqing, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Jilin and the warmer parts of south eastern Tibet[46] on the 5th.

A yellow-level heat alert was issued in the provinces of Guangdong and Hainan as well as Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, due to predicted temperatures of 35 to 38 degrees Celsius[47] on July 5th.

Central Kazakhstan, Taiwan, Bajin, Macau and Hong Kong witnessed a heavy spike in temperatures on the 7th . The district of Hsintien in Taipei, Taiwan temperatures reached as far as 37°C[22].

Temperatures in Sichuan and Quzhou rose sharply to 35°C as the average heat wave temperature 13 of the China's provinces and regions reached over 35°C[22]. A record temperature of 41.8C his Bajing on the 7th[48] and were predicted to reach 40C on the 8th[49][50].

July 8 saw The highest temperature and heavy rain storms across the People's Republic of China so far. China's National Meteorological Center (NMC) predicted that temperatures would fall by the 9th[51].

July the 11th and 12th saw heat stroke make several people ill trough out the Iberian Penisular, European Russia, Belarus, eastern Poland and the Ukraine [52][53] as the heat waves have swept across Europe, North America, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Kazakhstan and Russia[54][55].

Russia

The Kuznetsk Alatau range.

A heat wave starts in Moscow on the 27th of June [56] as temperatures has reached 33.1°C and was recon to stay 30C for the rest of the week in lat about for most of the week degrees[57][58]. It also causes temperatures to rise noticeably in Yakutia, the Siberian Kuznetsk Alatau mountain range and the Volga Federal District.

On July 3, a heat wave hit parts of Ryazan Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, and the cities of Copenhagen, Bucharest and Budapest, killing a Romanian man with heat stroke. Heavy thunderstorms hit the High Swiss Alps, accompany by heavy snow in some places.

On the 5th, the Russian emergency ministry confirmed that almost 300 over heating people had drowned swimming in various lakes, canals and rivers during the heat wave. In one case at least 63 people died in one day alone[59][60]. 285 people died over the last 7 days in Russia's waterways, mostly due to the makeshift nature of their bathing places, lack of equipped or the swimmers being dangerously drunk after consuming high amounts alcohol[59]. A Bulgarian tourist also fell ill with sun stroke in Ryazan. Moscow is hit by a minor, but officaly worrying, Cholera outbreak on July the 5th[61].

It had been noticed that since the start of Summer, it has already been unusually hot in much of this broad meteorological swathe of weather patterns. Berlin and Warsaw have seen 33°C. Highs of nearly 34°C in Moscow broke records. Earlier in June, Minsk hit 30°C and Kiev soared to 34°C. St. Petersburg has yet to see the 30-degree mark[21].

Temperatures hit a record breaking highs of 37°C in several regions in the Central Federal District on July the 5th[59][62][63][64]. The temperatures were also becoming in general slightly hotter than usual trough out the Siberian Federal District to[59][64]. The official record temperature for European Russia was set at 43.8°C/110.8°F on August 6, 1940[64]. The Siberian record was set at 35.3C in the Yakut ASSR, which was also seeing it's provincial temprture rise to[65].

Russia’s weather forecasters said it was the most prolonged heat wave since 1981[59]. Moscow's City Hall sent out water tankers to put water on the roads after reports that in some areas people's shoes were getting stuck in melting tarmac and several people burnt their feet slightly after trying to get out of their shoes[59].

Moscow saw temperature is reported to be 31°C on July 7[22].

July the 11th and 12th saw heat stroke make several people ill trough out the Iberian Peninsular, European Russia, Belarus, eastern Poland and the Ukraine [66][67] as the heat waves have swept across Europe, North America, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Kazakhstan and Russia[68][69].

The 3 week heat wave hits near record tempritures Russia and the Ukraine on the 13th; with near record temperatures of 40C/104F in Saint Petersburg, Moscow and Kaliningrad[70][71][72][73].

On July 13 a representative of the Russian Bird Conservation Union (RBCU) said on that the heat was killing off most of European Russia’s birds, especially those in Moscow[74]. Meteorologists reckoned that temperatures would have gone as far as 36 degrees Celsius/97 degrees Fahrenheit later in the week[75].

On July the 14th central Russia saw record temperatures and was predicted to face 38 degrees Celsius by the weekend[76]. The drought made the government consider introducing a state of emergency in another two regions of the Russian Federation[77]. Both Volga Federal District and Southern Federal District reported heavy temprture rises. The City of Yakutsk, with temperatures set to stick at 35 degrees for the next few days. Dagestan was also reported to be suffering a heat wave that day[78]. As water levels in the River Volga have dropped over two meters as the drought destroyed much of the Volga Federal District wheat crops [79].

Kazakhstan

July the 11th and 12th saw heat stroke make several people ill trough out the Iberian Peninsular, European Russia, Belarus, eastern Poland and the Ukraine [80][81] as the heat waves have swept across Europe, North America, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Kazakhstan and Russia[82][83].

Central Kazakhstan witnessed a heavy spike in temperatures and a Kazakh farmer died of heat stroke on the 11th.

Arabia

Heavy rain and thunder storms hit the town of Samail in Oman's northern, costal mountain range [84].

