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Enthiran
File:Endhiran poster July 2010.jpg
Directed byS. Shankar
Written byS. Shankar
Sujatha Rangarajan
Madhan Karky
Produced byKalanidhi Maran
Hansraj Saxena
StarringRajinikanth
Aishwarya Rai
Danny Denzongpa
CinematographyR. Rathnavelu
Edited byAnthony Gonsalves
Music byA. R. Rahman
Production
company
Distributed bySun Pictures
Ayngaran International
B4U Network
Ficus Movies
Release date
  • 1 October 2010 (2010-10-01)
Running time
180 minutes
CountryTemplate:Film India
LanguageTamil
Budget₹162 crore (US$19 million)[1]
Box office₹250 crore (US$30 million)[2][3][4][5]
(21-day global total)

Enthiran (Tamil: எந்திரன்) is a 2010 Tamil science fiction film co-written and directed by S. Shankar. The film features Rajinikanth in dual roles, as a professor and an android robot. Aishwarya Rai and Danny Denzongpa play other lead roles while Santhanam, Karunas, Kalabhavan Mani, Devadarshini, and Cochin Haneefa play supporting roles. The film's story revolves around a scientist's struggle to control his creation, an android robot whose programme was upgraded to give it the ability to comprehend and generate human emotions. The plan backfires as the robot falls in love with the scientist's fiancée and is further manipulated to bring destruction to the world when it lands in the hands of a rivaling scientist. How the robot is stopped from further destruction forms the rest of the plot.

After nearly a decade of pre-production work, the film was shot in two years beginning in 2008. Produced by Kalanidhi Maran and Hansraj Saxena, it became India's most expensive film.[6] Upon release, it also made the largest worldwide opening for an Indian film.[7][8] The film's background score and soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman, which released as an album on 31 July 2010. Cinematography was handled by R. Rathnavelu. The film released worldwide on 1 October 2010, along with its dubbed versions: Robot in Hindi and Robo in Telugu.[9] Upon release, it enjoyed critical acclaim and commercial success across the globe, collecting an unprecedented ₹62 crore in the opening weekend and ₹117 crore in first week, becoming the highest grossing film in the history of Indian cinema.[10][11][12][13][14]

Plot

Dr. Vaseegaran (Rajinikanth), a professor specialized in robotics, creates a sophisticated android robot based on his own likeness. His mother (Revathi Sankaran) suggests him to name it Chitti Babu (Rajinikanth).

In a robotics conference, Vaseegaran introduces Chitti to the audience, who are left stunned by its versatile skills and speed. Vaseegaran's mentor, Dr. Bohra (Danny Denzongpa), unsuccessfully tries to gain knowledge of Chitti's image schema. Later it's revealed that Bohra himself has been occupied in a botched research to create a superintelligent android robot. Bohra's experiments turn only partially fruitful and he becomes jealous of Vaseegaran's success.

Chitti endears himself to Vaseegaran's girlfriend, Sana (Aishwarya Rai) and helps her cheat in her medical school exams by using his ZigBee protocol to dictate her the answers from outside the examination hall. Chitti and Sana are caught, but Sana tells the invigilators that she doesn't even know him. Chitti learns that humans may lie in self defence. Chitti's superhuman talents soon gains him a lot of fans, especially in the women's hostel housing Sana and interestingly Sana herself likes Chitti more after she was saved from the goons in the train.

Vaseegaran prepares Chitti for a panel evaluation by the Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Institute (AIRD), which is headed by Dr. Bohra. The panel enquires whether Chitti's build confirms to the Three Laws of Robotics of Isaac Asimov. Vaseegaran replies in the negative. During evaluation, Chitti almost stabs Vaseegaran at Bohra's command. Bohra convinces the evaluation committee that Chitti could not be relied upon in the battlefield because he could be easily made to turn against his owners. Vaseegaran is disappointed as Chitti fails the evaluation. Later, Chitti tries to rescue a girl from a building fire emergency. Indifferent to the girl's nudity, Chitti carries her into the public and media focus. As she tries to run away from the TV cameras, she is fatally run over by a truck.

Vaseegaran decides to modify Chitti's image schema to allow him to understand human psyche, behaviour and emotions, and succeeds in doing so by installing a new hormone simulation module into the robot. Later Chitti successfully applies his knowledge in ancient and modern medical sciences to handle the complicated labour of Latha (Devadarshini), Sana's friend. The procedure is covered live by the media. Dr. Bohra arrives to congratulate Dr.Vaseegaran on the achievement. He also lets Chitti pass the AIRD's evaluation. But problems have only begun for Vaseegaran. Chitti begins to develop tender feelings for Sana. This causes a confrontation between Vaseegaran and Chitti at Sana's birthday party. Sana tries to explain Chitti that she can love him only as a friend and asks him to forget her. Dr. Bohra tries to take advantage of the situation and tells Chitti that Vaseegaran is using him only for his personal benefits, and that he does not value Chitti's feelings. Dr Bohra's words do have their effect on Chitti; he deliberately fails in an evaluation conducted by the Indian Army. Vaseegaran, in a fit of rage, chops Chitti into pieces and throws it away in a landfill site.

Bohra, who had already struck up a deal with a European terrorist group through an Indian agent named Shah (Sabu Cyril) to sell them superintelligent robots, had failed to meet the deadline and is given an ultimatum by the group's leader. He retrieves Chitti's parts from the junkyard and fixes it up. He gives Chitti a new appearance, and installs a "red chip" inside Chitti, thereby converting him into a ruthless terminator with a positronic brain. Chitti interrupts Vaseegaran and Sana's wedding and kidnaps her. Calling himself "Chitti Version 2.0" now, Chitti begins to create more robots that look like him. Dr. Bohra, who tries to interrupt, is killed by Chitti. Soon Chitti's army of robots cause mayhem in the city, and take over AIRD. Vaseegaran undertakes the responsibility to stop Chitti. Disguised as one of the robots, he successfully infiltrates Chitti's fort -- the AIRD headquarters. Vaseegaran instructs the police to cut the power supply in the entire city and Sana distracts Chitti from the problem by pretending that she had finally fallen in love with him. Eventually, when Chitti and his army are about to run out of power, they find an alternate solution: they seize vehicles on the road and use their batteries to charge themselves up.

Chitti finds out Vaseegaran, but as Chitti is about to kill him, the police force strikes the fort. The robots assemble themselves into a sphere, a snake, and many other shapes to defend themselves.One of the robots get immobilized by a grenade explosion, and is taken into custody by Vaseegaran. He uploads a computer virus into Chitti's network which temporarily brings down the robot army. Chitti identifies the source of the problem and sends a "self-destruct" command to the robot. Eventually, the robots assemble in the shape of a giant human and chase Vaseegaran's armoured bus. Vaseegaran used the data he had backed up from the destroyed robot to de-activate the robot army's magnetic behaviour, which results in the collapse of the giant. Chitti is pulled into the bus by a huge magnetic magnetic wall. Vaseegaran now has access to Chitti's internal control panel, through which he instructs all the other robots to self-destruct. He then removes the red chip, thereby calming him down.

In a final court hearing, the judge rules capital punishment for Vaseegaran for the number of human tolls caused by the robot army. Chitti, explaining to the court that the law allows him to be treated as a valid evidence, explains that it was Dr. Bohra who caused Chitti's deviant behaviour. He shows the court, using his eyes as 3D projectors, the video footage of Dr. Bohra installing the red chip inside him. The court decides to drop all charges against Vaseegaran, while concluding that Chitti should be dismantled in order to avoid further mishaps of the same kind in future. The court also observes that a robot as advanced as Chitti is "unnecessary for contemporary human life". Back at the lab, in the presence of government and police officials, an emotional Vaseegaran tells Chitti to dismantle itself. While taking off its parts one by one, Chitti apologizes to Sana and Vaseegaran for the problems it caused.

Twenty years later, in 2030, students in a science museum are escorted by a guide towards a showcase that has Chitti's body parts arranged. The guide tells the students that Chitti was the most advanced humanoid robot that was created twenty years ago and that it was dismantled due to "certain reasons". A curious girl (Shriya Sharma) asks why, to which Chitti's head responds saying, "I started to think". As the guide takes the students to another exhibit, the girl looks back at Chitti in disbelief.