North America

July 2010 Canada/US Heatwave
TypeHeatwave
FormedJuly 4
DissipatedCurrent
Fatalities9 confirmed, 7 unconfirmed [85]
Areas affectedMidwestern and Eastern USA, Central Canada

The July 2010 North American heatwave is a heatwave that occurred during July 2010 on the eastern coast of the United States and central Canada. The highest temperature recorded during the heatwave was 106 °F (41 °C) in Frederick, Maryland.[87] Power outages in New York and in Toronto were reported to have been caused by the heatwave.[88][89][90]

From July 4-July 9, 2010, the majority of the American East Coast, from the Carolinas to Maine, was gripped in a severe heat wave. Both Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, Washington, Raleigh, and even Boston eclipsed 100 °F (38 °C). Many records were broken, some of which dated back to the 1800s, including Wilmington, Delaware's temperature of 103 °F (39 °C) on Wednesday, the 7th, which broke the record of 97 °F (36 °C) from 1897. Philadelphia and New York eclipsed 100 °F (38 °C) for the first time since 2001. Fredrick, Maryland and Newark, New Jersey, among others topped the century mark (37.8° Celsius) for four days in a row[91] .

Meanwhile, various authorities on America's Eastern Seaboard have issued extreme heat alerts, with the tempriture being forecast to rise well beyond 30°C in some areas on the 5th[59][92][93][94][95].

The American Northeast was badly affected as New York City saw a record temperature of 103°F (39.4°C) on July 6, and the heat hit 37.8°C in Boston, and to 40.6°C in Baltimore on the same day, breaking the standing Baltimore record of 1983[96]. Both parts of Montana and parts of California also saw slightly above-average temperatures.

New York City saw temperature as high as 35°C in some areas and it was predicted to reach 38C the next day[22]. A report released by the Wall Street Journal on July 7, saying that June saw sails rise over the American Independence Day holiday Father's Day, especially along the East Coast of America [97]. By July 3, retail sales had risen by 3.9% from the year-ago period and 1% over the previous week, according to the International Council of Shopping Centres and Goldman Sachs and Johnson Redbook Research also showed a sales gain in the final week of June, citing the hot weather [97].

Consumers hid from the heat in air-conditioned shopping malls and bought more goods than usual summer merchandise like ice cream, air conditioners, fans, swim wear, hats, sun screen, vest tops and pool and beach equipment were all selling in a way similar to proverbial hotcakes[97].

Both the American East Coast and parts of the American Midwest have seen record high temperatures, killing two people on the 8th[24]. The severe heat had bent 1 of the rails on Washington DC's, Metro system, slowing train speeds on a stretch of track on the system's highly traveled Red Line. Both the authorities in Washington DC, New York City, Maine, Quebec, Montreal and Toronto authorities issued safety advice to its residents[24].

July the 11th and 12th saw heat stroke make several people ill trough out the Iberian Peninsular, European Russia, Belarus, eastern Poland and the Ukraine [98][99] as the heat waves have swept across Europe, North America, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Kazakhstan and Russia[100][101].

Both America,s East Coast and parts of the Midwest saw temperatures reaching up to 38C on the 11th. The electricity grid in New York City was near to collapse as Consolidated Edison cut electricity to air conditioning units and 20,000 homes and/or businesses to ease the burden on its failing system, according to "New York Times"[102]. Various utilities told people to use less electricity as the aging power grid began to faulter under the heat wave that ran from Virginia to Maine via New York. About 375,400 customers in the neighbourhoods of Flushing, Gowanus, Forest Hills and Brooklyn Heights were victims of limited power outages in New York[103] on the 11th.

Several power outages across the United States were reportedly due to more electricity being used for cooling appliances, and another was caused by a transformer fire. The lack of power was reported to be the cause of the death of a 92-year-old woman who was found in her home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which was without air conditioning.[104] The collapsed body of a homeless man was also found in Detroit on July 4th. Canadian media outlets also stated that there had been a large increase of people visiting hospital during the heatwave. Montfort Hospital said that 158 people had visited the emergency room in one day.[104]

2010 FIFA World Cup revelers in Washington DC cool off in a fountain

The Associated Press reported that "the hot weather was blamed for the deaths of 89-year-old Edward Pilch in Whitehall, Pa., and a 46-year-old woman in Queens."[105] The heat also caused rail disruptions in Washington after the metal track expanded and could not be contained by the dampers.[106]

The BBC stated that electricity providers were "urging consumers to cut back on energy use to relieve the stress on the power system ... in Philadelphia alone, 8,000 people lost power due to increased demand on Tuesday [6th July]" News agencies stated that people had been staying in air-conditioned churces to avoid the heat.[104] Consolidated Edison sent out dry ice to customers with no electricity.[107] "Postpone using large appliances, turn out lights, use fans instead of air conditioners, or if you have to use an air conditioner, set it at 78 [degrees]" a spokesperson for Con Ed said.[108]

Fatalities

The death toll from the heat wave across the Northern Hemisphere stood at:


Nation Fatalities
USA 11 (18 unofficaly)
Kazakhstan 1
UK 1
Russia 300 (estimated)
France 1
Spain 5
Croatia 3
Romania 1
Portugal 1

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  106. ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/07/06/heat.wave/index.html?fbid=0kxwIbYUaV3
  107. ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gVVwiXpuHcEgI-rkOfJ6393B2pPgD9GR4TC82
  108. ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/07/06/heat.wave/index.html?fbid=0kxwIbYUaV3

See also

External links

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