Cast

Production

Development

After completing Nayak: The Real Hero in 2001, Shankar announced a project with Kamal Haasan and Preity Zinta titled Robo,[15] to be produced by the now-defunct production company Media Dreams.[16][17][18] Despite, announcing the project, due to a lack of backing the project was cancelled and Shankar began work on Boys. In 2005, Shankar made another project, Anniyan, this was mistaken to be the renamed title for Robot.[19]

After a positive response from his previous project, Sivaji, there were speculations regarding Shankar's next film. However Shankar stated that he was going to be involved with his production house, S Pictures for 3 months.[20] Several websites claimed that he was set to take his maiden Telugu language film with Chiranjeevi,[21] while others claimed that it was set to be with Mahesh Babu.[22] Ajith Kumar was also considered for the film and several sources reported this news as confirmed but Ajith claimed that he was not yet approached.[22] In July 2007, Shahrukh Khan was signed on to be the male lead of Robot as well as the producer of the film.[23] However, in October 2007, Shahrukh Khan and Shankar officially called off the project. Khan commented that the script was "half-baked" and "dull" in comparison to his other films at the time. Shankar, on the other hand, reflected on Rajinikanth's past commentary on Shankar being a "trusted" and "excellent" script writer.[24]

After further indications that either Ajith Kumar or Aamir Khan were considered the film, reports surfaced in early January 2008, that Rajinikanth was finalized for the project.[25] Later in January 2008, Ayngaran International and Eros Labs agreed to become the producers of Robot. The film was unable to keep its name, Robot, due to the English title in Tamil Nadu, whose government present tax exemption to films with Tamil titles. Likely titles suggested to proceed with Robot as the title, included Iyandiran or Iyandira, both literal translations of Robot.[26] However it was confirmed in September 2008 that the film has been renamed to Enthiran.[27] The film's scripting was going on as told by Shankar in two interviews. It was subsequently announced that all those who have been committed for Robot should sign an agreement accepting that they will not commit themselves to any other project for the next two years of its production, with an exemption to the female lead, Aishwarya Rai.[28]

In December 2008, a sudden turn of events led to the production and distribution rights of the film being substantially altered.[29] Eros Labs cited the failures of Drona and Yuvvraj for putting them under financial pressure. Furthermore, Ayngaran International claimed it was affected by the global financial crisis of 2008, forcing both productions to sell the project. Immediately Sun Pictures bought the film from the previous producers, taking over all rights for the film. Sun Pictures also attempted to negotiate a deal with HBO Films to release the film with English subtitles in the West,[30][31] As of September 2010, the budget of the film was confirmed as ₹162 crore.[1]

Casting

Apart from the original decided casting of Rajinikanth in the lead role, S. Shankar as director, and A. R. Rahman as film composer,[32] who sets a new record for the most expensive musician of India, the rest of the cast was named over the following year. Several heroines were approached to essay the lead female role with Aishwarya Rai,[33] Priyanka Chopra,[34] Deepika Padukone,[citation needed] Asin Thottumkal,[35] Trisha Krishnan,[36] Shriya Saran,[36] Priyamani, and Nayanthara[37] at the forefront. In late January 2008, Rai was announced as the heroine of the project and she later confirmed her appearance in the film to the news channel, Aaj Tak. She stated that she was being paid 6 crore, becoming the highest paid actress in India with her salary for Enthiran.[38] In a subsequent interview Rai expressed how much she always wanted work with Shankar and Rajinikanth, and was eager to work on the project.[39] For the lead antagonist role Amitabh Bachchan,[citation needed] J. D. Chakravarthy,[40] Narain[41] and Arjun Sarja were considered,[42] however Danny Denzongpa was signed for the role.[43] Comedians Santhanam and Karunas were signed up to portray important roles in December 2008.[44]

Sujatha Rangarajan originally announced as the dialogue writer of the film, died during the production stages, with Madhan Karky Vairamuthu being named as his successor.[45] Along with Shankar's usual directorial assistants, Manoj Bharathiraja, son of noted filmmaker Bharathiraja, was signed on to be an assistant director.[46] Sabu Cyril was signed up as the art director while R. Rathnavelu has taken up the post of the cinematographer, after K. V. Anand, Manikandan, Nirav Shah, Tirru, and Ravi K. Chandran had all opted out.[36][47][48] The music composed by Rahman would feature lyrics by Vairamuthu and Pa. Vijay, while Raju Sundaram would choreograph dance moves. The film would be edited by Anthony Gonsalves, with Manish Malhotra and Mary E. Vogt, known for her work in Inspector Gadget (1999) and the Men in Black series, dually in charge of costume designs. Along with Vogt, Yuen Woo Ping, the stunt co-ordinator for Enthiran, and the leading US-based Stan Winston Studios and Industrial Light & Magic, who took care of the visual effects in the film, made their Indian cinema-debut.[49][50]

Filming

File:Enthiran 2.jpg
Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai at the Machu Picchu, filming for a song
File:Enthiran still.jpg
a still during the first half of the movie

The VFX supervisor Srinivas Mohan revealed in a video interview that the film was a pioneer in India incorporating previsualization techniques for seamless rendering of the CGI.

Filming began on 15 February 2008, in Chennai, when portfolio photographer G. Venket Ram did a photo shoot with Rajinikanth.[48] Following this initial shoot, S. Shankar and R. Rathnavelu went on a world tour for location-hunting. The team visited Vienna, Austria; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Hanoi, Vietnam to pick suitable locations.[51] The first three photo sessions were held with Rajinikanth in Mumbai and Chennai with Aishwarya Rai featuring in the fourth session.[52]

The first schedule of the film commenced on 8 September 2008 at Peru, where a song sequence featuring Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai was shot under the choreography of Raju Sundaram and Claudia Bruckmann at the historic site of the Machu Picchu. Other scenes for the song were finished off in the United States and then Brazil.[53][54] Another song was shot in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park in Brazil. The shooting for the second schedule continued in the Indian state of Goa, where the initial talkie portions were filmed for ten days.[55][56] The third schedule for the film included shooting in Himachal Pradesh for a song, which was then followed by scenes being canned in and around Chennai.[57][58] Scenes featuring a Robotics conference involving Rajinikanth, Aishwarya Rai, Santhanam and Karunas were carried out at Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering and the Vellore Institute of Technology with over four hundred students being used as extras.[59]

During the final day of filming on 7 July 2010, the entire cast and crew, including Sun Pictures chairman, Hansraj Saxena, took part in a celebration party commemorating the completion of the two-year filming process.[60]

Release

The film opened in 2,253 screens worldwide including 555 screens in Tamil Nadu,[61][62] 525 screens in Andhra Pradesh,[63] 128 screens in Kerala,[64] 45 screens in Karnataka,[65] and 700 screens in North India.[66]

Reception

Critical response

Enthiran has received widespread critical acclaim. On the review-aggregation website ReviewGang, the film scored 7.0/10 based on 9 reviews.[67]. About its Hindi version, Anupama Chopra of NDTV says, "Robot rides on Rajinikanth’s shoulders and he never stoops under the burden. Aided by snazzy clothes, make-up and special effects, he makes Chitti endearing", while giving it 3.5 out of 5.[68] Aniruddha Guha of DNA rated it 4 out of 5: "The creepy laughter, body language, the sneer under the heavily made up face all create an effect that leaves you spellbound. This a Rajni fest all the way, and it’s not to be missed".[69] Gautaman Baskaran of Hindustan Times rated it 2 out of 5: "Shankar’s work slips into a loud, overdramatic and exaggerated mess."[70] Nikhat Kazmi of Times of India rated it 4 out of 5: "Robot is the perfect getaway film, guaranteed to give you a high with its heady over-the-top Tamil flavour. You might just overdose on the pungent masala fare."[71]

Box office

Domestic

Enthiran grossed ₹62 crore from all versions in the first weekend,[72][73] and ₹117 crore in the first week, thus becoming the first Indian film to cross this mark in a week.[74][74] The film netted ₹60 crore in Tamil Nadu, ₹30 crore in Andhra Pradesh, ₹8 crore in Kerala and ₹4 crore in Karnataka.[74] In Chennai alone, Enthiran grossed a record ₹6.3 crore in ten days.[75][76] During the first week, the film's Tamil and Telugu versions fared exceptionally well, while the business of the Hindi version (Robot) remained ordinary,[77] and did not make much impact as Enthiran with around ₹11.3 crore nett business in the first week[78] and ₹5.9 crore in the second week.[79] The film did a bit better at select single screens in Maharashtra but overall poor, especially in the regions of Delhi and Punjab.[80][81] In the first week, Robot netted ₹2.4 crore in Mumbai and Thane from 107 screens, ₹96 lakh in Delhi from 27 screens, and ₹56 lakh in Ahmedabad from 28 screens.[82] In the second weekend, Robot netted ₹3.2 crore.[83] The Telugu version Robo grossed ₹3.7 crore as share in Nizam in three days[84]

Overseas

The film opened in 300 screens overseas.[85][86][87] In Malaysia, Enthiran grossed $1 million in the first weekend from 80 screens[88][89] and $2.9 million in two weeks.[90] In the United Arab Emirates, Enthiran grossed $301,000 in the first weekend while Robot grossed $86,000.[91] In the United Kingdom, Enthiran was released by Ayngaran International while Robot was released by B4U Network.[92] In the first weekend, Endhiran opened at 11th position in the UK collecting £295,148 from 30 screens while Robot opened at 21st position collecting £62,134 from 41 screens.[93] Enthiran had accumulated $785,837 by the second weekend from 34 screens in the UK.[94] Ficus Movies handled distribution of the film in its different languages in Canada and the United States. Enthiran opened at 12th position in the US in its opening weekend collecting $1,520,108 from 64 screens, while Robo debuted at 17th position in its opening weekend collecting $481,680 from 36 screens and Robot at 34th position in its opening weekend collecting $164,390 from 39 screens.[95][96][97] In Sri Lanka, the film lost its sheen at the box office as the audience found it "outlandish".[98][99] According to Eros International, the parent company of Ayngaran, Enthiran had grossed ₹61 crore overseas—including ₹20 crore in the United States, ₹8 crore across Europe, ₹7 crore in the Middle East, and ₹21 crore in South East Asia.[100] The film is likely to be amongst the top five grossing Indian films in overseas markets.[101] In Singapore, the film grossed S$2.5 million from 22 screens.[102]

Soundtrack

Main article: Enthiran (soundtrack)

The film's soundtrack, composed by A. R. Rahman, was released on 31 July 2010. It coincided with a promotional event held at the Putrajaya International Convention Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[103] The soundtrack album's release rights were purchased by Think Music for ₹7 crore (US$1.6 million).[104][105] Co-hosted by Vivek and "Punnagai Poo" Geetha, the event was attended by most of the film's cast and crew members, Kalanithi Maran, S. Shankar, Rajinikanth, Aishwarya Rai, A. R. Rahman, Santhanam, Karunas, Vairamuthu, R. Rathnavelu, Anthony, Sabu Cyril, and Yogi B. Other invited guests include Dayanidhi Maran, Radha Ravi, Vadivelu, Shriya Saran, Jayam Ravi, Ramya Krishnan, S. A. Chandrasekhar, Aishwarya and Soundarya Rajinikanth, Krish, and Sangeetha Arvind. Silambarasan Rajendar, Vijayalakshmi Agathiyan, and Poorna also made stage performances.

After the second day of release, the album reached number one on the Top 10 World Albums chart on iTunes in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, making it the first Tamil album to reach the spot.[106][107]

The release event of the Telugu version, Robo, was held in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India on 6 August 2010, which was attended by Chiranjeevi, D. Ramanaidu, Mohan Babu, Srinu Vaitla, Kajal Aggarwal, and Kamna Jethmalani.[108] The Hindi version, Robot, released in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India on 14 August 2010, in which the invited guests included Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Abhishek Bachchan, Shahrukh Khan, and Aamir Khan. The film's sound engineer and cast member, Resul Pookutty and Danny Denzongpa, respectively, also attended the event held in Mumbai.[109]

Controversy

In mid-August, a few reports claimed that Sun Pictures had sold the distribution rights of Robo, the Telugu version, to Telugu film producer Chadalavada Srinivasa Rao in Andhra Pradesh for ₹27 crore.[110] The claim was later denied by Sun Pictures, who clarified that the company had not yet sold any distribution rights to anyone.[111] After an unsuccessful attempt to take legal action on Sun Pictures, Srinivasa Rao, who even made an advanced payment of ₹2 crore for the distribution rights,[112] made a complaint to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce against the film studio, claiming they had cheated him.[113] A formal investigation was launched following a police complaint from Sun Pictures and two individuals, Udhayakumar, a production manager, and Surendran, his accomplice, were arrested for illegally trying to sell the film distribution rights by creating a fake document that claimed the distribution rights of Robo to be sold to Srinivasa Rao.[114]

Another controversy regarding the film's plot originated near the end of August as Indian author Vijayarke claimed that Enthiran's story was similar to that of his 2002 science fiction novel, Man Robot, and demanded a credit for himself in the film. Vijayarke claimed that he realized the similarity after hearing S. Shankar narrate the plot during the film's audio launch, after which he emailed the director with his novel's story, seeking clarification.[113]

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  73. ^ Endhiran falls short of Dabangg opening
  74. ^ a b c "economictimes.com". economictimes.com. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  75. ^ [3]
  76. ^ Enthiran grossed Rs.6.3 crore in Chennai in the first week
  77. ^ Robot stumbles in Bollywood
  78. ^ Robot First Week Collections Around India
  79. ^ Robot netted Rs.5.8 crore in the second week
  80. ^ Crook Opens Below The Mark
  81. ^ Robot has poor opening weekend
  82. ^ Robot First Week Collections Around India
  83. ^ Anjaana Anjaani Robot Second Weekend Business
  84. ^ Robo opens big in Andhra
  85. ^ Enthiran released in 300 screens outside India
  86. ^ "Enthiran rage: Rajini fever grips Chennai". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  87. ^ "Enthiran Box Office Response". DNA. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
  88. ^ [4]
  89. ^ Kollywood's Endhiran to open in Malaysia Thursday
  90. ^ Crook Is Dull Endhiran (Tamil) Mind Boggling
  91. ^ "Boxofficeindia.com". Boxofficeindia.com. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  92. ^ "British Board of Film Classification". BBFC.com. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  93. ^ "UK Box Office: 1 - 3 January 2010". UK Film Council. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  94. ^ United Kingdom Box Office October 8–10, 2010
  95. ^ 'Crook' fails
  96. ^ http://www.behindwoods.com/features/visitors-1/endhiran-box-office-05-10-10.html
  97. ^ [5]
  98. ^ Lankan Tamils find 'Enthiran' outlandish
  99. ^ [6]
  100. ^ Enthiran grossed Rs.61 crore overseas
  101. ^ Endhiran likely to emerge in Top Five Overseas
  102. ^ Enthiran raked in S$2.5m in Singapore
  103. ^ "Rajnikanth showers praise on co-star Aishwarya Rai". WorldSnap. 31 August 2010.
  104. ^ "Think Music Bags Endhiran Audio Rights". Enthiran Movie Updates. 17 July 2010.
  105. ^ "'Enthiran' music label under wrap - Tamil Movie News". IndiaGlitz. 15 July 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  106. ^ "'Endhiran' tops Apple list - Tamil Movie News". IndiaGlitz. 3 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  107. ^ Enthiran breaks another record BehindWoods, 3 August 2010
  108. ^ "Chiranjeevi, Rajinikanth launch Robo audio". OneIndia Entertainment. 9 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  109. ^ "Rajini gets sentimental during Robot audio launch". Behindwoods.com. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  110. ^ "Srinivasa Rao wins Robo Telugu rights". IndiaGlitz. 8 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  111. ^ "'Endhiran' Telugu rights not sold: Sun - Tamil Movie News". IndiaGlitz. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  112. ^ "'ROBO' still in balance". IndiaGlitz. 10 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  113. ^ a b "Bumpy ride ahead". Deccan Chronicle. 22 August 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
  114. ^ "'Robo' Rights Fraudsters Arrested". IndiaGlitz. 11 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.

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